Ignácz Singer

“ The transitive verb is always in the definite form, if the substantive acted upon has the definite article, or the demonstrative pronouns azon, ezen, or is the name of a person.
In the definite there are also to be distinguished the person acting and the person acted upon.
If the first person acts upon the second person, the distinguishing termination of the verb will be, in all moods and tenses, -lak (for flat words) , or -lek (for sharps) ; as, verlek, I beat thee; várlak I expect thee. But when acting upon a substantive in the third person, the general rule is to be followed ”

“ All causal verbs—whether derived from active or neuter verbs—are transitive, and conjugated like these in the indefinite and definite form.
The Hungarian has, properly speaking, no passive voice for active verbs, but grammarians have introduced a so-called passive voice for transitive verbs which is, however, not generally used, but is restricted to a few verbs only. The root or the primitive of the passive is the same as the causal verb, but is conjugated like the neuter verbs; as, szeretni, to love ”

“ As regards care and fidelity in translating, these attempts are sufficient to gain for Mr. Butler a place in the first rank amongst those who have translated Hungarian poems into foreign languages. His conception is for the most part faultless. ”

“ Words are formed in two ways: (a) by means of affixes called formatives; (b) by putting together of words. The first class are called derivatives; the latter compounds.
Formatives (Hungarian: képző) are particles or affixes which are joined to the word in order to give it another signification.
A distinction is to be made between the affixes used for declension and conjugation, and the formatives (affixes for forming new words) . Those modify only the meaning expressed in the crude (uninflected) form; while the latter create new ideas; as, ház, house; házaló, pedlar ”

“ In the sentence—János szereti Marít, John loves Mary—the words might be placed in any order without altering the meaning of the sentence.
The emphasis rests chiefly on the first word; and accordingly as we want to impress upon the hearer the person who loves, or the person (object) that is loved, or the fact that the person we speak of is in love, the respective word would be put in the first place. ”

“ If a verb ends with a double consonant, or with a single hard consonant, that would not admit an easy pronunciation of the ending -ni, the infinitive ending will then be -ani or eni; instead of -ni; as, hallani, to hear. In such cases all inflections beginning with a consonant are joined to the verb with a vowel; for instance, hall-ott, not hall-t, &c.
These rules will be better explained by the following examples:—
All other moods and tenses are conjugated regularly. ”

“ Object possessed in the plural: enyéim, tieid, övéi; mieink, tiéitek, övéik.
As the personal pronoun is to supply the absent substantive, there must be forms to express all relations of the latter to other nouns or the verb. We have now learned the five cases of the pronoun, which answer exactly to the five cases of the substantives. It remains now to give the forms of the pronoun that would correspond to substantives inflected with the suffixes for place or direction or which are modified by postpositions. ”

“ THE VERB.
Words which express some action, motion, or suffering of the substantive, are called verbs.
The Hungarian language has two kinds of verbs: active and medial.
Active verbs express always some action of the substantive. ”

“ Part II.— Amatongo; or, Ancestor-AVorship as existing among the Amazulu, in their own words, with a Translation into English, and Notes. By the Rev. Canon Callaway, M.D. 8vo, pp. 127, sewed. 1869. 4s.
Part III. — Izinyanga Zokubula ; or, Divination, as existing among the Amazulu, in their own words, with a Translation into English, and Notes. By the Rev. Canon Callaway, M.D. 8vo, pp. 150, sewed. 1870. 4s.
Part IV.— On Medical Magic and Witchcraft. 8vo, pp. 40, sewed. Is. 6d.
CAMERINI. — L'Eco Italiano ; a Practical Guide to Italian Conversation. By E. Camerini. With a Vocabulary. ”

“ Emphatic: sőt, inkább, sőtmég. These have no corresponding form in English, but are construed thus: sőt szeretni fogom, on the contrary, I will like it.
11. Locative: ott-hol, there-where; ahonnan, whence.
12. Final: hát, tehát, therefore; egyébiránt, otherwise, although; elvégre, utoljára, concluding, at last, finally. ”

“ I. The Life. Demy Svo, pp. xii, and 492, with Portrait and Map, cloth. 1873. 14s. Vols. II. and III. The Essays. A new Edition, with Notes by E. B. Cowell, Professor of Sanskrit in the University of Cambridge. ”

“ The Particles used to define the Nouns are: article, suffix, and postpositions.
Articles.
There are two articles: a definite and an indefinite. The definite article is a before words beginning with a consonant, and az before words beginning with a vowel.
The definite article is put before nouns when a certain and defined thing is referred to—i.e., before definite nouns, which it precedes then invariably, even in cases where in English it would be omitted, as, for instance, where a pronoun stands before it—e.g., a fiú, the boy; or az én fiam, my boy; az [1] a fiú, that boy, &c. ”

“ BURNELL.— A Classified Index to the Sanskrit MSS. in the Palace at Tanjore. Prepared for the Madras Government. By A. C. Burnell, Ph.D., &c., &c. 4to, stiff wrapper. Part I., pp. iv.-80, Vedic and Technical Literature. Part II., pp. iv.-SO, Philosophy and Law. Part III., Drama, Epics, Puranas, and Zantras; Indices. 1879. 10s. each. BURNEY. — The Boys' Manual op Seamanship and Gunnery, compUed for the use of the Training-Ships of the Royal Navy. ”

“ In the third person singular of the imperative and subjunctive (present tense) , the forms also differ in the indefinite; as, törjön (not törjen) . All other forms are the same as in the second conjugation.
Verbs ending with s, sz, or z, double their final letter in place of taking a j in the imperative and subjunctive mood; and in the present tense of the indicative mood of the definite form; for instance—
Verbs ending with t preceded by i or a liquid consonant take in the imperative and subjunctive mood an s instead of j ”

“ Adverbs of number or quantity are all derivatives of numerals.
Interrogative, affirmative, and negative adverbs:—Interrogative are those which ask a question. They are direct, if their primitive meaning implies already a question; as, hogyan, how? hol, where? &c.; and indirect, if their meaning is made dependent upon the interrogative modulation of the voice but can be used as well as answer: itt? here? igen, itt, yes, here. To the interrogative adverbs must also be reckoned the interrogative suffix -e, which is joined to words in order to make a question ”

“ CANTICUM CANTICORUM, reproduced in facsimile, from the Scriverius copy in the British Museum. With an Historical and Bibliographical Introduction by I. Ph. Berjeau. Folio, pp. 36, with 16 Tables of Illustrations, vellum. 1860. £2, 2s.
Page:Simplified grammar of the Hungarian language.djvu/112 CHARNOCK. — A Glossary of the Essex Dialect. By Richard Stephen Charnock, Ph.D., F.S.A, Fcap., pp. xii. and 64, cloth. 1880. 3s. 6d. ”