Charles Prestwood Lucas

“ The district of Gujarat depended largely upon its fine breed of cattle which was in danger of dying out from scarcity of fodder, and one great result of the governor's visit was the establishment, largely on his initiative, of the cattle farm at Charodi, known as the Northcote Gowshala, to preserve and improve the breed. His sympathy with and interest in the small cultivators of the Bombay Presidency were shown by what was perhaps the chief legislative measure of his government, the passing of the Bombay Land Revenue Code Amendment Act, which aroused much criticism on its introduction in 1901. ”

“ The rebellion ended in 1864, and Hart had much to do with the disbandment of the ‘ever-victorious army.’ In the same year he inspected the Chinese customs houses in the island of Formosa, and normal times having returned to China and its government, he was summoned to live at Peking, which thenceforward became his headquarters and permanent dwelling-place. There he exercised a genial hospitality, indulging a taste for music by maintaining a private band. He rarely moved from the capital during his long residence in China. ”

“ Neither to the more extreme section of the Afrikander party in South Africa nor to President Kruger was Hofmeyr's part in the negotiation quite congenial. Between Hofmeyr, who became 'the leader of constitutional Afrikanderdom,' and Kruger, who was 'the leader of militant Afrikanderdom,' difference of view was inevitable (The Times Hist. of War in South Africa, i. 291) . In 1894 Hofmeyr again represented the Cape Colony at the colonial conference held at Ottawa to consider the question of trade and communication among the different colonies and between the colonies and the mother country. ”

“ In 1895, when the unionists were returned to power, he became parliamentary under-secretary of state for India, and remained at the India Office till 1900, when he went back to the colonial office in the same position, Mr. Joseph Chamberlain being secretary of state. He took part in the colonial conference of 1902, and he acted as secretary of state during Mr. Chamberlain's visit to South Africa. In 1903 he obtained cabinet rank as president of the board of agriculture, and was made a privy councillor. As head of an office he proved himself to be hard-working and shrewd. ”

“ Hart did not anticipate the collapse of China in the war with Japan of 1894-5; but after that war had been concluded by the Treaty of Shimonoseki, he used all his efforts to induce the Chinese government to introduce necessary reforms. He foresaw the Boxer outbreak in 1900, but he held that the movement was 'a purely patriotic volunteer movement, and its object is to strengthen China and for a Chinese programme' (These from the Land of Sinim, p. 52) . ”

“ His interest in foreign politics remained keen, especially in the affairs of Eastern Europe. He was a frequent visitor to Egypt, and formed at first hand well-defined views of England's position there, at one time advocating the annexation of the country by Great Britain. He was a strong supporter of friendly relations between England and Germany, and closely studied South African matters in later years. ”

“ The coast tribes in the German sphere were in revolt against the German East Africa Co. A joint blockade of the whole East African coast by Great Britain and Germany was found necessary; and in the British sphere the Arabs were on the eve of an armed rising owing to runaway slaves being harboured at the mission stations. Mackenzie averted this last imminent danger, and conciliated the Arab slave-owners by paying them compensation for the fugitive slaves at the mission stations at the rate of $25 a head, the gross sum amounting to 3500l. ”

“ Her love of travel was stimulated by chronic ill-health, the repeated losses in her family, which produced a sense of loneliness, and above all by her missionary enthusiasm. 'A critical but warm supporter of missions, especially of medical missions,' she held that Christianity should be presented to natives as far as possible through native teaching. ”

“ Basutoland, which under the Cape government had been in a constant state of ferment, made marked progress in peace, contentment, and prosperity under his guidance. Constantly selected to fill difficult positions in South Africa, he was conspicuous among the men who won the confidence and respect of the natives of South Africa. ”

“ Of the labour party he became secretary in 1900 and parliamentary leader in 1901. In July 1905 he was chosen premier of South Australia, combining with it the duties of commissioner of public works and minister of education, and being the first labour premier of an Australian state, though the commonwealth had for four months in 1904 had a labour prime minister in Mr. Watson. Price held the office of premier until his death, nearly four years later. His cabinet was a coalition of liberal and labour members, and his capacity for leadership held it well together. ”

“ On returning to the United States in September 1862, while continuing his letters to the 'Daily News,' he wrote for the 'New York Times,' the 'North American Review,' and 'Atlantic Monthly.' He also took charge for a short time of the 'Sanitary Commission Bulletin.' In 1864 he wrote of himself 'I am by nature rather fitted for an outdoor than an indoor life. I have not got the literary temperament' (Life and Letters, i. 229) . In July 1865 he established in New York a weekly journal 'The Nation,' to represent independent thought in the United States. ”

“ On 17 Feb. 1900 Lord Northcote landed at Bombay, where he served as governor for three and a half years. His tenure of office was marked by 'a famine of unprecedented severity, incessant plague, an empty exchequer, and bad business years generally' (Times of India, 5 Sept. 1903) . Famine did not completely disappear till 1902-3, and plague was still rife when Northcote left India. He faced the situation with self-denying energy. ”

“ In 1902 he was made president of the Agricultural Bank of Egypt, which was an offshoot of the National Bank. Palmer was a shrewd, hard-working man, with long financial training and great knowledge of accounts; he was a specialist rather than a man of general administrative capacity, and his particular faculties were brought into play in developing industrial and commercial enterprises at the time when Egypt began to reap the benefit of administrative reform and engineering works. ”

“ He spoke on occasion in the House of Lords, and welcomed to his home visitors from the dominions beyond the seas. He had a singular power of attracting affection, and his good judgment, coupled with entire absence of self-interest, made him a man of many friends. ”

“ Godkin was a man of marked talent. He combined with wide reading and knowledge of many countries a personal attraction which made him the 'faithful friend and charming companion' of the leaders of thought in both England and America. He gave his life's work to his adopted country, the United States, but he was never completely assimilated. Matthew Arnold considered him 'a typical specimen of the Irishman of culture ' {Life and Letters, ii. ”

“ The attack was clearly directed as much against Lingen as against Lowe himself, and it is testimony to Lingen's power and strength of character that he attracted the animosity which is usually reserved for the parliamentary chiefs of a government department. 'If rumour does not much belie him,' wrote the 'Saturday Review' (16 April 1864) , 'Mr. Lingen is quite as powerful (as Mr. Lowe) and a good deal more offensive. It is from Mr. Lingen that all the sharp snubbing replies proceed' (Patchett Martin, ii. 223) . ”

“ Another visit to China was contemplated, but her health entirely gave way, and after many months of illness she died at Edinburgh on 7 Oct. 1904; she was buried at the Dean cemetery. In 1905 a memorial clock to her sister's memory, the 'Henrietta Amelia Bird' memorial clock, was erected at Tobermory from funds bequeathed by her for the purpose.
Mrs. Bishop was small in stature, quiet in speech and manner, and was a traveller of extraordinary courage. Fearless on horseback, she explored alone the most dangerous and barbarous countries. ”

“ James resigned office in July 1902, when Mr. Balfour succeeded Lord Salisbury as prime minister. Trained in old whig principles, he was not in sympathy with the education policy of the unionist government. In the same year he was made G.C. V.O. Next year, when Mr. Chamberlain formulated his policy of tariff reform, James declared his resolute adherence to the principle of free trade. As in the home rule crisis, he acted with the duke of Devonshire, and stiffened the latter in his opposition to the new policy. ”

“ King Edward VII was constantly a guest at his shooting parties. He was an intimate friend of Millais; he knew Dickens, Charles Reade, Tom Taylor, and other men eminent in literature or art, although he had few intellectual interests outside his profession. ”

“ At the general election of 1885, after the new reform bill had become law, he was returned as member for Bury in Lancashire, and he represented that constituency for the rest of his time in the House of Commons. When Gladstone declared for home rule early in 1886, James declared unhesitatingly against the change of Irish policy. Gladstone offered him first the lord chancellorship and then the home secretaryship in his new ministry, but James, with rare self-denial, declined both. ”

“ Rarely absent from Peking, and taking, in the opinion of some, too exclusively a Chinese view of affairs, especially in later years. Hart long enjoyed the confidence of the Chinese government, and was entrusted by it with many negotiations affecting China's relations with other countries. In 1878 he, acting with Li Hung Chang, settled at Chefoo with the British minister at Peking, Sir Thomas Wade, the difficulty between China and Great Britain arising out of the murder in 1875 of Augustus Raymond Margary [q. v.] ”

“ HOFMEYR, JAN HENDRIK (1845–1909) , South African politician, born at Capetown on 4 July 1845, was eldest of the five children of Jan Hendrik Hofmeyr, a farmer in the Cape Peninsula. The family came from the Netherlands to South Africa in the eighteenth century. Educated at the South African College at Capetown, he left school at the age of sixteen, meaning to enter the government service; but having no interest and no money he became a journalist in the colony. ”

“ While in opposition, he was active in debate, and when Gladstone returned to office after the general election of 1880 James, who retained his seat for Taunton, again became attorney-general. He held the post until the liberal government went out in 1885, the solicitor-general being Farrer Herschell (afterwards Lord Herschell) [q. v. Suppl. I] . James performed both his political and professional work, which was exceptionally heavy, with unsparing energy. In parliament his chief exploit was the drafting and carrying through its various stages the corrupt practices bill of 1883. ”

“ When he returned to power in 1889 he took up again with vigour the policy of developing the colony by railways, and during his second administration he concluded the earlier contracts with Robert Gillespie Reid of Montreal under which the railway was subsequently constructed via the Exploits river to Port aux Basques in the south-west of the island, the nearest point to Cape Breton Island and Nova Scotia. ”

“ The holder of the office is in effect 'the most important British official in Egypt' (Cromer, Modern Egypt, ii. 286; Milner, England in Egypt, 3rd edit., 1893, p. 105) , and Gorst, who was made C.B. in 1900 and K.C.B. in 1902, filled it until 1904 with uniform success. After assisting at Paris in the negotiation of the Anglo-French agreement which settled outstanding questions with regard to Egypt, Gorst was transferred in May 1904 to the foreign office in London as an assistant under-secretary of state. ”

“ MACARTNEY, Sir SAMUEL HALLIDAY (1833–1906) , official in the Chinese service, born near Castle Douglas on 24 May 1833, was youngest son of Robert Macartney of Dundrerman House, Kirkcudbrightshire, and Elizabeth, daughter of Ebenezer Halliday of Slagnaw. He belonged to the Macartneys of Auchinleck in Kirkcudbrightshire, to which Earl Macartney [q. v.] , ambassador to China in 1792-93, also belonged. Educated at the Castle Douglas Academy, Halliday, at the age of fifteen, went as a clerk into a merchant's office in Liverpool, and in 1852 entered Edinburgh University in order to study medicine. ”

“ Through Canada she passed to Japan, Corea and China. Four visits were paid to Corea ; on the first she explored the Han river and crossed the Diamond Mountains to the east coast of the peninsula. After a visit to Chinese Manchuria, she went up the Yangtze and into the interior of China, through the province of Szechuan to the borders of Tibet, thus spending fifteen months and travelling 8000 miles in China alone. On her way she founded three hospitals as memorials to her husband, parents, and sister, one in Corea and two in China, as well as an orphanage in Japan. ”

“ Without striking brilliancy, Hamilton gained to a remarkable degree the confidence and affection of those whom he served. In nearly every case official relations led to private friendship. In personal life he found his chief interest in music, and he was the author of various musical compositions. ”

“ In 1893 he was appointed a judge of the supreme court of Newfoundland, but resigned the office in 1896, returned to politics as leader of the opposition, and in 1897 became premier of Newfoundland. He held the premiership, combining with it the post of attorney-general and later that of minister of justice, till 1900, when he practically retired from political life. ”