Summary

Frank Wanlass Patent 3356858: Low stand-by power complementary field effect circuitry (1967)

When an electric field is applied to the surface of an insulated field-effect semiconductor device, the mobile charge carriers within the semiconductor device are attracted to or repelled from the surface. In the event the field so applied is of adequate magnitude and of proper polarity, the resulting accumulation of carriers near the surface can result in the formation of an inversion layer or channel in which the majority carrier near the surface is of opposite type from that in the remainder of the semiconductor body.
Source: Wikisource

Frank Wanlass Patent 3356858: Low stand-by power complementary field effect circuitry (1967)

When the potential applied to a gate is less than the critical value, the impedance between the source and the drain is very high and corresponding to a reverse biased planar silicon diode.
The voltage applied to the drain of the field-effect semiconductor devices is of a polarity to reverse bias the diffused junction at the drain contact.
Source: Wikisource

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