John U. Wolff

“ The symbol b2 indicates verbs of the a conjugation, the local passive of which refers to the place of the action, but which also occur with the affix hi-an (→) (hi-i) , meaning 2, to refer to the accidental recipient of the action. Bása ‘read’ illustrates a verb in class ab2.
The symbol b3 indicates verbs the local passive of which refers to the reason for the action (-an1, meaning 5) . Dalágan ‘run’ illustrates this class. The symbol b3 (1) indicates verbs of class b3 which occur only with potential affixes (ma-/na-an/-i or, alternatively, gika-/ka-an/-i) . ”

“ Cebuano is spoken in the central portions of the Philippines: on the islands of Cebu and Bohol, on the eastern half of Negros, western half of Leyte, along the northern coasts of Mindanao, and on smaller islands in the vicinity of these areas. A large portion of the urban population of Zamboanga, Davao, and Cotabato is Cebuano speaking. Cebuano is also widely spoken throughout the lowland areas of the entire eastern third of Mindanao, where it is spreading at the expense of the native languages (most of which are closely related to Cebuano) . ”

“ For the most part stress can be determined by the phonological make-up of the word: 1 stress falls on the long vowel of the word if the word has a long vowel: nagdá [nagdā́] , káun [kā́ʔun] . 2 for words that have no long vowel, stress is on the penultimate if it is [x] closed: tan-aw [tánʔaw] ‘see’; mugbù [múgbuʔ] ‘short’. If the penultimate is open and short, stress is on the ultimate: mala [malá] ‘dry’. Occasionally, in words with a closed penult the final syllable is stressed (marked here with a wedge) : mandǎr [mandár] ‘order’ ”

“ Kumunista ka giyud. Bísag gibahínan, nangílug pa giyud, What a grasping sort you are. You have been given your share, but you still want s.o. else’s share! v [B1; a12] be, become a communist. Ug makumunista ning nasúra, magkumunista sab ku, If this country goes communist, I’ll become a communist, too. ”

“ Mag-andu kag hángin ánang pangitáa, You will get exactly nothing from that sort of livelihood. Unsay maandu mu ánang pagpúnay ug katúlug? What do you expect to get out of sleeping all the time? 2 [A; a] sum up, make an account of. Nag-andu siya sa mga butang nga wà gánì níya mahímu, She is counting up things for credit to get credit for them, when she hasn’t even done them. Ayaw kug paningli, kay ug andúhun nátù ag ákung nagastu nímu, dì ka kabayad, Do not try to collect what I owe you, because if we sum up all that I spent on you, you could never pay. ”

“ One can obtain the release of a kidnapped person by annoying the ingkantus, but if he has partaken of their food, he is unrecoverable. They inflict illness on anyone who disturbs their dwelling place. ”

“ Dílì madalag paayun-áyun, How stubborn he is. No matter how hard you try, you can’t persuade him. v [B] become hard to please.
balingug = balingag.
balinsalà, balinsálà n k.o. small edible bivalve clam.
balinsay n k.o. game of tossing a handful of small objects, usually cowries, to be caught by the back of the hand, and then tossed again caught on the palm. The pieces that fall to the floor are paired off. In each pair one is made to hit the other by flicking it. If the player misses or hits more than one piece, he’s burnt (pasù) and loses his turn. ”

“ There is a belief that insanity can be cured by shackling a person’s ankles to a stock made of a kapok log. The person imprisoned with a kapok log may sit or lie down, but cannot stand or move, and often may be kept that way for years. Duldul na lay kúwang nímu, The only thing that can help you is a kapok stock. ”

“ Daúgun nátù ning átung dúlà, Let’s declare s.o. the winner of this game (put an end to it) . 1b [b] determine the winner by reaching s.w. Maglumbà ta. Kadtung káhuy átung daúgan, Let’s race. Whoever gets to the tree first wins. 2 [A13; a12S] for two people under the same roof to be racing against each other as to who dies first. It is thought that when two people under the same roof are ill at the same time, one is bound to die. Lisud kaáyu ang kahimtang sa inahan ug anak, magdáug tingáli ang duha, The mother and daughter are both seriously ill. ”

“ Nagligidligid siya sa kasakit kay dúna siyay suul sa irù, He was doubled up in pain because he had stomach cramps. dílì makáun ug — treating people in an unacceptable and completely obnoxious way. Kasábà nga dílì makáug irù, A scolding not even acceptable for a dog (harsh and ranging far beyond the alleged offense) . a greedy to the point of eating food which people ordinarily wouldn’t eat. Kay irù ka man mukáun ka sa ransiyung karni, Because you are so gluttonous, you’ll even eat rancid meat. b greedy over s.t. one loves very much. Irù kaáyu siyag sini, She loves movies very much. ”

“ There is a tendency to drop post-consonantal /l/ usually (but not always) with compensatory lengthening of the vowel of the penult: kinahanglan or kinahángan ‘need’; aplud or apud ‘astringent in taste’; danglug or dángug or dangug ‘slippery’. The /l/-less forms are most common in the areas which drop intervocalic /l/. The dropping of post-consonantal /l/ is by no means as widespread as dropping of intervocalic /l/, and alternative forms are listed. ”

“ Mukunhud ang prisyu sa bugas kun ting-ani, The price of rice goes down during the harvest season. Adúnay baláud nga nagkunhud sa gidaghanun sa mga mulangyaw gawas sa násud, There’s a law lowering the number of those who may go abroad. Kining tambála makakunhud (makapakunhud) sa prisiyun, This medicine can lower blood pressure. Ikunhud (kunhúran) ang swildu kun hínay ang trabáhu, The wages are reduced if business is slow. ”

“ Gamíta ang ímung bagul, Use your head. a uncomfortable to have weigh on one or put one’s weight on because of things which protrude. Ang lantay bagul higdáan, It is uncomfortable to lie on bamboo slats. v [B] become uncomfortable. Ug butangan nímug kamúti ang sáku mubagul lukdúhun, If you put sweet potatoes into the sack, it will become uncomfortable to carry. (←) n a child’s game played with coconut shells or slippers where one child puts his shell on the ground and the other child (under various impediments) throws his own shell and tries to hit the first child’s. ”

“ The symbol A123P means that the root occurs only with potential-active affixes (i.e., does not occur with mu- or mag-) , but it does occur with maka- and also with makapa- having the same meaning as maka-, e.g. malarya ‘get malaria’.
The symbol N following A or A plus the numbers indicates that the prefix paN- can be added to the base together with the punctual-active affix, mu-, and with the potential-active affix maka- (naka-) but not with the durative affixes, and that the root alone is synonymous with the base plus paN-. ”

“ Bagà kaáyu ang duut sa táwu, A dense crowd of people. 3 rich (from — ug bulsa ‘fat walleted’) . — ug búang misbehaving in an unusual way. Bagà ug búang si Línu kay nanglìlì samtang nalígù ang íyang maistra, Lino is very naughty because he peeped while his teacher was taking a bath. — ug gwatsi making subtle pranks which are not easily seen through. — ug nawung brazen. Bagà ug nawung ning tawhána. Bisan ug wà gustuhi mangulitáwu lang gihápun, This man sure has a lot of nerve. Even though she does not like him, he still continues to court her. ”

“ Kun maglikay ka sa gugmagugma matigúlang kang dalága, If you avoid love affairs you’ll become an old maid. gugmahánun a pertaining to love. Gisinsur ang gugmahánun nílang isína kay hílas, Their love scene was censored because it was obscene. ”

“ Impakíhag (iimpákig) maáyu ang dad-unun, Pack up the things we will take with us carefully.
impaktu n 1 supernatural being which causes evil and may be called into the service of a sorcerer. If he shows himself it is usually in the form of s.t. ordinary with an extraordinary characteristic: animal of an unusual age, color, or shape; banana trunk blocking the way where there had been no bananas growing, and the like. 2 by extension, s.o. who does evil without scruples. ”

“ Kuntra sa húbak ang pasáyan, Shrimps are bad for asthma. 2b remedy for s.t. bad. Kuntra sa húbak kining tablítas, These tablets are good for asthma. 2b1 — sa ampay love s.t. very much (humorous—lit. it’s a remedy for my craving) . Mukáun ug inasal? Kuntra nà sa ákung ampay! Do I like roast pig? No, I love it! 3 — sa opposed to, rather than. Maáyu na lang ning makalilímus kuntra nímu nga kawatan, It’s better to be a beggar than to be like you, a thief. Mas maáyu ang bínu kuntra sa túbà, Wine is much better than palm toddy. Maíbug kahà ku níya kuntra nímu? ”

“ Muhayang lang siya sa bangkù ug matúlug, He will just lie down on the bench and go to sleep. 3 [B1256] fall and land on one’s back. Nahayang ku sa lápuk, I fell down on my back in the mud. — ang kúlun [316] sure to win (lit. the pot is right side up [on the fire] ) . Mupusta kug dakù kay áning taría hayang giyung kúlun, I will place a big bet on this round because it is a sure win. — ang payà v [a3] for s.o. who is usually morose to become unusually gay (lit. for a half a coconut shell—smooth and neat on the inside and coarse and scraggly on the outside, to be lying with the inside up) . ”

“ This definition reflects the usage of fishermen who call any small dotted species of Teuthis, genuine danggit (danggit nga pyúr) , but any species of Teuthis with no dots are called aberrant forms of the danggit—other related fish are called danggit sa hunásan ‘the danggit of the tidal flats’ or danggit nga ngisingisi ‘the danggit like the ngisingisi fish’, etc.) ”

“ Hulu ug balatían ning batáa kay walà muhílak paglubung sa íyang inahan, The child has a strong character because he did not cry when his mother was buried. 2 not afraid of danger. Hulu ka giyud ug mutubagtubag ka níya, You really are brave if you talk back to him. 3 able to eat sickening food or in a sickening environment. Hulu kaáyu siyag ginháwa kay mukáug ilagà, That man has a strong stomach. He can eat rats. ”

“ Each line ideally consists of twelve syllables, though this number is often not strictly adhered to. In modern times the balítaw is not used in courtship, but for social occasions where people show their skill at improvisation. ”

“ Mukatuk siya kun higutman pag-áyu, He gets so he doesn’t understand readily when he is very hungry. n blow delivered on the head. a lacking in good sense as if one has been conked on the head.
katukà n k.o. large sweet potato with reddish peelings and white meat, too dry for good eating.
katukatu n common sense, ability to reason, knowledge. Dílì ka makasabut? Háin gud nang ímung katukatu? You can’t understand? Where’s your head? Wà giyud nay katukatung bayhána kay wà katunub ug iskuyláhan, That woman is illiterate because she hasn’t gone to school. ”

“ Also the name given to pieces of wood which serve a purpose. 1a whippletree of a plow. 1b wood used in stripping abaca, around which the end of the abaca is wound and which is pulled to force the abaca through the stripper. 1c wood used in fishing with a net that is pulled: the people who pull the net hold on to the balitang and hold it in a vertical position so that the top edge is directly above the bottom edge of the net. 2 piece of bone, vein, or tendon supposed to lie across the vagina which obstructs the easy birth of a child. ”

“ Nagbúlag mi ug akuy mihágad pagpakig-úlì, We separated and I made the first move for reconciliation. Ayaw ihágad sa mga laláki ang ímung pagkababáyi, Do not make yourself cheap by making approaches to men. ”

“ Naghikayay sila kay pista ugmà, They were busy preparing because the fiesta was the following day.
-ay2 affix added to verbs to form nouns referring to manner in which s.t. is done. Maghúlin ta, bihagay, Let’s play marbles for keeps (in the manner of bíhag ‘capture’) . Magtínis ta, sirbisahay, Let’s play tennis. The loser buys beer (lit. in the beer manner) . ”

“ Nahigut ákung puhúnan sa nigusyu, My capital is tied up in the business. Nahigtan níyag tris ang ákung diyis, Three pesos of the ten I won belong to him. (Lit. Three pesos of his are tied up to my ten.) 4b [AC; b6] have money tied in a common amount to dispense with making change (as for example, in gambling where money keeps changing hands) . Nagkahígut mi áring diyis, Our money is all included in that ten peso bill. ”