Joseph John Thomson

Name: Rays of Positive Electricity and Their Application to Chemical Analyses — On the Nature of X3 the Substance Giving The "3" Line
Author: Joseph John Thomson

Rays of Positive Electricity and Their Application to Chemical Analyses… (1913)

Summary

“Rays of Positive Electricity and Their Application to Chemical Analyses — On the Nature of X3 the Substance Giving The "3" Line”, published in 1913, is a work by Joseph John Thomson. It explores elements such as hydrogen, carbon and carbon atom.

Quotes from Rays of Positive Electricity and Their Application to Chemical Analyses… (Joseph John Thomson)

Joseph John Thomson, Rays of Positive Electricity and Their Application to Chemical Analyses… (1913)

“ The fact that sparking with oxygen destroys the X3, makes the removal of the hydrogen, which is by far the largest constituent of the mixture, a matter of considerable difificulty. The most effective way I know of increasing the proportion of X3 is first to remove the oxygen, then to put the mixture of H2 and X3 into a vessel to which a palladium tube is attached; when the palladium is heated to redness the hydrogen diffuses through it much more rapidly than the X3, though some of this gas can get through the palladium. ”

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Source: Wikisource

Joseph John Thomson, Rays of Positive Electricity and Their Application to Chemical Analyses… (1913)

“ In the absence of oxygen and copper oxide X3 may be heated to a high temperature without destruction. Summing up the results we see that when hydrogen is present in the substance bombarded a continuous supply of X3 can be obtained, while from substances which do not contain hydrogen the supply is soon exhausted. Again, under certain conditions such as exposure to bright light, vigorous sparking in the presence of oxygen, contact with glowing copper oxide, X3 combines with oxygen. ”

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Source: Wikisource

Joseph John Thomson, Rays of Positive Electricity and Their Application to Chemical Analyses… (1913)

“ If there were a line corresponding to the carbon atom with three charges, the ordinary carbon line would be prolonged until its distance from the vertical was only one-third of the normal distance, while a carbon atom with four charges would prolong the ordinary carbon line to within one-quarter of the distance from the axis. ”

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Source: Wikisource

Joseph John Thomson, Rays of Positive Electricity and Their Application to Chemical Analyses… (1913)

“ Bombardment by cathode rays is not the only method of obtaining X3. I heated by an electric current in a good vacuum a fine tantalum wire, such as are used for metallic filament lamps, until it fused and found that a considerable amount of X3 was given off. Some time ago I found that when the discharge from a Wehnelt cathode was sent through an exhausted tube X3 was liberated. I have found subsequently that It is not necessary to send the discharge through the tube, the heating of the cathode is sufficient to liberate this gas. ”

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Source: Wikisource

Joseph John Thomson, Rays of Positive Electricity and Their Application to Chemical Analyses… (1913)

“ We get more definite conditions for the bombarded body if we use soluble salts instead of pieces of metal or minerals. The latter may have absorbed X3 and contain stores of this gas in the absorbed state which are liberated when the solid is bombarded by cathode rays. If we could subject the solid before the bombardment to some process by which we could free it from absorbed gas we should expect that if the source of the X3 were gas absorbed by the solid, the bombardment of a substance which had been treated in this way would not give rise to any X3. ”

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Source: Wikisource

Joseph John Thomson, Rays of Positive Electricity and Their Application to Chemical Analyses… (1913)

“ Again the greater the charge the less the intensity, so that a line due to a quadruply charged carbon atom would be accompanied by a stronger line due to a triply charged atom, a still stronger one due to a doubly charged atom, while the normal carbon line would be the strongest of all. ”

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Source: Wikisource

Joseph John Thomson, Rays of Positive Electricity and Their Application to Chemical Analyses… (1913)

“ Again If a strong spark is sent through the mixture containing oxygen so that a vigorous explosion takes place the X3 disappears, presumably combining with the oxygen. If the oxygen is removed the mixture of hydrogen and X3 will stand a good deal of sparking without any considerable diminution in the amount of X3. ”

Joseph John Thomson

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Quotes from Rays of Positive Electricity and Their Application to Chemical Analyses… (Joseph John Thomson)

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