Marcus Jastrow

Name: A Dictionary of the Targumim, Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature
Author: Marcus Jastrow

Biographical details

Marcus Jastrow (1829-1903) published works such as Dewwyd, A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature and A Dictionary of the Targumim, Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature. These writings evoke Targumim, Yerushalmi and Midrashic.

Quotes by Marcus Jastrow

Marcus Jastrow, A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi… (1903)

“ The Jewish literature here spoken of is specifically indigenous, in which respect it is unlike the Syriac literature contemporary with it, which is mainly Christian, and as such was influenced, not only in thought but also in language, by the Greek and Latin tongues of the religious teachers of a people itself not free from foreign admixtures. Foreign influences came to Jewish literature merely through the ordinary channel of international intercourse. It is for this reason, if for no other, that the Jewish literature of post-Biblical days down to the ninth century may be called original. ”

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Source: Wikisource

Marcus Jastrow, A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi… (1903)

“ The Hebrew and Aramaic of the Talmudic period had little to learn from a people which after the close of the Talmudic era became the world's teacher.
The difficulties besetting the study of Talmud and Midrash will be overcome in the degree in which modern scholars will take it up for philological and archaeological purposes as adjuncts of those who are too much engrossed in its practical and doctrinal side to allow themselves time for what seems to them unessential. ”

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Source: Wikisource

Marcus Jastrow, Dewwyd

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Marcus Jastrow, A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi… (1903)

“ Short vowels, except in cases of heavy accumulations of consonants, are most frequently ignored. This omission of vowels, congenial as it is to the Semitic spirit, means a loss of soul to the Aryan words, and offers difficulties not easily overcome.
The laws of transliteration of Greek and Latin loanwords are exhaustively treated in Samuel Krauss, „Griechische und Lateinische Lehnwörter in Talmud, &c." (Berlin, S. Calvary & Co., 1898) . It is to be regretted that the proclivity to find Latin and Greek in words indisputably Semitic has led the author into a labyrinth of fatal errors. ”

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Source: Wikisource

Marcus Jastrow, A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi… (1903)

“ The enlargement of stems by the prefix ש‎ is well known in the Aramaic Shafel, but evidences of this same process are to be met with also in classical Hebrew. We have קוץ‎ and שקץ‎, מוץ‎ and שמץ‎, להב‎ and שלהבת‎, and many more. More frequent is the use of the prefix ת‎ for the formation of verbal nouns, as תְּ‏פִלָ‏ּ‏ה‎, תְּ‏רוּ‏מָ‏ה‎, &c. Such verbal nouns may again become the basis for the formation of nominal verbs, as התפלל‎, 'to pray', which only by a stretch of the imagination can be explained as a plain Hithpael. ”

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Source: Wikisource

Marcus Jastrow, A Dictionary of the Targumim, Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi… (1903)

“ Aboth, name of a treatise of the Mishnah, containing sayings of Talmudic authorities and belonging to the fourth section, נזיקין‎, of the Mishnah collection (משניות‎) ; also styled פִּ‏רְקֵי א׳‎ a. מְסֶ‏כֶ‏ת א׳‎. A similar collection of a later date is contained in Talmud Babli editions, named א׳ דרבי נתן‎ Aboth d'Rabbi Nathan. [Y. Yoma VIII, 44d top אב בית נפש‎ v. אֲבֵידָ‏ה‎.]
אָב‎ II ch., v אַ‏בָּ‏א‎.
אֵב‎, אֵיב‎ (אוֹ‏ב‎) m. (b. h.; אבב‎) swelling, spreading, whence 1) the young shoots of a tree, opp. to the branches growing directly from the trunk. B. Kam. ”

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Source: Wikisource

Marcus Jastrow, A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi… (1903)

“ Religion and ethics, exegesis and homiletics, jurisprudence and ceremonial laws, ritual and liturgy, philosophy and science, medicine and magics, astronomy and astrology, history and geography, commerce and trade, politics and social problems, all are represented there, and reflect the mental condition of the Jewish world in its seclusion from the outer world, as well as in its contact with the same whether in agreement or in opposition. ”

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Source: Wikisource

Marcus Jastrow, A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi… (1903)

“ The medieval Jewish commentators frankly admit their ignorance. Musafia, however, reads פרמא‎, maintaining that he had found it in some editions, and refers to Latin parma, explaining isp'risa as sparus, and translating, 'as the shield to the spear.' Ingenious, indeed! But on closer inspection this explanation is beset with intrinsic difficulties. To begin with, parma as shield does not appear in the Talmudic literature again, from which we may infer that it was not generally known to the Jews in their combats with the Romans. ”

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Source: Wikisource

Marcus Jastrow, A Dictionary of the Targumim, Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi… (1903)

“ Ib. 27a מי בעינן א׳‎ is it necessary that he must say, 'Acquire movable by dint of acquiring landed property'?—Pes. 113a כל א׳ גביא בעיא‎ every claim the legality of which rests on some additional circumstance (e. g. a loan collectible only on producing the note of indebtedness) requires collection (cannot be considered actual property until collected) .—Sabb. 116a א׳ כתוב הוא דקדוש‎ the parchment is sacred only on account of the sacred character of what is written on it.—Shebu. ”

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Source: Wikisource

Marcus Jastrow, A Dictionary of the Targumim, Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi… (1903)

“ Gen. R. s. 90.
*אֵבְרָנִי‎ m. (prob. fr. אֵבֶר‎; well-winged) name of a bird, prob. sea-mew. Yalk. Esth. 1054; (Esth. R. to III, 6 עוף‎) .
*אֲבַרְנִים‎ (?) (Pers., v. Fl. to Levy Talm. Dict. s. v., a. Lagarde Ges. Abh. vol. 23) half-done meat. Pes. 41a (explain. נָא‎ Ex. XII, 9) כדאמרי פרסאי א׳‎ (Yalk. Ex. 197 כד׳ אינשי‎) as the Persians say abarnim. [כדאמרי פרסאי‎ does not necessarily refer to the Persian language, cmp. דְּבִיר‎. Perh. our w. is a Hebrew expression known among Persian Jews, and a compound of אֵבֶר נִים‎ (=נעים‎, נאים‎) a tender piece. Cmp. בַּנָּאִים‎.] ”

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Source: Wikisource

Marcus Jastrow, A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi… (1903)

“ The Aramaic portions of the literature under treatment comprise both the eastern and the western dialects. [1] Owing to the close mental exchange between the Palestinian and the Babylonian Jews, these dialects are often found inextricably interwoven, and cannot be distinguished lexicographically.
The subjects of this literature are as unlimited as are the interests of the human mind. ”

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Source: Wikisource

Marcus Jastrow, A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi… (1903)

“ By the designation (Talmud) are meant Mishnah, Tosefta and G'mara of Talmud Babli and, eventually, Talmud Y'rushalmi. By (Mishnah and Tosefta) or (Mishnah, Tosefta, and Y'rushalmi) is meant a Talmudic treatise in the collection of Mishnah &c., to which no discussions in either G'mara or respectively in the Babylonian are extant. ”

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Source: Wikisource

Marcus Jastrow, A Dictionary of the Targumim, Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi… (1903)

“ Pl. אַבּוּרְגְּנֵי‎, אַבּרוּ׳‎ Erub. 62a בריאה במוהרקי וא׳‎ a lease of a court yard is called sound (legal and not merely a legal fiction) , if connected with the privilege of placing in the yard chairs and seats, [Rashi, cmp. Mishnah;—מוהרקי‎, obviously a corruption for גוהרקי‎ or גלופקרי‎, cmp. גמורקין‎.—Other explanations of our w., suggested by מוהרקי‎, v. s. v. מוה׳‎.] ”

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Source: Wikisource

Marcus Jastrow, A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi… (1903)

“ Furthermore, the sparus is a small hunting spear never used in battle to aim against the warrior's shield. As the entire passage in the Midrash quoted conveys the purpose of the interpreters to explain the Biblical text by means of a popular illustration, the Amora reported to have used this expression would have utterly missed his object, had he employed foreign and unfamiliar words, when he might have used plain words like כמגן לרומח‎, or their Aramaic equivalents. ”

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Source: Wikisource

Marcus Jastrow, A Dictionary of the Targumim, Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi… (1903)

“ Hithpa. הִתְאַבֵּל‎, Nithpa. נִתְאַבֵּל‎ to observe mourning ceremonies, to be bound to mourn, be an אָבֵל‎. M. Kat. 20b כל שמִתְאַבֵּל עליו מתא׳ עמו‎ over whom one is bound to mourn, with him he must mourn, i. e. one must share in the mourning ceremonies of a relation at whose death he would have to observe mourning;, a. ”

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Source: Wikisource

Marcus Jastrow, A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi… (1903)

“ The Latin semita, which since Musafia has been adopted as the origin of simṭa, offers hardly more than an assonance of consonants: a footpath cannot, except by a great stretch, be forced into the meaning of a market stand ”

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Source: Wikisource

Marcus Jastrow, A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi… (1903)

“ In connection with this noun formation it may not be out of place to note that Ithpaal or Ithpeel nouns sometimes drop the initial Aleph, in which case they may resume the regular order of consonants, which is inverted in the verb. Thus טצדקא‎ (M'naḥoth 41a) is formed from אצטדק‎, the Ithpaal of צדק‎, 'to justify one's self (compare Genesis XLIV, 16) , and means justification, excuse. ”

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Source: Wikisource

Marcus Jastrow, A Dictionary of the Targumim, Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi… (1903)

“ Peah VI, 10 א׳ השום‎ stalks of garlic plant used for tying bunches; [oth. opin. bunches of garlic on one stalk] , opp. to אגודות‎ tied bunches. [Tosef. ib. III, 8 אוגוּרֵי‎ ed. Zuck., piles of garlic, v. אֵגוֹר‎.] ”

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Source: Wikisource

Marcus Jastrow, A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi… (1903)

“ Be this as it may, the Talmudic Hebrew and the Aramaic possess such intensive suffixes. פרכס‎ belongs to פרך‎, 'to crush, grind, scrape', and the various significations of this enlarged stem and its derivatives can easily be traced back to the fundamental meaning (see Dict. s. v. פרכס‎ I and II) . Only to one derivative of פרכס‎ reference may here be made. אפרכסת‎ is 'the grinder', i. e. ”

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Source: Wikisource

Marcus Jastrow, A Dictionary of the Targumim, Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi… (1903)

“ Zuck., v. אֲגוּדָּה‎.
אגדו‎, אגדון‎, v. אִגְּרוּ‎.
אגדיס‎, v. הָגְדָּס‎.
אֶגְדִּיקוֹס‎ (אֶגְדִּיקָס‎, popular corrupt. אנד׳‎, cmp. אֶנְדִּיסְקֵי‎) m. (ecdicus=cognitor sive defensor civitatis, esp. in Asia Minor) state's agent, syndic. Gen. R. s. 12 א׳ ממונה על ביא שלה‎ (ed. אנד׳‎; בית שלו‎, corr. acc.) when an ecdicns is in the country, he holds the authority over the public road (curator viæ, v. בִּיָּא‎) . Yalk. Ps. 794 (a. Ar.) ”

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Source: Wikisource

Marcus Jastrow, A Dictionary of the Targumim, Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi… (1903)

“ D. S. a. l.) , an Amora.
אַבְטוֹמְטוֹס‎ m. (αὐτόματος) self-moving, self-growing, spontaneous. Midr. Till, to Ps. I, 5 האומרים א׳ הוא העולם‎ Mus. (ed. טומטום‎, corr. ace.) who say the universe is a self-moving power (has no creator) . ”

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Marcus Jastrow, A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi… (1903)

“ B'resh.=B'reshith (name of a pericope) .
B'shall.=B'shallaḥ (name of a pericope) .
c.=common gender.
Cant.=Canticum (Song of Songs) .
Cant. B.=Canticum Rabbah (Midrash Shir hash-Shirim or Ḥazitha) . ”

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Source: Wikisource

Marcus Jastrow, A Dictionary of the Targumim, Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi… (1903)

“ V. קִיצּוּעַ‎.
*אַבְרְיָיאָה‎ Pl. fem. אַבְרָיָיתָא‎ (v. בַּר‎ II) lit. outside places, hence villages, cottages. Y. Ber. VI, 10a [Comment. 'to take refreshments' , v. אִיבְרָיָיא‎] . [אברייאה‎ Cant. R. to II, 14, read אִיגָּרַיָיה‎, v. אִיגָּר‎.] ”

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Source: Wikisource

Marcus Jastrow, A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi… (1903)

“ What is more, we have been familiarized with the philosophical impartiality and sober superiority with which they appreciated what was laudable and reprehended what was objectionable in the intellectual and moral condition of the 'nations of the world', as they called the gentile world around them ”

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Source: Wikisource

Marcus Jastrow, A Dictionary of the Targumim, Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi… (1903)

“ Ib. 4a זה המְאַבֵּד וכ׳‎ one who destroys what is given to him.—א׳ עצמו לדעת‎ to commit suicide wilfully. Gen. R. s. 82; a. fr.—2) to drop from memory, to forget. Aboth V, 12; a. e.
אֲבַד‎ ch. to be lost. Targ. I Sam. IX, 3; a. fr.—Snh. 111a; a. fr.— Y. Pes. IX, 37a וכאָבִיד הוא‎ it is to be looked upon as lost.
Pa. אַבַּד‎ to destroy. Targ. II Kings, XIX, 18; a. fr.
Af. אוֹבֵד‎, אוֹבֵיד‎ l) =Pa. Targ. Deut. XXVI, 5; a. fr.—Y. Kid. III, 64c bot. אובדתא חיין וכ׳‎ thou hast ruined this man's (my) life. Gen. R. s. 56 אובדת ליבך‎ thou hast lost thy wits; a. fr.—2) to be lost, to go to ruin. ”

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Source: Wikisource

Marcus Jastrow, A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi… (1903)

“ Another טצדקא‎ is formed from the root סדק‎, and means split, breaking through, damage (Baba Kamma 56a) . טצהר‎ (Giṭṭin 86a) is an Ithpeel noun of צהר‎ (=זהר‎) , and means a shining white spot, a suspicious symptom of leprosy; and, indeed, Alfasi reads צהר‎. [6] The Mandaic dialect offers analogies to these formations (see Noeldeke, Mand. Gramm. § 48, sq.) . ”

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Source: Wikisource

Marcus Jastrow, A Dictionary of the Targumim, Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi… (1903)

“ Abnimos, Nimos, a gentile philosopher, friend of R. Meïr [prob. identical with the cynic philosopher Oenomaus of Gadara] . Gen. R. s. 65; a. e. א׳ הגרדי‎. Ḥag. 15b נ׳ הגרדי‎.
*אבניתא‎ Targ. Y. II Deut. XIV, 18, read with Y. I אֻכְמְתָא‎, v. אוּכְ׳‎.
אֲבַנְתָּא‎, אוֹבַנְתָּא‎ f. (בא׳ דל׳ תלי‎) understanding, speculation. Meg. 24b באוב׳‎ (Ms. M. באו׳ דל׳ תלי‎) it depends on the speculative faculty (not on the physical sight) . Ab. Zar. 28b בליבא תליא‎ (Ms. M. ‎, cmp. Tosaf. a. l.) an affection of the eye-sight is connected with (has influence on) the mental faculties ”

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Source: Wikisource

Marcus Jastrow, A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi… (1903)

“ It should be said, however, that this is one of the worst corruptions the author has met with.
Another class of corruptions owes its existence to the natural tendency to adapt foreign words to the organic peculiarities of the people. ”

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Marcus Jastrow, A Dictionary of the Targumim, Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi… (1903)

“ IX, 13a.
אָבַךְ‎ (b. h., √אב‎, cmp. אבק‎; עב‎) to entangle. Hithp. הִתְאַבֵּךְ‎ to blend (of whirling smoke columns) . Pesik. R. s. 29—30.
*אַבָּכָא‎ m. (Syr., P. Sm. 15; v. foreg., cmp. b. h. אָבַק‎) the fighter, whence large cock. Targ. Prov.XXX, 31; cmp. זַרְזִיר‎ (Var. אַכָּבָא‎, Ms. אַבְּרָא‎) .
אֲבָל‎ (b. h.) 1) indeed, yes. Tosef. Erub. V (IV) , 1 אמרו לו א׳‎ said they to him, yes (we admit) . Erub. 30b top. Nid. 3b; a. e.—Gen. R. s. 91 לשון דרומית וכ׳‎ it is a South Palestine expression where ăbal means bram, v. ”

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Marcus Jastrow, A Dictionary of the Targumim, Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi… (1903)

“ Job XXXIX, 29.
אֵבֶר‎, (אֵיבֶר‎) m. b. h. wing, v. אָבַר‎; cmp. כַּף‎, כָּנָף‎) 1) limb, part.—א׳ מן החי‎ a part cut off from a living animal. Ḥull. 101b; a. fr.—2) membrum genitale. Snh. 107a. Y. Keth. V, 30b.—3) town quarter, projecting outskirts (v. אָבַר‎ Pi. 2) .—א׳ א׳‎ limb by limb; piecemeal. Sabb. 40a. Y Yoma VI, 43d bot. Koh. R. to X, 15.—Pl. אֵבָרִים‎, אֵיבָרִים‎, אֵיבָרִין‎ limbs, parts (of an animal) . Shek. VII, 3 meat found אי׳‎ in entire limbs (opp. חתיכות‎ cut slices) . Sabb. 82b אינה מטמאה לא׳‎. Ms, M. (ed. אינה לא׳‎) does not make unclean when dismembered. Kel. ”

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Marcus Jastrow, A Dictionary of the Targumim, Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi… (1903)

“ Yoma 20b (prov.) א׳ לחרי וכ׳‎ a flute is musical to nobles—give it to weavers, they will not accept it (fools criticise where sages admire) . Succ. 50b—Pl. אַבּוּבִין‎. Targ. Jerem. XLVIII, 36; a. fr. ”

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Marcus Jastrow, A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi… (1903)

“ Maas. Sh.=Maʿăser Sheni (Mishnah, Tosefta, and Talmud Y'rushalmi) .
Maasr.=Maʿasroth (Mishnah, Tosefta, and Talmud Y'rushalmi) .
Macc.=Maccoth, Makkoth (Talmud) .
Maim.=Maimonides.
Makhsh.=Makhshirin (Mishnah and
Tosefta) .
Mal.=Malachi, Book of.
marg. vers.=marginal version.
Mass.=Massekheth (Treatise) .
Mat. K.=Matt'noth K'hunnah (commentary to Midrash Rabbah) .
M'bo=Frankel, Introductio in Talmud Hierosolymitanum. Breslau 1870 (Hebrew) .
Meg.=M'gillah (Talmud) .
Meil.=M'ʿilah (Talmud) .
Mekh.=M'khilta (a Midrash to portions of Exodus) .
Men.=M'naḥoth (Talmud) . ”

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Marcus Jastrow, A Dictionary of the Targumim, Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi… (1903)

“ B. Mets 86b (expl. ăbusim, I Kings V, 3) שאוֹבְסִין אותן בע״כ‎) which people fatten with force. Ib. שא׳ ועומדין וכ׳‎ that stand feeding as they please. Sabb. XXIV, 3 (155b) אין אובסין וכ׳‎ you must not (on the Sabbath) stuff the camel; expl. ib. you must not make אֵבוס בתוך וכ׳‎ a manger of her stomach (fill up to swelling) ; a. fr.—Part. pass. אָבוּס‎ (=שׁוֹר‎) . ”

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Marcus Jastrow, A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi… (1903)

“ The ‎meaning ‎of ‎בר ‎in ‎compounds ‎is ‎generally ‎the ‎same ‎as ‎of ‎בן ‎a. ‎בעל, ‎e. ‎g. ‎אולפן ‎ב׳ ‎a ‎scholar, ‎אמודאי ‎ב׳ ‎a ‎diver, ‎שטיא ‎ב׳ ‎a ‎maniac, ‎דעת ‎ב׳ ‎a ‎rational ‎being. ‎רב ‎בי ‎בר, ‎v. ”

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Source: Wikisource

Marcus Jastrow, A Dictionary of the Targumim, Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi… (1903)

“ Ex. R. s. 46 end המגדל אב‎ the educator is the real father. Lev. R. s. 1 אבי החכמה וכ׳‎, the father of all wisdom, . . the father of prophets. Y. Ned. V, 39b; a. fr.—אב בית דין‎ (abbr. אב״ד‎) president of the Court (Great Sanhedrin) , next in dignity to the Nassi. Taan. ”

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Source: Wikisource

Marcus Jastrow, A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi… (1903)

“ Darkhe Mish.=Frankel, Hodegetica in Mishnam, Leipzig 1859 (Hebrew) .
def.=defining or definition.
Del.=Delitzsch, Friedrich.
Del. Assyr. Handw.=Delitzsch Assyrisches Handwörterbuch, Leipzig 1896.
Del. Proleg.=Delitzsch Prolegomena einesneuen Hebräisch-Aramäischen Wörterbuchs &c.
Dem.=D'mai (Mishnah, Tosefta a. Y'rushalmi) .
denom.=denominative.
Der. Er.=Derekh Erets (Ethics, a late Talmudic treatise, Rabbah [the great] , Zuta [the small] ) .
Deut.=Deuteronomy, Book of.
Deut. B.=Deuteronomy Rabbah (Midrash Rabbah to Deut.) .
diff.
differ. ”

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Source: Wikisource

Marcus Jastrow, A Dictionary of the Targumim, Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi… (1903)

“ I, 18d top זימנא דא׳ וכ׳‎ the season of ripening has not yet come. [Y. Maasr. V, 52a אביבא דפילא‎, read אַרְכּוּבָא‎.] — Pl. (adj.) אַבִּיבִין‎, אָבִי׳‎. Targ. O. Ex. IX, 31 (ed. Berl. sing.) .
אֲבֵידָה‎, אֲבֵדָה‎ f. (b.h. אֲבֵדָה‎; אבד‎) 1) lost or missed object. שומר א׳‎ the keeper of a lost object waiting for its owner to claim it B. Mets. 29a ; a. fr.—בעל א׳‎ the owner of the lost thing. Kid. 2b בעל א׳ מחזיר וכ׳‎ the owner hunts for what he has lost, i. e. man woos woman (allud. to Gen. II, 21) ; a. ”

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Marcus Jastrow, A Dictionary of the Targumim, Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi… (1903)

“ H., Oxf. &c. (Ms. M. איגרא‎, ed. אגרא‎, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note) who carry a burden on a yoke. Bets. 30a (v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 3) ; Sabb. 148a Ms. M. marg. אגרתא‎! (v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 6) . V. תִּגְדָּא‎. ”

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Marcus Jastrow, A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi… (1903)

“ Num. R. s. 22 (prov.) into a well out of which you drank אל תזרוק בו א׳‎ cast no stone.—א׳ טובה‎ jewel. B. Bath. 16b; a. fr. Pl. אֲבָנִים‎, const. אַבְנֵי‎. Gen. R. s. 68 שנים עשרה א׳‎ Ib. אם מתאחות הן שלשה א׳‎ (read שלש‎) if these three stones shall grow into one; a. fr.
Compounds and combinations: בית א׳‎ Stone Chamber, name of a Temple compartment. Parah III, 1.—א׳ גליון‎, v. אָוֶן‎.—א׳ הטועים‎ (א׳ הטועין‎, א׳ טוען‎, v. טָעָה‎) Stone of Losers (Claims) , a place in Jerusalem where lost and found things were deposited and claimed. Taan. ”

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Marcus Jastrow, A Dictionary of the Targumim, Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi… (1903)

“ Targ. Lam. II, 5; v. אֶבְלוּ‎ — M. Kat, 20b באפה נהוג א׳‎ in her (thy wife's) presence observe mourning (when she is in mourning) .
אֲבֵילוּת‎ f. (אבל‎) mourning time, mourning ceremonies. M. Kat. 20a sq. א׳ שבעה‎ the mourning time is seven days. Ib. 24a אין א׳ בשבת‎ no mourning ceremonies are to be observed on &c. Yeb. 43b א׳ חדשה‎ recent (i. e. individual) mourning, in contrad. to א׳ ישנה‎ mourning over Jerusalem. ”

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Marcus Jastrow, A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi… (1903)

“ Y. ‎Ned. ‎XI, ‎end, ‎42d ‎פיתני ‎שלי ‎הביאם ‎ (בהסכ) my ‎stable-man ‎ (a ‎gentile) ‎has ‎seduced ‎me. ‎Ib. ‎אוסר ‎הביאם ‎אין ‎ (not ‎אסור) ‎ (do ‎you ‎believe) ‎the ‎stable-man's ‎connection ‎with ‎thee ‎has ‎no ‎restrictive ‎consequences? ”

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Marcus Jastrow, A Dictionary of the Targumim, Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi… (1903)

“ M. (ed. בכו לאבילים‎) weep for the losers, but not for the lost (deceased) . — 2) loss, decrease. אֲבֵידַת נפש‎ decrease of physical strength. Yoma 74b.— (Y. ib. VIII, 44d top אב בית‎ readאבידת‎) .
אֲבֵידָן‎ m. (אבד‎; cacophemism for וַועֲדָא‎ q. v.) , בֵּי א׳‎=בֵּי וַועֲדָו‎) prop. their place of ruin, cacophemism for meeting-place, gathering for idolatrous purposes and performances connected with idolatrous feasts (games, &c.) ”

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Marcus Jastrow, A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi… (1903)

“ Oth. ‎opin., ‎taking ‎אסיסנא ‎fr. ‎אסס, ‎cmp. ‎אשש, ‎Iwould ‎establish ‎ (build) ‎palaces. ‎Oth. ‎opin., ‎reading ‎אסנא ‎or ‎taking ‎our ‎w. ‎to ‎beyאנא, ‎at ‎the ‎sea- ‎shore ‎thorn-bushes ‎ (a ‎thorn-bush) ‎pass (es) ‎for ‎cypresses ‎ (a ‎cypress) ”

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Marcus Jastrow, A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi… (1903)

“ The ‎Jewish ‎legend ‎relating ‎the ‎meeting ‎of ‎Alexander ‎the ‎Great ‎with ‎the ‎Amaצons ‎seems ‎to ‎point ‎to ‎Africa, ‎v. ‎קרטגינא) .
‎חשכא‎ ‎ch. ‎same. ‎Targ. ‎Ps. ‎XVIII, ‎29 ‎ (Ms. ‎חבריא, ‎v. ‎הבירא) ; ‎Targ ‎II ‎Sam ‎XXII, ‎29 ‎ (ed. ‎Lag. ‎השוכא) . ‎Targ. ‎Ps. ‎LXXXVIII, ‎13 ‎השך, ‎constr. ‎ (Ms. ‎חשוך) . ‎- ‎V. ‎חשכותא.
‎חשכה‎, ‎v. ‎חשיכה.
‎חשכותא‎ ‎f. ‎ (preced. ‎wds.) ‎dimness, ‎darkness. ‎Targ. ‎O. ‎Deut. ‎XXVIII, ‎65 ‎ (ed. ‎Vien. ‎חשכת) . ”

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