Unknown

“ Against kernels, mingle a piece of goat’s dung with honey; smear therewith; [it] will soon be better. Against thigh-pains, knead thoroughly a piece of goat’s dung so that it be as it were a salve, and smear the thighs therewith: they will soon be whole. Against swellings a piece of goat’s dung; smear the swellings therewith: it drives them away and cures them and brings about that they do not rise again. Against spasms, mingle a piece of goat’s dung with vinegar, and smear therewith: it cures the sore. A goat’s gall, drunk in wine, removes women’s afterbirth for them, and cures them. ”

“ In order that a woman may give birth to a male child, a hare’s belly dried and cut into slices or rubbed into a drink: let them both (man and wife) drink [it] ; if the wife alone drinks it, then she will give birth to an hermaphrodite, that is as naught, neither man nor woman. Again for the same, after her cleansing, give the woman a hare’s testicles to drink in wine: then will she conceive a male child. In order that the teeth of children may grow without sore, a hare’s brain boiled ”

“ Against any spot, to take it from the body, take ivory pounded with honey and applied: it removes the spots wonderfully. Against all sores, if thou in the early part of summer takest for food any whelp, being then still blind, thou shalt not feel any sore. To make teeth grow without pain, a hound’s molar tooth burnt and rubbed small and applied extinguishes swellings of tooth-rooms. ”

“ A well-known peculiarity of ME. is to be noticed here. The forms of the substantives and adjectives show some confusion when compared to the OE. declensions. By the side of the full inflexions, which are generally preserved, we meet not infrequently with reduced ones and they are sometimes dropped altogether. The cases in which a full ending is used where no such ending occurs in OE. are rare.
20. As in other e ME. mss. the distinction between the dative and the accusative singular is particularly difficult after the prepositions which govern both cases, as wið and mid. ”

“ If anything of evil has been done to any one so that he may not enjoy his sexual lusts, let him boil a badger’s testicles in running spring-water and in honey and let him take it then fasting for three days ”

“ The one may be admitted as well as the other when there is no difference of form between the two, viz. in the ā stems, in the i stems with an originally short root-syllable, or in the weak declensions. However as in the majority of cases where the distinction is possible the dative is certainly used, I admit it wherever a clear accusative form does not occur. In one case, viz. Wið earena sar ⁊ sweȝe 1422 I am tempted to understand the uninflected sar as a dative, for sweȝe cannot possibly be an accusative. ”

“ «In the name of the living God I take the as a leechdom»; then in whatever conflict or fight thou shalt be [thou shalt be] victorious, and thou shalt do well in it if thou hast the foot with thee. With its suet smear the horses which are in a fever or in any ailment; it shall retire from [them] and the hour of life shall be prolonged to them, and though it be a great ailment, it shall quickly depart away. Mingle its blood with a little salt for horses and mules and any foor-footed beast which are struggling with pestilence, or with any evil ”

“ Against erysipelas take a goat’s horn and lay it to the fire so that it may burn at the fire; then remove the incrustations to a new vessel; then pound them thoroughly along with sharp acid; apply [them] to the erysipelatous eruptions, till they be whole. ”

“ Phonetics) , the no less frequent occurrence of æ̂ (cf. ibid.) the monophthongization of ea into e in ȝellen 1427, ȝellan 228 and scellan 2212, of ēa into ē in sced 2211 [24] are, in fact, clearly West-Saxon. However some pecularities which are not characteristic of WS. but which cannot be considered as belonging exclusively to other dialects make the borderland between the West-Saxon (WS.) and Anglian (A.) –or Kentish (K.) –territories a more probable place of origin.
10. The addition of h initially before a vowel is not uncommon in all Southern texts. ”

“ However it has been thought useless to reproduce all its features and principally its obvious mistakes where they offer no linguistic interest. Thus wriꝥ 615 has been mormalized into wriþ and lœcecrœftef 29, where the two œs evidently represent æ and where the second f can only stand for s has been replaced by læcecræftes. Yet, with the exception of the sign œ which has been silently normalized into æ wherever it occurs [3] , I have never ventured to correct a word without mentioning it in its incorrect form in the footnotes, the form substituted being always that of ms. ”

“ With regard to the dates to which the mss. may be ascribed, the date about 1050 given by Cockayne [16] for V seems fairly correct and there is apparently no reason either to dispute the other dates given by him [17] , viz. about the same date for B and a little later for H. Ms. 0, on the other hand, though preserving many characteristics of OE. [18] , can safely be ascribed to about a century later. ”

“ There are frequent cases of weakening and confusion of the unaccented syllables, cf. p. XXVI;
20. OE. y, whether «fast» or «unfast», is often represented by u: fot-swulan 125, blod-rune 146 1411, hure 826, cuse 1613 1615 1616–also ylcan 103;
30. OE. æ is often preserved, but a is also frequently substituted. The phonetics shows examples þas, habbe etc.;
40. The vocalism of leuiende 221 is ME. ”

“ Add to these some cases of metathesis: swȳrðanan for swyðran 220, and nosþrul 1612;
β) grammatical associations.–receles for recelses 128 may imply a tendency to understand recels as a gs.; in hring-fingrum 65 the scribe must have erroneously understood the plural to be meant; in spiwan 208 we have a case of substitution of the verb to the substantive; in sceþþes (3d pers. sing.) ”

“ In the margins, however, the distinction has not been preserved. ↑ My object being not to make critical a text of the Medicina, but to being out the characteristic point of its early ME. form, I abstain from including here the lists of readings from mss. V, B, and H which I have drawn up. ↑ Vol. I, p. 326 ff. I refer the reader to the preface of that work for particulars about the Latin source and the English mss. older than O, as also about our knowledge of the remedies, charms, and superstitions used among the ancients. ”

“ O with that given by other mss. lies outside the scope of the present work. [12] It may be of interest, however, to those acquainted with the Medicina as it is printed in Cockayne’s Saxon Leechdoms [13] , to have an idea of the chief differences between ms. O and ms. V on the one hand, and mss. B and H on the other.
Unlike the Herbarium, the Medicina is transcribed in ms. ”

“ In one case we find the sign // used twice to show inversion of order: //fexe //feallendum 1219. The same sign also occurs sometimes in the text either in black or in red, to refer to a word added in the margin, f. i. above egypetâ 23, king and rex being written in the margin (the latter twice) , and after wriþ 615, on being written in the margin.
The glosses and minor pecularities will be found either in the text or in the notes. ”

“ I may add here that in that preface Cockayne expressed the opinion that ms. O, which he had not thought it fit to collate through, might some day be printed in full as a contribution to the history of the English language. ↑ cf. note to p. 84. ↑ See p. 2221 for a case in which, on the contrary, a few lines are erroneously omitted by V. ↑ l. c. p. LXXIX. ↑ l. c. p. LXXXIV. ↑ See under § 5 p. XIX. ↑ It is true that spellings in u occur in the word even as early as the 11th century (HES. § 589) . ↑ cf. s. v. under a) . The Περὶ διδάξεων is here dated 1200–25. ”

“ Wið. ↑ ms. on on. ↑ ms. a wecceð s. ↑ ms. ȝemanen? ↑ ms. earfoðu. ↑ ms. ȝebræde. ↑ ms. wirtan. ↑ ms. to by brycþ. ↑ ms. aȝe. ↑ The words wið nearwe sworetunge written again partly in the margin and partly (on top of a page) above the words wine ȝedon. ↑ ms. wundelice. ↑ ms. þam. ↑ ms. to ti wid þingun. ↑ ms. ȝedrupe ⁊ ȝemylted. ↑ ms. þan. ↑ ms. smu smire. ”

“ Notes.–a) u in wul 201, (wulle 243 is due to the w and corresponds to the y in late WS. wyle. Notice also ylcan 103 and cyld 1227.
b) toþ-rima appears with the two vocalisms eo, ea: toðreomera (for reomena) 2222, teþ (for toþ) -reaman 142. Prof. Napier suggests to me that while the former represents an o mutation of i (Bülbr. § 235 & 237) , the latter is to be compared to seripteáro as against téoru (Siev. § 43, 2) , bearing a secondary accent. Another hypothesis proposed by the same authority is that reaman is perhaps due to confusion with rēoma, rēama = membrane. ”

“ OE. ǣ representing i mutation of Germ. ai is preserved as ǣ: æniȝe 41, æniȝun 44 614, ȝehæled 410, ær 62, dæle 616, clænsunge 1226. However by-forms in ā are not rare: ar 820, haled 1012, alcen 44, clane 621 and ȝeclansod 623 show the vocalism of the adverb clāne. ”

“ OE. l is preserved: hælo 24, læcecræftef (for læcecræftes) 29.
20. We sometimes find ll written for l: till 424, wulle 243.
§ 24. r.
OE. r remains unchanged: rammes 1810, earane 104.
Note.–On the substitution of y for r cf. Spelling p. XVII.
Nasals.
§ 25. m.
10. OE. m generally remains unchanged: man 217, fremeð 421.
20. m and mm are used indifferently in the same word: wommas 2216, womas 2218.
Note.–Besides the cases in which m with inflexional value is represented by n (alcen, niwen etc., cf. Accidence) , final n also occurs sometimes for m. cf. Spelling p. ”

“ OE. «unfast» i repres. by u: smure and smura, herþbuliȝes, hure. Add fuþer-fæte.
OE. «fast» y repres. by u: drupe and ȝedrupe, druppe, curnlu, fot-swulan, swulas, grutta, pule, fulfune.
OE. ǣ repres. by by-form in ā: alcen. ”

“ Nim þanne þane *swyþran [13] fot ðone furþran [14] þisssun worde ⁊ þus cwed: On nama þas leuiende godes ic þe nime lacedome. Þanne on [swa] ȝehwẏlce ȝeflite oꝥꝥ ȝefeohte swa þu bẏst *siȝefæst, [15] ⁊ þu ꝥ ȝediȝest ȝif þu þane fot mid þe hafast. Mid his ȝelẏnde smure ða hors þe sinde on fefore oꝥꝥ on æniȝe adle; heo [him] fram ahyldeþ ⁊ life tyd hẏm ofer bẏð, ⁊ þeah hit micel adle sẏ, raðe heo aweȝ ȝewyteþ. Meng his blod wið litel sealte horsa ⁊ mule ⁊ alcen fuþer-fæte neate þe on wole winnon oꝥꝥ on æniȝun ẏfele, do ðurh horn on muþe æfter [16] þas deores mihte ⁊ efne embe [17] ðreo niht ”

“ Wið wearras ⁊ wið swulas blac rammes *wul [120] on wæte ȝedifed ⁊ æfter [121] þan on ele ⁊ siððan aled on ꝥ sara stowe: ꝥ sar heo onweȝ afyrred ⁊ ȝẏf hit byð mid ȝereced þa toslitena [122] wunda heo forþricceð. Þa wearres ⁊ *þa [123] swẏlas ðe beoþ on manes handum oþþe on oþrum lime oþþer embe þana utgang smure mid þan wætan þe druppe of *healfsodenre [124] rammes lungene: raðe heo hiȝ onweȝ afirreð. Wið wund-sprinȝum on anwlitan rammes lungane smæl tocorfan ⁊ to ðan sare ȝeled: sona hit ȝehaleð. ”

“ To þan ꝥ wẏf cenne wæpned cẏld hara hrif [81] ȝedriȝed ⁊ *ȝesceafen [82] oððer [83] ȝecniden on drinc drincen butu; ȝẏf ꝥ wif ane hit [84] drinceð, þanne cenþ heo androȝinem: [Cock. p. 346] ne byð ꝥ to nahte, naþer ne [85] wer ne wif. Eft to þan ẏlcan hara sceallan wife *æfter [86] hẏre clænsunge sile on wine drincan: þan cenþ heo wæpned cyld. Wid ꝥ cẏldum butan sare teþ wexan hara bræven ȝesodan ȝegnid *ȝelome [87] mid þa *toð *reoman: [88] hi byð clane ⁊ unsare. Wið wambe-wræce [89] *nim [90] haran helan, ber on þine hed-claðe: wunderlice [91] hit hæled. ”

“ Wið herþena sare ⁊culli ⁊ ueretri *teorses [130] bares braȝen meng wið huniȝ ⁊ wryþ on: wunderlice hit hæled. Wið innepes flewsan *niwe [131] bares lifere ⁊ swetre apuldure rinde wul tosomne on wine ȝemenged ⁊ drince: raðe se flewsa [132] fram hẏm ȝewiteð. Gif earan sin innan sara ⁊ þar *wẏrms [133] sẏ on do þa ẏlcan sealfe: heo ẏs swiðe god. To þam weres willan to ȝefremmenne nẏme bares ȝeallan ⁊ smira mid þane *teors [134] ⁊ þa herðan: þanead caducos hafað he micelne lust. Wið fẏlle-seocum men bares ȝeallen wirc to drence on wine oþþer on wætere: se drenc hine [Cock. p. 360] ȝehaled. ”

“ Wið earane sare eft nim þa ẏlcan sealfe hlutre, drupe on þat eare: wunderlice hyt hæled. Wið miltan sare foxes lungane on hæte æsca *ȝesoden [61] ⁊ ȝecnucod ⁊ to drence ȝedon: þa miltan hit wunderlice ȝehæled; swa deþ his lifer ꝥ ẏlcan. Wið *weartan [62] nim foxes sceallen, ȝecnid swiþe oft þar-mid þa weartan: hraþe hẏt hi tobrẏcþ [63] ⁊ *on *weȝ [64] deþ. Wið nearwe sworetunga [65] foxes lungane ȝesoden ⁊ on swetan wine ȝedon ⁊ ȝeseald: *wunderlice [66] hit haled. Wið sare curnlu foxes sceallen ȝenim ⁊ ȝegnid mid ȝelome: hraðe hẏ bẏd hæle. ”

“ M
[mā adv. more 1619.]
mæȝ pret. p. may, have power 3d. s. 1414; opt. 3d. s. maȝe 424; 3d. pl. mæȝen 215; pret. 3d. s. mihte 624.
mæȝen n. virtue, power gs. mæȝnes [26] ; as. 82; gpl. mæȝena [25.]
mæniȝ adj. many dpl. mæneȝa 25.
man noun indef. one, a man ns. ”

“ Strong Weak Pr. p. Pp. Pr. p. Pr. ind. Opt. Pp. Neuter Fem. Masc. Neuter Sing. Sing. Sing. Plur. D. Sing. D. Sing. G. Sing. D. plur. 3d. pers. 3d. pers. Masc. Fem. Fem. in e: in e: in -e: in e: in -æð: ȝestyllæð in -æ: habbæ [5] A. in ( ) : A. in ( ) : A. in ( ) : hyrnende healfe sodene [6] leuiende fastende -aþ: acwellaþ in -an: habban [5] ȝebærned ȝemenged ȝemenged
Verbs in -mi. ”

“ W
wæcce f. sleeplessness as. wæccen 1611.
ȝewæ̂ȝe n. weight is. 84.
wæ̂pned adj. male as. 1222 1227.
wæ̂t n. water as. wæte 1810.
wæ̂ta m. wet ds. wætan 1815– (ewil) humour as. wætan 83 1613 1620. ”