Frankincense

Definition and stakes

Lewis Tonna Dibdin and George Christopher Molesworth Birdwood,  1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, Volume 14… (1911)

“ In the Avesta (Vendidad, Fargard xix. 24, 40) , the incense they used is named vohu gaono. It has been identified with benzoin, but was probably frankincense. Herodotus (iii. 97) states that the Arabs brought every year to Darius as tribute 1000 talents of frankincense. The Parsees still preserve in western India the pure tradition of the ritual of incense as followed by their race from probably the most ancient times.
The Ramayana and Mahabharata afford evidence of the employment of incense by the Hindus, in the worship of the gods and the burning of the dead, from the remotest antiquity.
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Source: Wikisource

the Elder Pliny,  The Natural History of Pliny, Volume 3…

“ Some persons, again, are of opinion that the male frankincense has been so called from its resemblance516 to the testes of the male. The incense, however, that is the most esteemed of all is that which is mammose, or breast-shaped, and is produced when one drop has stopped short, and another, following close upon it, has adhered, and united with it. ”
Source: Gutenberg

Francis Henry Butler,  1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, Volume 11… (1911)

“ The young trees, he states, furnish the most valuable gum, the older yielding merely a clear glutinous fluid resembling copal varnish. [6] To obtain the frankincense a deep incision is made in the trunk of the tree, and below it a narrow strip of bark 5 in. in length is peeled off. When the milk-like juice (“spuma pinguis,” Pliny) which exudes has hardened by exposure to the atmosphere, the incision is deepened. In about three months the resin has attained the required degree of consistency. The season for gathering lasts from May until the first rains in September. ”
Source: Wikisource

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