Scrotum

“ After putting the patient in a convenient posture, we must lay hold of the scrotum and push the cremaster to the under part; it is easily distinguished from the vessels, being more slender, firmer, and elastic, as being strong and firm; the patient also feels pain upon pressure, and moreover it is connected with the penis. Having secured the vessels in the scrotum by our own fingers and those of our assistant, and stretching them strongly, we press obliquely the point of a scalpel direct upon the vessels ”

“ Abnormal size of the upper ring through which a part of the
intestines or its connecting membrane descends into and through the
canal leading from the abdomen to the scrotal cavity. There is little
danger of strangulation from this form of rupture which may occur at
birth and disappear with age. A careful examination should therefore be
made of the scrotum before castration.
SYMPTOMS: In most cases, this condition is easily detected. The scrotum
will be somewhat enlarged. Sometimes the intestines will become
strangulated and colicky symptoms appear. ”

“ Moreover, what they say of the flowers of the almond tree, does not seem to agree with the things they mean by them: for they are not, strictly speaking, white, but of a purplish cast. Thus far concerning the senses: let us proceed to the remaining part.
The scrotal rupture is a disease common to persons far advanced in years; whether it be formed by the intestine or omentum slipping down into the scrotum, or proceed from a humor distending that part. In either case the part is tumefied. This pernicious disease the Preacher thought [51] proper to compare to a grasshopper. ”

“ However, as to the first difference in Men, where he says, ‘the Similitude of a Woman’s Parts is sometimes in the Scrotum.’—The first Notion we can form of it is, that here is a Man perfect in the Parts proper to him; besides which the Likeness of the Parts of a Woman in the Scrotum. Now whenever any thing like a Fissure appears in this Manner, I am inclined to believe it is the divided Scrotum of certain Authors, which are no other than the Labia Muliebria with the Clitoris over them, being equally protuberant to the lowermost Part of the Orificium Vaginæ. ”

“ The liquid was promptly drawn oft by tapping, and a stimulating injection was made into the scrotum to prevent re-accumulation. We mention this case only because it is one among a very large number who have consulted us supposing that they were suffering from enlargement of the testicles, cancer, or some other morbid growth within the scrotum, when a slight examination has shown the affection to be hydrocele, a disease which is speedily cured by tapping, with a little after treatment. The operation is perfectly safe and almost entirely painless. ”

“ The penis palme, or suture de la verge of the French, is the name given to those examples of single cutaneous envelope for both the testicles and penis; the penis is adherent to the scrotum by its inferior face; the glans only is free and erection is impossible. Chretien cites an instance in a man of twenty-five, and Schrumpf of Wesserling describes an example of this rare anomaly. The penis and testes were inclosed in a common sac, a slight projection not over 1/4 inch long being seen from the upper part of this curious scrotum. ”

“ You may recognize inflammation of the scrotum from the pain being felt at the slightest touch of the hand, and from the heat and hardness appearing intense; whereas, when the testicle is inflamed, a slight touch does not give pain, which is only felt when the part is firmly pressed by the fingers, while the redness and hardness appear less at the surface; but, upon grasping it firmly, a deep-seated hardness meets the fingers; and fever is sometimes present. ”

“ The ball I took from the scrotum of the babe was the identical one which, on the 12th of May, shattered the tibia of my young friend, and in its mutilated condition, plunged through his testicle, carrying with it particles of semen and spermatozoa into the abdomen of the young lady, then through her left ovary, and into the uterus, in this manner impregnating her! ”

“ There are several old accounts of scrotal tumors which have evidently been elephantoid in conformation. In the Ephemerides in 1692 there was mentioned a tumor of the scrotum weighing 200 pounds. In the West Indies it was reported that rats have been known to feed on these enormous tumors, while the deserted subjects lay in a most helpless condition. ”

“ The testicles are slippery and some herders prefer to use the teeth instead of the fingers to extract the testicles. Under no circumstances should any unclean thing be put into the scrotum. Death usually results from infection, and infection from uncleanliness. A little boracic acid might be sprinkled over the cut surface as an additional precaution, but this is unnecessary if ordinary cleanliness is observed. If after a few days the kid's scrotum swells, and does not discharge, the scrotum should be opened with a clean instrument. ”

“ It happens when the Intestinal Parts fall into the Scrotum in Men, or into the bottom of the Lips of the Matrix in Women. To perform this Operation, the Patient must be laid upon his Back, as in the Bubonocele, and the Incision carry'd on after the same manner; which is to be made in the Scrotum, tearing off the Membranes to the Intestine. Then a Search will be requisite, to observe whether any parts stick to the Testicle; if the Caul doth so, it must be taken off, leaving a little Piece on the Testicle ”

“ When flesh is formed in any part of the bodies which are connected by the scrotum, it gives rise to the disease called sarcocele. This arises either from some obscure cause, the testicle being attacked with a defluxion and becoming indurated, or from a blow, or from unskilful treatment after the operation for hernia. Its consequences are, a swelling of the same colour, with hardness; when the swelling is of a scirrhous nature, it is devoid of colour and sensibility ”

“ Usually microfilariæ can be discovered in the lymph so obtained, as well as in the blood of the patient. In a large proportion of cases of lymph scrotum the inguinal and femoral glands, either on one or on both sides, are varicose.
Probably provoked by friction against the thighs and clothes, erysipelatoid inflammation and elephantoid fever are frequent occurrences. Abscess is not uncommon. In time, in a proportion of cases, the scrotum tends to become permanently thickened and to pass into a state of true elephantiasis. ”

“ Are scales characteristic of mammals? In what groups of vertebrates are scales usually found?
The anus, or opening through which the residual materials (feces) from the digestive tube pass, is immediately ventral to the base of the tail. The conspicuous swelling ventral to the anus of the male rat is the scrotum, which contains the two testes. Sometimes the testes lie up in the body cavity instead of in the scrotum, in which case the size of the latter is very much reduced. The external opening of the male's urogenital system is located mid-ventrally near the anterior end of the scrotum. ”

“ There being four varieties of it, according to Leonides; three of them occur in men and one in women. In men, sometimes about the perineum and sometimes about the middle of the scrotum, there is the appearance of a female pudendum with hair; and in addition to these there is a third variety, in which the discharge of urine takes place at the scrotum as from a female pudendum. In women there is often found above the pudendum and in the situation of the pubes the appearance of a man’s privy parts, there being three bodies projecting there, one like a penis, and two like testicles. ”

“ In Marsupials the scrotum is in front of the penis, but really in the same position as in other Mammals—that is, in front of the ventral part of the pelvic girdle. It is the penis which is different, as the skin around the organ has not united in a ventral suture below it, while the organ itself has not grown forward adnate to the abdominal skin as in most other Mammals. ”

“ Soreness of the scrotum is very common, and I have seen it in every description of dog. I attribute it to derangement of the digestion; never having witnessed it in animals that were not thus affected, and not having been able to discover it had any more immediate origin. It mostly appears first as a redness, which soon becomes covered with small pimples, that break and discharge a thin watery fluid. The fluid coagulates, and a thin scab covers the surface. The scab is generally detached, being retained only by the straggling hairs that grow upon the bag. ”

“ There will rarely be any occasion to make [318] any application to the scrotum, except fomentation of it, if much swelling should ensue.
A few, whose practice cannot be justified, seize the testicle as soon as it escapes from the bag, and, pulling violently, break the cord and tear it out. It is certain that when a blood-vessel is thus ruptured, it forcibly contracts, and very little bleeding follows; but if the cord breaks high up, and retracts into the belly, considerable inflammation has occasionally ensued, and the beast has been lost. ”

“ Elephantiasis is occasionally seen in the genital regions of the female, but more often in the scrotum of the male, in which location it produces enormous tumors, which sometimes reach to the ground and become so heavy as to prevent locomotion. This condition is curious in the fact that these immense tumors have been successfully removed, the testicles and penis, which had long since ceased to be distinguished, saved, and their function restored. Alibert mentions a patient who was operated upon by Clot-Bey, whose scrotum when removed weighed 110 pounds ”

“ Inspection and palpation of the scrotum reveals hypertrophy, atrophy, œdematous or sanguineous infiltrations, inflammation of the tunica vaginalis, and tumours of the testicle. Intra-pelvic examination partly covers the same ground as examination of the pelvic portion of the urethra, and, provided the anatomical relationships of the different organs encountered are known, there is no difficulty in detecting the position of possible lesions (Fig. 226) .
In small male animals, such as he-goats and rams, rectal exploration is confined to the use of one or two fingers. ”

“ This condition is apt to set in with fever. The scrotal tissues are somewhat tense and reddened and may show numerous lymphatic varices which when pricked with a needle, give exit to lymph which may or may not contain filarial embryos. The lymph continues to exude for a long time. Erysipelatous manifestations are not uncommon. With recurring attacks the scrotal tissues become more and more hypertrophied and may go on to elephantiasis of the scrotum. ”

“ At seven months the fœtus is from twelve and a half to fourteen inches long and weighs from three to five pounds. The hands and feet, including the nails, are developed; all its parts are tolerably firm, and their respective dimensions better proportioned than formerly. The scrotum usually contains one or both testicles, they having descended through the inguinal ring, from their original place near the vertebral column; the eyelids are partly open; the skin is very red and covered with down. Many children live and are reared that are born at seven months. ”

“ Everything that was previously extremely delicate and transparent, becomes more opaque and fleshy as the sac contracts, which at length, like a hernial tumour of the scrotum, includes and supports both the intestines and the yelk; contracting every day in a greater and greater degree, it comes finally to constitute the abdomen of the chick. ”

“ Dec. 8.—As regards his original complaint, the man is perfectly convalescent, but he now discloses a small abscess in the scrotum, which has been gradually forming, and will detain him in the house some time longer. ”

“ The organs of generation were healthy, the penis neither retracted nor extenuated, nor the scrotum filled with any serous infiltration, as happens so commonly among the decrepid; the testes, too, were sound and large ”

“ The extremities become shapeless, heavy cylinders, the scrotum occasionally a colossal tumour, the female genitalia and the mammæ smaller or larger tumours; the penis often shares in the general thickening, the inguinal glands form large hard prominent masses, and enormous deformity is caused. The cause is more often seen in men than women, rarely in children over 10, never in younger children. ”

“ The organs of generation have now made their appearance, but the testes are contained within the abdomen, in the situation of the female uterus, the scrotum still remaining empty. The female organs are yet imperfect, and the uterus with its tubes resembles the two-horned uterus of the lamb. ”

“ Swelled and ulcerated legs and feet are common among the men; as also a swelling of the scrotum. I know not whether this is occasioned by disease, or by the mode of applying the wrapper before-mentioned, and which they use as at Tanna and Mallicollo. This is their only covering, and is made generally of the bark of a tree, but sometimes of leaves. The small pieces of cloth, paper, &c. which they got from us, were commonly applied to this use. We saw coarse garments amongst them, made of a sort of matting, but they seemed never to wear them, except when out in their canoes and unemployed. ”

“ His semen was wasting nocturnally and his genitals flabby, cold and damp: his scrotum especially was relaxed and pendant. The spinal cord was very tender to the touch, giving great pain upon examination, over the lumbar, dorsal and cervical vertebræ. He complained of a sensation of constriction (girdle) around the body, [103] painful digestion, constipation of the bowels, and talked incoherently. His mind wandered: he had no wishes to go home, or to stay, or to live, and became quite passive. ”