Kodachrome

“ The Premo No. 8 is an excellent illustration of the application of this idea. Designed for the amateur who wants a convenient, dependable plate camera at a moderate price, it is so carefully made and so simple to operate that it will produce remarkably good results for so inexpensive a camera.
It is equipped with our regular Planatograph lens, each one carefully tested, and the shutter is of the Kodak Ball Bearing type but supplied with bulb and tube instead of cable release. ”

“ For those who want the highest possible efficiency in a hand camera, combined with compactness and convenience, the Filmplate Premo Special is truly the ideal camera.
It is thoroughly equipped to make good pictures under all conditions of amateur photography where good pictures could possibly be made, aside from ultra rapid focal plane photography.
It is fitted with every desirable mechanical convenience. It has a fast, fully corrected lens,—the Zeiss Kodak Anastigmat, f.6.3, specially designed for hand camera work, and a high speed shutter, the Compound, that works with great precision. ”

“ On the first of these dates the sodium-lines were still easily visible, though not conspicuous. The carbon bands were magnificent, especially the brightest one (in the green) , in which could be clearly seen the three fine lines observed in the spectrum of Coggia's comet. The band in the violet was very faint. The nucleus gave a strong continuous spectrum, on which the carbon bands were superposed; and in the tail the proportion of white light (continuous spectrum) to carbon light appeared to be about the same as in the nucleus. ”

“ The No. 1 Kodak Junior is provided with automatic focusing lock, collapsible reversible finder, two tripod sockets—in fact, the practical, convenient working equipment which one expects in a true Kodak.
The camera is well made in every respect, it is covered with a good quality of grain leather, and the metal parts are finished in nickel and black enamel.
The low price means no stinting in either material or workmanship. It is only possible through the perfection of our scientific factory organization and the large quantities which our large distribution enables us to make at one time. ”

“ Hartel said Captain Kodak really should call a “range-finder”; to point out features of the shutter, through which the picture could jump in the fraction of a second, or which could be set so that a long exposure might be given when there was not sufficient light for a “snap-shot”; to show the action of the slides in the plate-holders, the use of the diaphragm, and more other things about the camera than you would have supposed could be said about a box so small and innocent looking. ”

“ If, for instance, indium yellow were found exactly similar to that of cadmium, in colour, opacity, permanence, its presence would be quite superfluous. The mistake is often made of offering a fresh compound for a pigment when something as good or better, and cheaper may be, already exists. We remember a patient experimenter, who had produced a pink from cobalt, wondering why his colour should be so generally declined. The product was not wanting in either beauty or stability, but he forgot that the lakes of madder were far more beautiful, at least as durable, and much less expensive. ”

“ Cobalt (Co) occurs in combination with arsenic and sulphur, and associated with nickel and iron. It is found occasionally in combination with selenium, and there are a traces of it in meteoric iron. In the metallic state it is of a light, reddish-grey color, rather brittle, and only fusible at a strong white heat; at common temperatures it is unalterable by air or water. At a red heat, it oxidizes slowly and decomposes water; at a white heat it burns with a red flame. Cobalt is soluble in dilute sulphuric or hydrochloric acid by the aid of heat, whereby hydrogen is eliminated. ”

“ This phænomenon takes place in all transparent crystals, except those which split in planes parallel to the sides of a cube, or a regular octohedron. The separation of the rays is more or less strong, according to the nature of the crystal, and the direction which the light takes in passing through it. Of all known substances, the most powerfully double refracting, is the clear carbonate of lime, commonly called Iceland Spar. As this is a comparatively common substance, and may easily be made the subject of experiment, we take it as a first instance. ”

“ For extraordinary refraction, we have not the advantage of being able to define the origin of the molecular force, nor the manner in which it emanates individually from each particle of the crystal; for what we have said about accounting for the phænomena by the supposition of attractive and repulsive forces emanating from the axes is only the indication of a complicated result, and not the expression of a molecular action. ”

“ The slides for changing stops and for time exposures are alongside of the exposure lever and always show by their position what stop is before the lens and whether the shutter is set for time or instantaneous exposures, thus acting as a warning.
In the quality of the work they will do, Pocket Kodaks equal the best cameras on the market. They make negatives of such perfect quality that enlargements of any size can be made from them. ”

“ At the same time it will be interesting and its delightful illustrations will show the beginner new possibilities in amateur photography. This little magazine is but a part of the Kodak Service. To sell a camera and then turn the customer adrift has never been a part of the Kodak plan. Along with our improvements in apparatus and materials, we have always endeavored also to improve the Kodak Service. "Kodakery" will, we believe, prove the means of keeping us more closely than ever in touch with our customers. ”

“ A metal found in various combinations, from which various colouring matters are obtained of great use in the arts. Cobalt blue, a beautiful blue pigment, is obtained by mixing a salt of pure cobalt with a solution of pure alum, precipitating the liquid by an alkaline carbonate, washing the precipitate with care, drying and igniting it strongly. A fine green, known as Rinmann’s green, is similarly prepared. The chloride, the nitrate, and the sulphate of cobalt form sympathetic inks, which only become visible when the moisture is absorbed by the application of heat. ”

“ Russell has, however, described to the Royal Society experiments from which it appears that mercury, zinc, magnesium, cadmium, aluminum, nickel, pewter, bismuth, lead, tin, antimony, and cobalt give out radiations capable of affecting the sensitive plate, and will leave images of themselves after standing upon one in the dark for about a week, although they possess no evident luminosity. Gold, platinum, and iron exhibit little or no power of the kind. ”

“ For it enables anyone who has electricity in his house, to show sharp, well-illuminated lantern slide projections without difficulty and at small expense.
The Kodiopticon is substantially made, and operated with an ordinary Mazda electric lamp, at a distance of 10 feet from the sheet, will project images of about 36 inches. A larger image may be secured by setting the Kodiopticon a greater distance away, but the greater the distance the less the illumination. ”

“ This connexion of isomerism with resistant linking, and of this with high valency, explains, in considerable measure, why inorganic compounds afforded, as a rule, no phenomena of this kind until the systematic investigation of metallic compounds by Werner brought to light many instances of isomerism in inorganic compounds. Whereas carbon renders isomerism possible in organic compounds, cobalt and platinum are the determining elements in inorganic chemistry, the phenomena being exhibited especially by complex ammoniacal derivatives. ”

“ Teena asked. Although Eddie had explained it to her, she seemed to feel that, as a pupil, she should ask some questions to help Jim out.
“Stick? Oh, you mean the probe. Actually, it’s called a diode, but probe’s easier to remember. Anyway, the probe is a vacuum tube filled with a special kind of gas. Whenever invisible radioactive particles shoot through the probe and into the gas, the Geiger counter clicks, and the needle on the dial moves forward. The more rays shooting through the probe, the more clicks; the more clicks, the more radioactivity. ”

“ Cobalt He lifted his eyes and gazed on the Laurentians. Pencils of incandescence swept across them, whitening their tender purple and then fading, a sight to thrill the heart. Sometimes the pulsation would cease and the whole mountain, older than any Alp, would deepen to cobalt blue, reminding him that there might be cobalt within ten miles of him. In fact within a hundred all the noble metals were being mined. Like most men he loved blue, and what he chiefly loved was a soft cobalt blue saturated with white light, as in petals of forgetmenot. ”

“ There is even a magnetic oxide among the chromium compounds, such being unknown in the other series. Nickel easily becomes passive in strong nitric acid. It absorbs hydrogen in just the same way as iron. In short, in the series Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni, there are many points in common although there are many differences, as will be seen still more clearly on becoming acquainted with cobalt and nickel.
In nature cobalt is principally found in combination with arsenic and sulphur. Cobalt arsenide, or cobalt speiss, CoAs2, is found in brilliant crystals of the regular system, principally in Saxony. ”

“ A simple method of demonstrating the existence of retrograde rays and also of the places at which the positive rays originate Is founded on the difference between the phosphorescence of lithium chloride under cathode and positive rays. When lithium chloride is struck by cathode rays, the phosphorescence is a steely blue giving a continuous spectrum. When struck by rapidly moving positively electrified particles the phosphorescence is a rich deep red, and the red lithium line is very bright in the spectrum. ”

“ Cæruleum is a pale blue pigment consisting of a compound of the oxides of cobalt and tin. It is made by converting tin by the action of nitric acid into white stannic oxide, adding a solution of cobalt nitrate and evaporating to dryness in a porcelain dish whilst stirring; whilst still warm the powder is strongly ignited. In cæruleum the chemical combination is less firm than in the compounds of cobalt oxide with zinc oxide or alumina, strong hydrochloric and dilute sulphuric acids decompose it, continued treatment with nitric acid extracts all the cobalt. ”

“ As it does not seem to blacken the globe in the least, it might be found useful for coating the filaments of ordinary incandescent lamps, and I think that it is even possible to produce thin threads or sticks of carborundum which will replace the ordinary filaments in an incandescent lamp. A carborundum coating seems to be more durable than other coatings, not only because the carborundum can withstand high degrees of heat, but also because it seems to unite with the carbon better than any other material I have tried. ”

“ In sodium light, however, no difficulty is experienced in distinguishing both the shadow-edges given by substances with small amount of double refraction, such as chrysoberyl, quartz, and topaz, and a skilled observer may detect the separation in the extreme instances of apatite, idocrase, and beryl. The shadow-edge corresponding to the greater refractive index is always less distinct, because it lies in the bright portion of the field. ”

“ The extension plate is actuated by rack and pinion working with exceptional smoothness and provided with a simple locking device.
The standard is constructed of metal, it is very rigid, and incorporates a rising and falling front of great latitude. This in connection with the swing bed construction makes it an easy matter to take pictures of tall buildings, and the like, without tipping the camera, with its attendant distortion. The lens board is removable and the finder is the new Premo collapsible brilliant. ”

“ Only instead of soaking up water, it soaks up radiation.”
41
“That’s about it,” Eddie said. “My dad says that as more is learned about the ways to use isotopes, the whole world is going to be improved. You’ve heard of radiocobalt for curing cancer. Well, that’s an isotope. They make it by cooking cobalt in an atomic reactor. Oh, there are hundreds of different isotopes. Like I said, isotopes can be made of most of the elements. And there are over a hundred elements. Some soak up a lot of radioactivity, and are strong and dangerous. Others absorb only a little and are pretty safe to use. ”

“ For landscapes, for marines, and in fact, for the majority of outdoor amateur negatives, the rich green of prints on Kodak Velvet Green produces most beautiful harmonious effects, with an indescribable "atmosphere" of nature itself.
And to use this paper the amateur has to learn no new processes nor possess extraordinary skill. Anyone who can print on Velox paper can print just as successfully on Kodak Velvet Green, as the two processes after exposure are identical, and the developing solution is only slightly changed. ”

“ If the mode of observation which we have applied to smooth glass plates be universally employed, it may serve to show that polarization when complete is always a modification exactly of the same kind, for all substances: for when a beam of light has been once polarized, it will equally pass through all substances, with the exception mentioned above, provided each be presented to it under its proper angle, and whatever be the nature of the first or second substance employed, the variation of intensity in the light after the second reflexion is always subject to the same laws. ”