“ Microsoft sells Windows to end users and computer manufacturers, both foreign and domestic. Purchasing manufacturers install the software onto the computers they sell. Microsoft sends to each of the foreign manufacturers a master version of Windows, either on a disk or via encrypted electronic transmission. The manufacturer uses the master version to generate copies. Those copies, not the master sent by Microsoft, are installed on the foreign manufacturer's computers. Once assembly is complete, the foreign-made computers are sold to users abroad. ”
Microsoft
Definition and stakes
Microsoft, an American multinational technology corporation established in 1975 by Bill Gates and Paul Allen, has shaped the digital age through innovations such as Windows, Office, and cloud computing. Analysts like Bruce Perens and Eben Moglen have examined its dominance, pointing out its tactics to divide free software communities and favor closed systems.
Sam Williams observed Microsoft’s dependence on external developers to boost Windows' appeal, while Marie Lebert emphasized its promotion of GUIs to make computing more accessible. Legal and cultural critiques, ranging from antitrust disputes to open-source conflicts, illustrate a company that is both groundbreaking and controversial, embodying its dual identity as a leader in the industry and a representation of technological monopolization.
Quotes about “Microsoft”
Sam Williams, Free as in Freedom (2002) — Chapter 2… (2002)
“ Even powerful vendors such as Microsoft rely on the support of third-party software developers whose tools, programs, and computer games make an underlying software platform such as Windows more attractive to the mainstream consumer. ”
Bruce Perens,
Free Software Leaders Stand Together
“ A number of the free software evangelists, in informal discussion, felt that the proper response to Microsoft would be to stand together. Mundie's speech shows that Microsoft's strategy is to keep us divided and attack us one at a time, until all are gone. ”
Eben Moglen,
Free Software and Free Media
(2006)
“ If you consider the Mini‐Microsoft blog, that place where microsofties rails against their managers, and if you take a look at what is said in Mini‐Microsoft, you recognize that the microsofties by and large think that their primary adversary is a company that has three and a half percent of the hardware market and which looks good running a proprietized FreeBSD because they only have to run it on hardware they totally control and design, and they never have to test it on any device that they didn’t make first. ”
Eben Moglen,
Free Software and Free Media
(2006)
“ The end of Microsoft is apparent, I think. When you cannot ship your own products anymore, because your engineering system is falling apart of its own weight, even with 40 billion dollars in hand, your dangerousness has been much reduced. ”
Bruce Perens,
Free Software Leaders Stand Together
“ The Message We note a new triumph for Open Source and Free Software: we have become so serious a competitor to Microsoft that their executives publicly announce their fear. However, the only threat that we present to Microsoft is the end of monopoly practices. Microsoft is welcome to participate as an equal partner, a role held today by entities ranging from individuals to transnational corporations like IBM and HP. Equality, however, isn't what Microsoft is looking for. ”
Marie Lebert, Interviews (1998-2001)
“ GUIs (graphical user interfaces) like Windows and Macintosh have hastened the process (and indeed it's no secret that it was Microsoft's marketing strategy to use their operating system to make computers easy to use for the average person) . ”
The Jargon File, Version 4.2.2…
“ For many years, before Microsoft, IBM was the company hackers loved to hate.But everything changes. In the 1980s IBM had its own troubles with Microsoft. In the late 1990s IBM re-invented itself as a services company, began to release open-source software through its AlphaWorks group, and began shipping Linux systems and building ties to the Linux community. ”
“ Ibid.; cf. post, at 2 (STEVENS,J., dissenting) (" [A] master disk is the functional equivalent of a warehouse of components ... that Microsoft fully expects to be incorporated into foreign-manufactured computers.") .Judge Rader, dissenting, noted that "supplying" is ordinarily understood to mean an activity separate and distinct from any subsequent "copying, replicating, or reproducing—in effect manufacturing. ”
Cory Doctorow,
Microsoft Research DRM talk
“ I'm not a lawyer -- I'm a kind of mouthpiece/activist type, though occasionally they shave me and stuff me into my Bar Mitzvah suit and send me to a standards body or the UN to stir up trouble. I spend about three weeks a month on the road doing completely weird stuff like going to Microsoft to talk about DRM.I lead a double life: I'm also a science fiction writer. ”
Emmett Shear,
Seattle: Booms and Busts
“ Microsoft has grown from a two-man operation with Bill Gates and Paul Allen to an 11,000 in 1992 to 48,030 in 2001. And Microsoft employees are not just any employees – they tend to be millionaires on a quite disproportionate basis. Microsoft has also spawned a whole host of other related software companies in the Seattle area: RealNetworks, Itron, Attachmate Corp, Infospace, and a whole host of smaller companies. Quite unlike the Boeing boom which tied Seattle’s fortunes to one company, Microsoft has served as a catalyst for the creation of a whole realm of industry. ”
Odd De Presno, The Online World
“ This is what the Washington Information Service Corp. in U.S.A. did. There's an abundance of software to choose from. Many companies rent private 'conference rooms' on commercial online services rather than doing it in-house. The advantage is easier access to an established multi-user system and user base. Microsoft, Toshiba, Quarterdeck, Digital Research, Tandy, Novell and hundreds of others rent public support forum space on CompuServe to keep in touch with customers all over the world. Others rent space on regional bulletin boards. ”
Michael Hart, Project Gutenberg Newsletters 1999
“ MICROSOFT RESPONDS TO PRIVACY ISSUE Reacting to a controversy started when a programmer in Brookline, Mass., discovered Windows 98 generates a unique serial number that is implanted in every electronic document and that can be used to trace the identity of its author, Microsoft said it will create a software tool to allow customers to remove the number, which was created to help support specialists diagnose problems for customers who call with questions. ”
Dale A. Kimball, United States District Judge, Memorandum and Decision Order in SCO v…
“ Novell and Santa Cruz hoped that the merged product would provide a commercially successful alternative to Microsoft's Windows system. Decl. Tor Braham at ¶ 8. Novell's Netware product needed an alternative operating system if it was to compete with Microsoft. Id. Novell also had a strong interest in the development of a commercially successful UNIX operating system that would run on Intel's 64-bit processors because it would expand the market for Netware. ”
by Daniel E. Atkins, John Seely Brown, and Allen L. Hammond, A Review of the Open Educational Resources… (2007)
“ Microsoft is piloting a pay-as-you-go PC in Brazil that will allow low-income households to buy a computer on time, with financing provided by third parties over a year or more and continued operation of the computer tied to on-time payments. ”
Marie Lebert, Booknology: The eBook (1971-2010…
“ Microsoft was billing publishers and distributors for the use of its DRM technology through the Microsoft DAS Server, with a commission on each sale. Microsoft also partnered with major online bookstores - Barnes & Noble.com in January 2000 and Amazon.com in August 2000 - for them to offer ebooks for the Microsoft Reader in their eBookstores soon to be launched. Barnes & Noble.com opened its eBookstore in August 2000, followed by Amazon in November 2000. ”
James Boyle, The Public Domain: Enclosing the Commons of the Mind
“ From the perspective of a producer of a good that shows strong network effects such as a word processing program or an operating system, the optimal position is to be the company that owns and controls the dominant product on the market. The ownership and control is probably by means of intellectual property rights, which are, after all, the type of property rights one finds on networks. The value of that property depends on those positive and negative network effects. This is the reason Microsoft is worth so much money. ”
Eben Moglen,
Free and Open Software: Paradigm for a New Intellectual Commons
(2009)
“ In order to monopolize across an open commons you have to be very rich, very big, very deep, and have a long time scale. If you do, then you can take everything that is put into the open commons, pull it out, put it in your proprietary products, and compete against the commons advantageously. For years, we expected Microsoft to begin to do that. ”
Michael Hart, Project Gutenberg Newsletters 1999
“ Oct 1998 King Henry VI, Part 1, by William Shakespeare [2ws01xxx.xxx] 1500 MICROSOFT SAYS IT WAS NETSCAPE THAT SUGGESTED A DEAL In the antitrust suit against Microsoft, Microsoft has introduced a December 1994 e-mail message from Netscape chairman James Clark as evidence that it was Netscape rather than Microsoft that first suggested an arrangement to illegally restrain trade. Clark had written to a Microsoft executive: "We have never planned to compete with you. We want to make this company a success, but not at Microsoft's expense. We'd like to work with you. ”
“ It was a locked-down spyware version of Internet Explorer, Microsoft's crashware turd that no one under the age of 40 used voluntarily. ”
Wind in the Willows (1913).djvu
“ But even ignoring that, when Microsoft pull out of the contract they said that everything was going to be released from the contract terms. this is the best I can find at present in that regard. Internet Archive indicated that they will rebuild the books without this overlay. ”
“ Microsoft Corp., 399 F. 3d 1325 (2005) , held that software qualifies as a component under §271 (f) . We are unable to determine, however, whether the Federal Circuit panels regarded as a component software in the abstract, or a copy of software.↑ "Component" is commonly defined as "a constituent part," "element," or "ingredient." Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language 466 (1981) ↑ The dissent, embracing AT&T's argument, contends that, "unlike a blueprint that merely instructs a user how to do something, software actually causes infringing conduct to occur." ”
Agreement relating to Malaysia between United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland… (June 2011)
“ The end result was that I could not explain the gaps in the sequential indirect djvu file numbering because other online versions pretty much followed what we already knew & had uploaded. I will delete the talk page in a bit. Nevertheless, it seems you need to come terms with a simple fact - at the core, ITS ALL GOOGLE!!!! Even the Microsoft works come from the program setup between libraries & universities and the Google Digitization initiative. Sure cover pages may differ; the watermarks may differ; page backgrounds may differ ”
“ Windows abstracted from a tangible copy no doubt is information—a detailed set of instructions—and thus might be compared to a blueprint (or anything containing design information, e.g., a schematic, template, or prototype) . A blueprint may contain precise instructions for the construction and combination of the components of a patented device, but it is not itself a combinable component of that device. AT&T and its amici do not suggest otherwise. ”
“ B As the parties agree, an inventor can patent a machine that carries out a certain process, and a computer may constitute such a machine when it executes commands—given to it by code—that allow it to carry out that process. ”
David H. Rothman, The Silicon Jungle
“ Never buy a computer without seeing for yourself that it and the software will together serve your needs. Don’t take the sales rep’s word. Instead, make him or his software specialist put the machine through its paces. Do so even if you’re not buying software at the store. Of course, the sales rep may not have access to the software, in which case you may want to visit another store for a demo. And if no one can assure you, no ifs or buts, that the computer-software combo works fine? Then you may want to hire a consultant.Use of CP/M Software CP/M is a kind of operating system. ”
Federal Communications Commission, Second Computer Inquiry, Final Decision… (1980)
“ If anything, it was overly conservative as to the extent to which market applications of computer processing technology would evolve. Not only has there been an exponential growth in data information services for business purposes, but, as indicated above, the services are now being directed at residential consumers. The market is truly competitive. Experience gained from the competitive evolution of varied market applications of computer technology offered since the First Computer Inquiry compels us to conclude that regulation of enhanced services is simply unwarranted. ”
James Boyle, The Public Domain: Enclosing the Commons of the Mind
“ We should pay attention to open source software because it shows us something about business methods in the digital world—indeed in the entire world of "information-based" products, which is coming to include biotechnology. The scale of your network matters. The larger the number of people who use your operating system, make programs for your type of computer, create new levels for your game, or use your device, the better off you are. A single fax machine is a paperweight. ”
David H. Rothman, The Silicon Jungle
“ Don’t be a corporate chauvinist. Every company has its share of gobblers.Turning to an outside consultant? Then, through computer stores, you might try to track down a local users group for a brand of hardware or software. Go to a meeting. Find out whom the members regard as an ace consultant. In fact, try to go to several user groups—remember the preference that Apple owners, say, may have in favor of an Apple solution or that Kaypro owners may have in favor of a Kaypro one. Mere word of mouth, though, is still no substitute for a thorough interview with the consultant and reference checks. ”
Steven Levy, Hackers, Heroes of the Computer Revolution…
“ And you could compare that to the extremely informal atmosphere around the TX-0, where grungy clothes were the norm and almost anyone could wander in.Now, IBM had done and would continue to do many things to advance computing. By its sheer size and mighty influence, it had made computers a permanent part of life in America. To many people, the words IBM and computer were virtually synonymous. IBM's machines were reliable workhorses, worthy of the trust that businessmen and scientists invested in them. ”
Deborah Takiff Smith, Computers on the Farm
“ Not all hardware and software are compatible. In fact, hundreds of producers of computer equipment and computer programs are in the market, and there are few across-the-board standards. So it's important to get hardware and software that are compatible.Software, or the computer programs themselves, are not like records that can be played on any record player. They have to be compatible with the hardware in terms of the programing language used, operating system, size, format, and other factors. ”
Daniel S. Halacy, Computers—the machines we think with (1962)
“ The Computer in Business and Industry The government, of course, is not the only user of the electronic computer. Business is faced with the same problems as government, plus others perhaps, and can use the same techniques in planning, producing, merchandising, and keeping track of its products. To General Electric goes the distinction of first installing the large-scale electronic computer for its business-data processing. ”
Daniel S. Halacy, Computers—the machines we think with (1962)
“ The government is investigating the effectiveness of a decision-making computer as a stand-by aid for the President in this complex age we are moving into. No man has the ability to weigh every factor and to make decisions affecting the world. Perhaps a computer can serve in an advisory capacity to a president or to a World Council; perhaps—17It is comforting to remember that men will always tell the computer what it is supposed to do. No computer will ever run the world any more than the cotton gin or the steam engine or television runs the world. ”
Daniel S. Halacy, Computers—the machines we think with (1962)
“ The stock market’s need for the computer lies in the usual two factors: tremendous paperwork and increasing pressure for speed. Trading of stock amounts to about three-fourths of a billion shares in a year, and occasionally 3 million shares a day change hands. A major brokerage house has confirmations to handle on thousands of trades, dividends to credit to nearly half a million active accounts, and security position and cash balances to compute for each customer. The increasing amount of business, plus the demand for more speed and accuracy, make the computer the only solution. ”
Federal Communications Commission, Second Computer Inquiry, Final Decision… (1980)
“ The supply of communications products and services will be limited only by the ingenuity of businessmen and scientists. Government will no longer be a barrier that prevents or delays the introduction of innovations in technology.We have all read a great deal about the marvelous inventions that the convergence of computer and communications technology will make possible. Consumers and businessmen will have highly intelligent communications products and services in their homes and offices that will increase productivity, save energy and improve the quality of life. ”
