Mutina

Definition and stakes

Portrait of František Lützow František Lützow,  Lectures on The Historians of Bohemia (1905)

“ Then, looking around him, he gazed at Mutina with fierce eyes, and then furiously addressed him thus: “Oh, hated race and brood that is detested by the gods, evil sons of Versovic, household-enemies of our race; will it ever escape my memory how you behaved to my ancestor Jaromir, a prince whom you indeed turned into ridicule, but whose fate is our eternal shame; or shall I forget that your brother Bosý by evil fraud murdered my brother Břetislav, that eminent star in the orbit of princes? ”
Source: Wikisource

Cassius Dio Cocceianus,  Dio's Rome, Volume 3

“ Who would privately choose to run risks for the democracy, when he sees that we are publicly resigned to slavery? It must be evident to every man that Antony will not rest contented with what he is now doing, but that in far off and small concerns even he is strengthening himself against us. He is warring against Decimus and besieging Mutina for no other purpose than to provide himself, by conquering and capturing them, with resources against us. ”
Source: Gutenberg

1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, Volume 18… (1911)

“ The 4th century found Mutina in a state of decay; the ravages of Attila and the troubles of the Lombard period left it a ruined city in a wasted land. In the 7th century, perhaps owing to a terrible inundation [1] its exiles founded, at a distance of 4 m. to the north-west, a new city, Città Geminiana (still represented by the village of Cittanova) ; but about the close of the 9th century Modena was restored and refortified by its bishop, Ludovicus. When it began to build its cathedral (A.D. 1099) the city was part of the possessions of the Countess Matilda of Tuscany ”
Source: Wikisource

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