United States Atomic Energy Commission

“ But for countries with full access to the complete nuclear fuel cycle, no technical separation really exists. Not all states operate the necessary clear-cut administrative separation of civilian and military access. Cooperation is needed also among suppliers and buyers of civilian nuclear facilities and materials and the International Atomic Energy Agency, in order to provide credible safeguards aqainst the diversion of civilian reactor programmes to military purposes, especially in countries that do not open all their nuclear programmes to IAEA inspection. ”

“ To demonstrate once again our unalterable purpose to make of the atom a peaceful servant of humanity, I shortly shall ask the Congress to authorize full United States participation in the International Atomic Energy Agency. ”

“ Atomic Energy Commission abolished and all functions transferred to Administrator of Energy Research and Development Administration (unless otherwise specifically provided) by section 5814 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. ”

“ One especially noteworthy innovation was the creation of the Joint House-Senate Atomic Energy Committee, which is credited by many with the development of our nuclear deterrent capability and was also criticized for wielding too much power relative to the executive branch. ”

“ The United States has taken the lead in the endeavor to put atomic energy under effective international control. We seek no monopoly for ourselves or for any group of nations. We ask only that there be safeguards sufficient to insure that no nation will be able to use this power for military purposes. ”

“ Plans for other nuclear-powered desalting projects around the world are being discussed by the United States government, the International Atomic Energy Agency and the governments of many other nations. ”

“ The proponents of civilian control won out, and a civilian Atomic Energy Commission was established by the Atomic Energy Act of 1946. Under this Act, which was amended in 1954, the AEC manufactures nuclear weapons for the armed services; produces fissionable materials for both military and civilian purposes; fosters research and development in the basic sciences underlying atomic energy and in applications such as power 32 production and uses of radioisotopes; regulates the activities of private organizations using atomic energy; and distributes information about atomic energy. ”

“ Following the end of World War II a vigorous controversy developed as to whether atomic energy development in the United States should continue under military control or be transferred to civilian control. ”

“ Briefly stated, Senator McMahon proposed that, if the Soviet Union would accept effective international control of atomic energy, the United States should declare itself willing to cut its military expenditures from 15 to 5 billion dollars a year, and to contribute the $100,000,000,000 so saved to a world-wide economic recovery program, channeled through the United Nations. The Senator envisaged a cooperative program, to which other nations would likewise contribute—a program lasting perhaps 5 years and calling for a total contribution of $50,000,000,000 from the United States. ”

“ Actions required for resumption of peaceful nuclear cooperation. Section 129 a. of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2158 (a) ) is amended by striking ``Congress adopts a concurrent resolution ́ ́ and inserting ``Congress adopts, and there is enacted, a joint resolution ́ ́. Sec. 204. United States Government policy at the Nuclear Suppliers Group to strengthen the international nuclear nonproliferation regime. ”

“ The United States knows that if the fearful trend of atomic military build up can be reversed, this greatest of destructive forces can be developed into a great boon, for the benefit of all mankind.
The United States knows that peaceful power from atomic energy is no dream of the future. That capability, already proved, is here--now--today. ”

“ For example, the largest atomic electric power plants now in operation in this country are privately owned, as are numerous small atomic reactors used for research. At the end of 1962 some 7000 firms, institutions or individuals in the United States held federal or state licenses giving them permission to use radioisotopes. The number of persons employed in atomic energy work in the United States is estimated to be about 140,000, of which only 8000 work for the Federal Government. ”

“ We have no reason to think that the stage we have now reached in the release of atomic energy will be the last. Indeed, the speed of our scientific and technical progress over the last seven years shows no signs of abating. We are being hurried forward, in our mastery of the atom, from one discovery to another, toward yet unforeseeable peaks of destructive power. ”

“ Member States shall notify the Commission, within a period of eighteen months from the date of its filing, of the existence of any unpublished application for a patent or utility model which appears prima facie to them to deal with a subject that, without being of a specifically nuclear nature, is directly connected with and essential to the development of nuclear energy within the Community. ”

“ In order to utilize the skill, technical know-how, knowledge and experience of American industry, the Government has, since the inception of the atomic energy program, generally chosen private companies to conduct the various and sundry activities involved in the undertaking, including the management and operation of Atomic Energy plants. ”

“ Agreement on the control of atomic energy would result in a relatively greater disarmament of the United States than of the Soviet Union, even assuming considerable progress in building up the strength of the free world in conventional forces and weapons. It might be accepted by the Soviet Union as part of a deliberate design to move against Western Europe and other areas of strategic importance with conventional forces and weapons. ”

“ The Secretary of State, the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary of Energy, and the NASA Administrator shall develop a common technology roadmap through 2030 that describes potential development programs and that coordinates, to the extent practicable, terrestrial-based advanced nuclear reactor and space-based nuclear power and propulsion efforts. Agencies shall remain responsible for funding their respective mission-unique requirements. ”

“ We deal here with a radical change in the manner in which our entire nation produces electricity. In many respects, no doubt, this new technique of producing electricity will be less harmful to the environment than present fossil fuel generating plants. But it is evident that the program presents unique and unprecedented environmental hazards. The Commission itself concedes it is expected that by the year 2000 some 600,000 cubic feet of high-level concentrated radioactive wastes will have been generated. ”

“ Article 40 In order to stimulate action by persons and undertakings and to facilitate coordinated development of their investment in the nuclear field, the Commission shall periodically publish illustrative programmes indicating in particular nuclear energy production targets and all the types of investment required for their attainment. ”

“ The right of the Community itself to take action, in accordance with general provisions in force, against the author of the damage shall not be affected.
Article 29 Any agreement or contract for the purpose of exchanging scientific or industrial information on nuclear matters between a Member State, person or enterprise and any third country, international organisation or national of a third country shall, if it requires on either part the signature of a State exercising its sovereignty, be concluded by the Commission. ”

“ The application of atomic energy to industry, agriculture, and medicine has progressed from hope and experiment to reality. American industry and agriculture are making increasing use of radioisotopes to improve manufacturing, testing, and crop-raising. Atomic energy has improved the ability of the healing professions to combat disease, and holds promise for an eventual increase in man's life span. ”

“ Different countries world-wide take up different positions on the use of nuclear energy. The discussion in the Commission also reflected these different views and positions. Yet all agreed that the generation of nuclear power is only justifiable if there are solid solutions to the unsolved problems to which it gives rise. The highest priority should be accorded to research and development on environmentally sound and ecologically viable alternatives, as well as on means of increasing the safety of nuclear energy. ”

“ After requesting the opinion of the Economic and Social Committee, the Commission may, within the framework of the Joint Nuclear Research Centre, set up schools for training specialists, particularly in prospecting for ores, producing nuclear materials of a high degree of purity, processing irradiated fuels, in atomic engineering, health protection and the production and use of radioactive isotopes. ”

“ Nuclear power is limitless. It's one existing source that generates a massive amount of electricity without causing air pollution or any greenhouse gases.
And yet the United States -- we haven't built any nuclear power plants in a long time. We have a promising technology available and yet we're stuck -- until recently. All of our citizens probably don't understand, but France, our ally and friend, gets nearly 80 percent of its power from nuclear power. Isn't that an amazing statistic? It's time for America to change. ”

“ And so, whilst some states still remain nuclear-free, today nuclear reactors supply about 15 per cent of all the electricity generated. Total electricity production worldwide is in turn equivalent to around 15 per cent of global primary energy supply. Roughly one-quarter of all countries worldwide have reactors. ”

“ In western Europe and North America, which today have almost 75 per cent of current world capacity, nuclear provides about one-third of the energy that was forecast for it 10 years ago. Apart from Fance, Japan, the USSR, and several other East European countries that have decided to continue with their nuclear programmes, ordering, construction, and licensing prospects for new reactors in many other countries look poor. ”

“ The congressional defense committees. (B) The Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives. (C) The Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate. (2) Covered defense nuclear waste.— The term "covered defense nuclear waste" means radioactive waste that resulted from the reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel that was generated from atomic energy defense activities and that— (A) contains more than 100 nCi/g of alpha-emitting transuranic isotopes with half-lives greater than 20 years ”

“ Urges the Atomic Energy Commission, in accordance with General Assembly resolutions 1 (I) of 24 January 1946 and 41 (I) of 14 December 1946, to continue its inquiry into all phases of the problem of the international control of atomic energy and to develop as promptly as possible the specific proposals called for by section 5 General Assembly resolution 1 (I) and by General Assembly resolution 41 (I) , and in due course to prepare and submit to the Security Council a draft treaty or treaties or convention or conventions incorporating its ultimate proposals ”

“ Work with other interested governments to establish a new international nuclear energy architecture -- including an international nuclear fuel bank, international nuclear fuel cycle centers, and reliable fuel supply assurances -- to meet growing demands for nuclear power without contributing to proliferation. Set the Goal of a Nuclear-Free World: Show the world that America believes in its existing commitment under the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty to work to ultimately eliminate all nuclear weapons. America will not disarm unilaterally. ”