The Yellow Peril is a racist color metaphor that portrays East Asian peoples as an existential threat to Western Europe and America, rooted in 19th-century imperialist anxieties. This idea, introduced by Jacques Novicow and popularized by figures such as Kaiser Wilhelm II, combined concerns over cultural infiltration, racial dominance, and geopolitical competition.
Writers featured in The Yellow Book illustrated perilous frontiers and enigmatic foes, while Richard Wilhelm’s Chinese Fairy Book referenced the "Yellow Ancient" as a mystical power. At the same time, literary works such as Elaine Goodale Eastman’s Yellow Star and James Mooney’s Cherokee formulas employed "yellow" to signify both danger and foreignness, mirroring the period’s widespread racial ideologies. The theme thus encapsulates Western concerns regarding Asian influence, merging myth, politics, and cultural apprehension.