Clepsydra

“ On the south side of the building then was a cistern, which was supplied with water from the spring called Clepsydra, near the cave of Pan. Leake states that a portion of the aqueduct existed not long since, and formed part of a modern conduit for the conveyance of water to a neighbouring mosque, for the service of the Turks in their ablutions. It may not be unnecessary to remind the reader that ATHEMAE. Clepsyrda was the common term for a water-clock and was not so called from the fountain of the same name, which supplied it with water ”

“ A genus (Giraffomyia) with a long neck, and with partially segmented appendages, instead of horns on the head, has been recently discovered by Dr. Arthur Willey in New Britain. Equally remarkable are the species of Celyphus; they do not look like flies at all, owing to the scutellum being inflated and enlarged so as to cover all the posterior parts {506}of the body as in the Scutellerid Hemiptera: the wings are entirely concealed, and the abdomen is reduced to a plate, with its orifice beneath, not terminal; the surface of the body is highly polished and destitute of bristles. ”

“ The genus Theocalyptra, and the following closely allied genus Cecryphalium, differ from all the other Theocorida in the flattened form of the cap-shaped or nearly discoidal shell. The abdomen specially is quite flat, often horizontally expanded, and like the marginal brim of a flat hat. They may be derived from the Dicyrtida Sethocephalus by the development of an abdomen, or from Corocalyptra by loss of the collar wings. The network is usually very delicate, as in the latter. The cephalis of Theocalyptra bears one or two horns. ”

“ No sound was heard but the panting breath of Cephyse, and, at intervals, the slight crackling of the charcoal, which began to burn, and already sent forth a faint sickening vapor. Cephyse, seeing the fire completely lighted, and feeling already a little dizzy, rose from the ground, and said to her sister, as she approached her, “It is done!”
“Sister,” answered Mother Bunch, kneeling on the mattress, whilst Cephyse remained standing, “how shall we place ourselves? I should like to be near you to the last.” ”

“ CEPHALOPODA, the fifth of the classes into which the zoological phylum Mollusca is divided (see Mollusca) . The Cephalopoda are mainly characterized by the concrescence of the foot and head. The foot grows forward on each side so as to surround the mouth, the two upgrowths meeting on the dorsal side of the head—whence the name Cephalopoda. The perioral portion of the foot is drawn out into paired arm-like processes; these may be beset with sheathed tentacles or with suckers or hooks, or both. ”

“ Hermaphroditism is unknown in Cephalopoda; male and female individuals always being differentiated. The genital aperture and duct is sometimes single, when it is the left; sometimes the typical pair is developed right and left of the anus. The males of nearly all Cephalopoda have been shown to be characterized by a peculiar modification of the arm-like processes or lobes of the fore-foot, connected with the copulative function. ”

“ In the first and original family, the Zygospyrida, the shell is represented by the bilocular cephalis only. The second family, Tholospyrida, is distinguished by a fenestrated cupola or galea, a hemispherical or conical dome, arising from the upper or coryphal face of the cephalis. In the third family, Phormospyrida, a thorax is developed, or a fenestrated basal chamber, arising from the lower or basal face of the cephalis. The fourth family, Androspyrida, combines the characters of the second and the third family, a galea arising from the upper and a thorax from the lower face of the cephalis. ”

“ The "cephalis or capitulum" (the "Köpfchen" of the German authors) is therefore the most important part of the skeleton in all Cyrtellaria, or in all Nassellaria possessing a complete lattice-shell. In the Plectellaria, however, or in those Nassellaria which do not possess a complete fenestrated shell, the "cephalis" is either imperfect or totally wanting. The cephalis surrounds the enclosed central capsule on all sides in the form of an ovate or subspherical lattice-shell, and is separated from it only by the jelly-like calymma. ”

“ The Cephalopoda present a complete contrast to the majority of the Mollusca in habits and in many points of organisation. In their power of rapid movement and their means of progression, their extreme ferocity and carnivorous habits, their loss, in so many cases, of a shell, and in its constitution when present, in the general symmetry of their parts, in their reproductive and nervous system, they stand in a position of extreme isolation with nothing to connect them with the rest of the phylum. ”

“ In Eucera and Sphecodes, each joint of the flagellum is slightly curved, and in the former the surface of those joints appears compounded of hexagons. In Chelostoma the antennæ, besides being longer than in the female, are also very much slighter and slightly compressed, and have a structure capable of curling upon itself; in the female of this genus the organ is clavate; and in Osmia, besides their length, in one species the male has a fringe of hair attached to one side along the whole of the organ. ”

“ These small Coleoptera mostly live in the nests of ants, and present a great diversity of extraordinary {224}shapes, and very peculiar structures of the antennae and maxillary palpi. Owing to the consolidation of some of its segments, the abdomen frequently appears to have less than the usual number. In the curious sub-family Clavigerides, the antennae may have the joints reduced to two or even, to all appearance, to one; the tarsi suffer a similar reduction. There are about 2500 species of Pselaphidae known; many of them have never been found outside the ants' nests ”

“ They are all strictly marine in habitat, and are all carnivorous. Most of them have no shell, or where the shell is present it is internal in all but a very few forms. The tentacle-like arms or feet surrounding the mouth which occur in all the Cephalopods are provided with sucking organs or suckers, in some cases with a horny toothed rim. These long, powerful, grasping, tentacular feet, with the suckers and five hooks, are very effective means of securing prey, and the pair of strong, sharp, cutting mandibles or beaks are equally effective in tearing to pieces. ”

“ None of these insects exhibit any positive colouring of the integument, excepting in some upon the abdomen, which exhibits red bands, and is disposed to vary considerably in intensity and breadth, and in some the clypeus and face are of a cream-colour, but which occurs chiefly among the males. They are very dissimilar in general appearance, some being densely pubescent all over, others merely so on the head and thorax; others are banded with white decumbent down, and some are wholly unmarked upon the abdomen. ”

“ Definition.—Zygospyrida with three basal feet and two large apical openings or coryphal holes, one on each side of the ring-apex. No true horns.
The genus Cephalospyris comprises some few Tripospyrida of very peculiar shape, differing from all other Zygospyrida in the possession of two large apical holes or coryphal apertures, lying on each side of a latticed sagittal septum, which is formed by the upper part of the sagittal ring. The sagittal stricture is deep, with a complete primary ring. The vertical axis of the slender ovate shell is much greater than the transverse. ”

“ The value of the fiddle had risen in the widow’s estimation, but in a day or two Cleffton came back with a carefully-worded receipt, penned by his own lawyer, and empowering us to hand him the Cremona, which he had bought from the widow for £65. When the fiddle was placed in his hands he fairly hugged it, and kissed it as fervently as I have seen mothers embrace their lost children. I smiled pityingly at the spectacle, but perhaps he would have done the same had he seen the mothers getting back their idols. We are good at pitying each other. ”

“ The eye eminence is less elevated than in most species, and this brings the fore-centrals nearer to the straight line of the fore-laterals; these last are the largest of the eight. The height of the clypeus exceeds half that of the facial space.
The legs are short and strong; their relative length [ 299 ] 4, 1, 3, 2, or 4, 1, 2, 3, or 4, 1, 2-3; they are of a brownish yellow colour, deeper on their fore-sides, furnished with hairs, bristles, and spines, the latter not very numerous nor unusually strong; there are no spines on the outer sides of the genual joints of the third pair ”

“ Miller “found very obvious;” but “we have in that fossil a new kind (genre) of cephalaspis, characterized by the form of its head, and by its uniform carapace,” all which characters have been overlooked in “the pleasure of examining the bona fide ichthyolite itself—one of the specimens of Dura Den, and apparently one of the more entire.” Has this creature undergone a still further metamorphosis, numerous as those of the Pterichthys itself? ”

“ In Chelostoma, the ventral structure of the male is very singular, the apex being adapted to a mucro at the base which permits the insect to curl up this portion of the body similarly to its antennæ, the furcated extremity of the abdomen fitting, when thus folded, upon the mucro. ”

“ Drops of sap were running from the white wood.
“How did you get those buds?” asked Miss Rose.
“I reached out of the window,” said Clematis, “why, was that stealing?”
Miss Rose gasped.
“Clematis, do you mean to tell me that you climbed out of the window and reached for that branch?”
Clematis nodded. Tears came into her eyes. She must have done something very wrong, but she did not know just what was so wicked about taking a small branch from a maple tree.
“I didn’t know it was stealing,” she sobbed. 45
“It isn’t that, Clematis. It is not wrong to take a twig, but think of the danger. ”

“ The majority are very pubescent insects, and the females of the terminal species in the foregoing list are remarkable for a couple of inwardly curved horns, springing from the base of the clypeus just below the insertion of the antennæ, an appendage usually a male attribute.
There is very great dissimilarity in the habits of the various species, whence no single characteristic will embrace them, nor is there any distinctive feature whereby the genus might bear subdivision, either from habits or habit, as will be collected from the following cursory survey of their special natural history. ”

“ For the plaited fibres encircle an object in a slackened condition, and when they are put on the stretch they grasp and cling tightly to whatever it may be that is in contact with their inner surface. Since, then, the Cephalopoda have no other instruments with which to convey anything to themselves from without, than either twining tentacles, as in some species, or proboscises as in others, they are provided with these to serve as hands for offence and defence and other necessary uses. ”

“ Celestine plunged into the wood without turning his head. He made his way with difficulty by a narrow path through the midst of thorns which tore his gown, when suddenly the road was barred to him by a young lad who came bounding out of a thicket. He was half-clothed in the skin of some beast, and was indeed rather a faun than a boy. His glance was penetrating, his nose flattened, his countenance laughing. His curly hair concealed the two little horns upon his stubborn forehead; his lips disclosed white pointed teeth; a fair forked beard descended from his chin. ”

“ In a well-marked variety, common in the south of Europe, Madeira, &c., this enlargement reaches a great development, nearly the whole of the upper wings being suffused with a deep orange, though in all other respects the insect does not differ from our common form. This beautiful variety has been described as a different species under the name of Gonepteryx Cleopatra; but M. Boisduval has proved that they are identical, by rearing both the ordinary Rhamni and the Cleopatra from the same batch of eggs. ”

“ Whether the closed primitive shell-sac of the slugs (and with it the transient embryonic shell-gland of all other Mollusca) is precisely the same thing as the closed sac in which the calcareous pen or shell of the Cephalopod Sepia and its allies is formed, is a further question which we shall consider when dealing with the Cephalopoda. It is important here to note that Clausilia furnishes us with an exceptional instance of the continuity of the shell or secreted product of the primitive shell-sac with the adult shell. ”

“ The myriads of the lower formation have disappeared, and we are surrounded on an upper platform by the existences of a later creation. Shoals of cephalaspides, feathered with fins, sweep past. We see the distant gleam of scales, that some of the coats glitter with enamel, that others bristle over with minute thorny points. A huge crustacean, of uncouth proportions, stalks over the weedy bottoms, or burrows in the hollows of the banks. Ages and centuries pass—who can sum up their number?—for the depth of this middle formation greatly exceeds that of the other two. ”

“ Class III.—The Cephalopoda (head-footed) have distinctly formed heads, large, staring eyes, mouths surrounded with tentacles or feelers, symmetrically formed bodies wrapped in a muscular covering; they have all the five senses, and are carnivorous. This class is entirely marine, and breathes through gills on the side of the body. The naked Cephalopoda are numerous, and furnish food for many other animals. Those living in chambered shells, once numerous, are now known principally by their fossils, the pearly Nautilus (sailor) being their only living representative. ”