Distress, described as an adverse reaction to stressors, is expressed through behaviors such as withdrawal or aggression, differing from the motivating force of eustress. Literary works examine this theme from multiple perspectives: Daniel Defoe associates distress with the moral challenges of poverty, Mary Wollstonecraft analyzes its social ramifications, and Emma Lazarus investigates its physical and spiritual effects.
Writers across different periods portray distress as a trigger for both human vulnerability and strength, highlighting its deep influence on personal and communal experiences. This theme is closely linked to ideas of suffering, anxiety, and compassion, underscoring its widespread significance in storytelling.