Agony, defined as the condition experienced by a living being prior to death, includes both physical and psychological aspects. Medically, it is characterized by distinct stages, ranging from behavioral shifts to declines in circulation and respiration, while psychologically, it is intertwined with emotional reactions such as denial or despair, as described in Kübler-Ross’s model.
Literature examines this theme from various perspectives: Lafcadio Hearn portrays agony as a lingering echo of regret, Lydia Sigourney depicts it as intense and dramatic, and Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley associates it with the dread of foreseen misfortune. These depictions, although varied, all highlight agony’s function as a transitional state between life and death, underscoring its widespread significance across medical, emotional, and narrative contexts.