“ There purifies itself the conspicuous bull of the prayers, the sun of days, lengthener out of dawns, of the sky (dív) ; the breath of the rivers hath made the jars to resound loudly; entering Indra's heart with skill. ”

“ Guarded by righteousness and by all the seasons, guarded by what is and by what is to be am I; let not evil attain me, nor death; I interpose with a sea of speech.
That is, I set my uttered charms like a sea between me and them. ”

“ AN ESTIMATE OF WHITNEY'S CHARACTER AND SERVICES
Ladies and Gentlemen,—There are some among us who can remember the time when "a certain condescension in foreigners" easily gave us pain. There was little achievement behind us as a people to awaken us to national self-consciousness and to a realizing sense of our own great possibilities. Time is changing all that. The men have come, and some, alas! are already gone, of whose achievements we may well be proud wherever we are. In the battles for the conquests of truth there are no distinctions of race. ”

“ Let the winged ones descend, the birds, they that go about in the atmosphere, in the sky; let the wild beasts, the flies, take hold together; let the raw-flesh-eating vultures scratch at the human carrion. ”

“ The veteran Indologist of Berlin, Professor Weber, has said that he and Professor Roth account it as one of their fairest honors that they had Whitney as a pupil. To have had both a Whitney and a Hadley at once is surely an honor that no American teacher in the departments here represented this evening can match. In a man whose soul was beclouded with the slightest mist of false pretension or of selfishness, we may well imagine that the progress of such pupils might easily have occasioned a pang of jealousy. ”

“ Forth from heaven, from earth [is its] force brought up; forth from forest-trees [is its] power brought hither; to the force of the waters, brought forth hither by the kine, to Indra's thunderbolt, the chariot, do thou sacrifice with oblation. ”

“ Vishṇu's stride art thou, rival-slaying, earth-sharpened (-sáṁçita) , Agni-brightened; after earth I stride out; from earth we disportion him who hates us, whom we hate; let him not live; him let breath quit. ”

“ The goddess Kuhū, well-doing, working with knowledge, in this sacrifice I call upon with good call; may she confirm to us wealth having all choice things; let her give a hero of hundred-fold value, worthy of praise. ”

“ On the earth (bhū́mi) they give to the gods the sacrifice, the oblation, duly prepared; on the earth (bhū́mi) mortal men (manuṣyà) live by svadhā́, by food; let that earth (bhū́mi) assign us breath, life-time; let earth make me one who attains old age.
The verse (8 + 8: 8 + 8: 11 + 11 = 54) should be called by the Anukr. svarāj instead of virāj. Ppp. reads in a juhvati instead of dadati.
23. What odor of thine, O earth, came into being, which the herbs, which the waters bear, which the Gandharvas and Apsarases shared—with that do thou make me odorous; let no one soever hate us. ”

“ We know thy place of birth (janítra) , O sleep; thou art son of the gods' sisters (-jāmí) , agent of Yama; end-maker art thou; death art thou; so, O sleep, do we comprehend thee here; do thou, O sleep, protect us from evil-dreaming. ”

“ Avoid us, O curse, as a burning fire a pond; smite our curser here, as the bolt from heaven a tree.
The distinction of hṛ and hra in manuscripts is so slight that some of our mss. might be viewed as reading hṛdám in b, and SPP. estimates most of his authorities as giving it (and the comm. idam) , though he also accepts hradám in his text. Ppp. reads iva in b, and tvam for nas in c, and divyā for divás in d.
3. Whoever shall curse us not cursing, and whoever shall curse us cursing, him, withered (?) , I cast forth for death, as a bone (?) for a dog. ”

“ He obtains the atmosphere, the sky, the earth, the Ādityas, the Maruts, the quarters, all worlds, who gives her of the hundred rice-dishes.
11. Sprinkling forth ghee, well-portioned, the divine one will go to the gods; hurt not him who cooks thee, O inviolable one; go on to heaven, O thou of the hundred rice-dishes. ”

“ Whitney, who was my teacher, and Roth, who was my teacher's teacher and my own teacher, both are passed away, and Death has given the work to me to finish, or rather to bring nearer to an ideal and so unattainable completeness. They are beyond the reach of human thanks, of praise or blame: but I cannot help feeling that even in their life-time they understood that Science is concerned only with results, not with personalities, or (in Hindu phrase) that the Goddess of Learning, Sarasvatī or Vāc, cares not to ask even so much as the names of her votaries ”

“ Even if other things were equal, the facsimile is much better than the original, inasmuch as a copy of each one of 544 exquisitely clear and beautiful chromophotographic plates, all conveniently bound and easy to handle and not easily injured and accessible in many public and private libraries throughout the world, is much more serviceable than the unique original, written on leaves of birch-bark, fragile with age, easily injured, requiring the utmost caution in handling, and accordingly practically inaccessible except to a very few persons: but other things are not equal ”

“ The quickness, O courser, that is put in thee in secret, also that went about committed to the hawk, to the wind—with that strength do thou, O steed, being strong, win the race, rescuing in the conflict. ”

“ Be the witchcrafts for the witchcraft-maker, the curse for him that curses; like an easy chariot let the witchcraft roll back to the witchcraft-maker.
6. If woman, or if man, hath made witchcraft in order to evil, it we conduct unto him, like a horse by a horse-halter. ”

“ Lead us together, O Indra, with mind, with kine, together with patrons, thou of the bay horses, together with well-being, together with what of the prayers (bráhman) is pleasing (-hitá) to the gods, together with the favor of the worshipful gods. ”

“ Split, O darbhá, the heart of our rivals, of our haters, O amulet; make their head fly apart, as the rising [sun] does the skin of the earth.
The comm. reads and explains ni pātaya in d (though the ms. gives vi p-) . The obscure and perhaps corrupt third pāda is thus explained: udyann ūrdhvaṁ gacchan bhujādipradeçam adhitiṣṭhan tvam bhūmyās tvacam [iva] tṛṇagulmāuṣadhyādyadhiṣṭhānabhūtāṁ yathā takṣaṇena nipātayati gṛhādinirmāṇārthaṁ loke.
5. Split, O darbhá, my rivals; split those that fight against me; split all my enemies (durhā́rd) ; split my haters, O amulet. ”

“ As for the joint edition of the Atharva-Veda, it is a most noteworthy fact that it has held its own now for thirty-eight years as an unsurpassed model of what a Vedic text-edition ought to be. His "Index Verborum to the Atharva-Veda," a work of wonderful completeness and accuracy, is much more than its name implies, and may not pass without brief mention, inasmuch as its material formed the basis of his contributions to the Sanskrit-German lexicon published by the Imperial Academy of Russia. ”

“ Arise, arise, O sun; arise upon me with splendor; both let my hater be subject to me, and let not me be subject to my hater.—Thine, O Vishṇu, are heroisms manifold; do thou fill us with cattle of all forms; set me in comfort in the highest firmament (vyòman) .
Ppp. reads in the concluding pāda of the refrain svadhāyāṁ no dh-; the comm. also has svadhāyām. The mss. commit the absurdity throughout of setting no avasāna between the verse proper and the refrain ”

“ Ye, O gods, that are in the heaven, that are on earth, that are in the atmosphere, in the herbs, in the cattle, within the waters—do ye make old age the length of life for this man; let him avoid the hundred other deaths.
The intrusion of paçúṣu and apsú in b spoils the meter ⌊or we may read yé 'ntárikṣa óṣadīṣv apsú antáḥ⌋; Ppp., omitting paçúṣu and antár, makes it good. ”

“ We would fain see thy heroism (vīryà) , O Jātavedas; proclaim to us the sorcerers, O men-watcher; let them all, burnt about by thee in front, come to this place, proclaiming themselves.
Ppp. reads in a vīryā; in c, -taptaṣ; in d, yāntu. The change of meter makes the verse suspicious as original part of the hymn; but the presence of all the verses in Ppp., in the same order, puts the intrusion, if it be one, far back.
6. Take hold, O Jātavedas; thou wast born for our purpose; becoming our messenger, O Agni, make the sorcerers cry out. ”

“ This third light of yours, O Fathers, the goat with five rice-dishes one gives to a priest; the goat, given in this world by one having faith, smites far away the darknesses.
The second half-verse is identical with 7 c, d above. Ppp. has, for d, pañcodano brahmaṇe dīyamānaḥ (our 9 c, 10 c) .
12. Desiring to obtain the world of the well-doing that have made offerings, one gives to a priest a goat with five rice-dishes; do thou conquer complete attainment (vyā̀pti) unto that world; be he, accepted, propitious to us. ”

“ The trickish Asuras that go about, having metal nets, hooking with fetters of metal, them I make subject to thee with flame, O Jātavedas; go thou, a thousand-barbed thunderbolt, slaughtering our rivals. ”

“ Extreme metrical irregularity.—This is more or less a characteristic of all the metrical parts of the Vedic texts outside of the Rig-Veda (and Sama-Veda) . In the saṁhitās of the Yajur-Veda, in the Brāhmaṇas, and in the Sūtras, the violations of meter are so common and so pervading that one can only say that meter seemed to be of next to no account in the eyes of the text-makers. It is probable that in the Atharvan saṁhitā the irregular verses outnumber the regular. ”

“ One may conjecture that it is the Milky Way, which is not unlike a thin line of smoke drawn across the sky, that is the real king of the asterisms, and that its imitation by a column of the heavy smoke of burning dung is what was relied on to counteract any evil influences from the asterisms; or the behavior of such smoke, as rising upward or hanging low, may have been really a weather-sign. ”

“ The comm. renders a, b thus: "the mighty one, Agni, looks near by upon the birth of the gods, Indra etc., as in a noisy (kṣumati = çabdavati) herd (yūthā being = yūthe) of kine a master sees his own cattle (paçvas) ": or, he says, it is the consuming fire that is addressed: "O Agni, this sacrificer who is being consumed by thee, mighty by thy favor, in a noisy cattle-crowd, looks upon the birth of the gods as upon herds of cattle (paçvas) ; the sense being that the gods come to light in the neighborhood of him who has gone to the world of the gods." ”

“ This great seven-volumed quarto, whose steady progress through the press took some three and twenty years, is the Sanskrit Stephanus. Americans may well be proud of the fact that to Whitney belongs the distinguished honor of being one of the four "faithful collaborators" who, next to the authors, Boehtlingk and Roth, contributed most to this monumental work.
Of all his technical works, his "Sanskrit Grammar," with its elaborate supplement, "The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language," forms the crowning achievement. ”

“ Fearlessness, O Mitra-and-Varuṇa, be ours here; drive ye backward the devourers with your gleam; let them not find a knower, nor a foundation (pratiṣṭhā́) ; mutually destroying one another let them go unto death. ”

“ Very often, however, the extent of a division is intimated by stating its overplus or shortage with reference to an assumed norm. One hardly knows how much critical value to assign to the norms (the last anuvāka of book vi., with 64 verses, exceeds the norm of 30 by more than the norm itself) ; but the method is a deviation from straightforwardness of expression, and that deviation is increased, as is so often the case, by the gratuitous exigencies of the metrical form into which the Pañcapaṭalikā is cast. ”

“ There is, therefore, in all our present hymn, no special reference to this division, unless it be in verse 18, which may accordingly mean 'To the division (kāṇḍa) of great (mahant) [hymns] , hail,' and refer to books viii.-xii. It is not impossible that a Hindu might use kāṇḍa to signify a 'division' comprising several books and tantamount to one of our so-called "grand divisions" (see my note to vs. 18) . Against my view, I might well object that dīrgha would be a more appropriate adjective than mahant for the 'long' individual hymns of which the division consists ”

“ Heaven-and-earth have become joint-seizers of splendor; seizing splendor may we go about upon the earth; with glory the kine, coming, wait upon (upa-sthā) the lord of kine; seizing glory may we go about upon the earth. ”

“ The slaying of an innocent person is indeed fearful, O witchcraft; slay thou not our cow, horse, man; wheresoever thou art set down, from there we make thee stand up; become thou lighter than a leaf.
The pada-text has in d út: sthāp-; the example of the omitted s is quoted under Prāt. ii. 18. The verse (10+ 10: 8 + 8 + 8 = 44) is very badly defined by the Anukr. Ppp. reads in a -hatyam and bhīmam.
30. If ye are covered (ā-vṛ) with darkness, like those who are girt (abhi-dhā) with a net—having torn up (sam-lup) all witchcrafts from here, we send them forth again to the maker. ”

“ As Indra is possessed of glory in heaven-and-earth, as the waters are possessed of glory in the herbs, so among all the gods may we, among all, be glorious.
Ppp. omits yaçasvatīs in b, and has, for c, d, yathā viçveṣu deveṣv evā deveṣu yaçasaḥ syāma. The verse (11 + 12: 8 + 11) is very ill defined by the Anukr.
3. Glorious was Indra, glorious was Agni, glorious was Soma born; glorious, of all existence am I most glorious. ”

“ Let the fires that are within the waters defend thee; let that defend thee which human beings kindle; let Vāiçvānara, Jātavedas defend [thee] ; let not [the fire] of heaven consume thee along with the lightning. ”

“ O ladle, ascend the all-nourishing earth; stride, O offering spoon, unto the atmosphere; O sacrificial spoon, go to the sky (dív) in company with the sacrificer; with the little spoon (sruvá) [as] calf, milk thou all the teeming, unirritated quarters. ”

“ Roth was a man who had a clear sense of the relative value of things—a sense of intellectual perspective; and he was right.
Faults of the birch-bark manuscript.—The birch-bark manuscript is indeed what we may call in Hindu phrase a veritable 'mine of the jewels of false readings and blunders,' an apapāṭhaskhalitaratnākara, a book in which the student may find richly-abounding and most instructive illustrations of perhaps every class of error discussed by the formal treatises on text-criticism. ”

“ Salisbury, in May, 1850, that he was elected a member of the American Oriental Society. Mr. Salisbury was the life and soul of the Society, and, thanks to his learning, his energy, and his munificence, the organization had already attained to "standing and credit in the world of scholars." Like him, Mr. Whitney was a steadfast believer in the obligation of which the very existence of these assembled societies is an acknowledgment,—the obligation of professional men to help in "co-operative action in behalf of literary and scientific progress;" ”