Jakob Jakobsen

“ Acc. to a statement from Fe. an “aba (ava) -knot” tied on a sick cow consisted of 9 hitches (3 knots, each consisting of 3 hitches) . — O.N. apr, adj., sharp; hard; bad; Fær. apur, adj., severe; great; that has a great effect (apur ótti, very great fear) ; Sw. dial. aber, adj., strong; pungent (mostly of smell) .
aber [ābər, abər] , vb., (prop. to sharpen) , to liven up; to get to blaze, in the expr. “to a. up de birtek”; to get the fire to blaze by poking it, nautical phrase, tabu-phrase, used by fishermen at sea, the colloq. ”

“ In the infinitive, on the other hand, the Eng. “to” is always used. O.N. at, conj., that; also O.Eng. and L.Sc.
atbørd, sb., see adber, adbert.
at-draw [at-drâ] , sb., prop. pulling and dragging towards oneself, esp. in foll. senses: 1) (slow and tedious) hauling in, hauling up of a fishing hand-line, when in a very strong current, or when the line chances to stick fast to the sea-bottom; a heavy a.-d., a lang a.-d. 2) on the arrival of a boat at a fishing-ground: the impression formed of the fishing-ground on the first running out of the line (Burra) , = at-komin, war ”

“ The compd. with “af” is certainly old in Shetl.; but it may be noted that a form “lodnin”, sb., is found in L.Sc. (under “laden”, vb., to load, Jam. refers to a “lodnin”, which, however, does not appear in its own proper place; cf. *“lodnit”, perf. part., ladet) . Cf. above afled, vb.
afluva [af·ᶅū·va] , sb., back-sweep of breakers, backwash of waves breaking against the shore, de a. fae (frae) [‘from’] de shore. Fe. *aflǫ́va; O.N. laǫ́, lá, f., Mod. Icel. lá, f., wave; water; liquid; esp. a wave on the beach; sea which washes against the shore. Cf. Shetl. ”

“ Tabu-word, used by fishermen at sea. Wests. From Walls we have “de lous a.”, used of the piece of the line which on breaking was lost in the sea; from Ai. (W. Burr) , on the contrary, of that piece of the line which was hauled into the boat when the lower portion was lost. — arvi perhaps for *armi, *arm-ie, and, in that case, the same word as arm, sb., end of a fishing hand-line ”

“ See aml, etc.
avnet [āvnɛt] , sb., in fishery, esp. herring-fishery, with nets: small net (similar to a trout-net) , by which a man, the so-called skumer, catches the fish (herrings) falling or slipping out of the net. Also abbr.: av [āv] . Un. Doubtless an *afnet for *afnetjanarnet, (small) net with which the fish are taken out of a net; cf. No. avnetja, vb., to take fish out of a net.
avoros, avorous [avō·rȯs] , adj., of fishing-ground: not fished on for a long time, a. grund [grønd] =uvart grund (opp. of boren, reket and utskjumpet grund) . Un. Poss. ”

“ See arel, vb.
arel [ārəl] , vb., to move oneself very feebly or lifelessly; just able to a. (Fe.) , to geng arlin (aboot) ; shø [‘she’] ’s still arlin aboot, she is still crawling about (of a poor sick person) (Sa.) ; de tide is still arlin (Umo.) . In Sa. a parallel form aren [ārən] is found, to a. aboot. — From *ar- of slight movement; see above ar, sb. and vb. For the suffix - (e) l cf. Icel. örla, vb., of waves: to break very slightly (B. H.) .
aren [ārən] , vb. — arel, vb. Sa.
*arff, *airff, *ayrffe, sb. 1) inheritance; share of inheritance; 2) succession to property. ”

“ Fe. With kruki, may be compared krok- in the diminutive deriv. kroklin, small mussel, Icel. and Fær. kræklingur, as well as Icel. krákuskel, a species of mussel, and with ali it might be reasonable to think of O.N. hali, m., tail, on account of the long spiral of the shell. However, Dut. “alikruik” has been defined by van Dale as a small univalve, but by Sicherer and Akveld as a scallop. ”

“ See arel, sb. and vb.
ark [a‘rk] , sb., chest; case, comm. used fig. of a heavily-built and big-boned animal, a great a. o’ a coo [‘cow’] or hweg (heifer) . O.N. ǫrk and arka, f., chest; case; L.Sc. ark, sb., chest.
arm [ārm] , sb., tail-end; end, esp. on a fishing hand-line. Tabu-word at sea. Un. O.N. armr, m., a) arm; b) extremity; extreme edge. arm, a part of the body, in Shetl. is now comm. called: airm [ærm, ǣrm] . — Cf. arvi2 and damp, sb.
arm [ārm] , adj., poor; wretched; weakly and thin; Yh. armet [ārmət] and armin [ārmin] , a.-lookin’: Fe. armet: Du. ”

“ No. amla, vb., to be engaged continually with; to slave; to toil without success; Icel. ambla, vb., to dabble. Diff. from Eng. amble, vb., to go at an ambling pace; to trip.
aml, ammel2 [aməl] , sb., 1) little wooden rod; short fishing-rod, used while fishing from boat near land; Ai. 2) splinter-bar; swingle-tree of a plough; cross-bar between the traces; Du.; mester [mæstər] -a., with team of four (oxen) : long swingle-tree in front of two smaller ones on a plough (Du.) ; “ammel-- tree”, an oblong piece of wood, nailed down to the foremost part of the plough-beam (Irel., Du.) . ”

“ Cf. iveri “heart-cake” = aber h.-c. (opp. to nidi and “feckless” h.-c. as a cure for lack of appetite) . 5) magical; having supernatural power, esp. in the comb. “a. knot, a.-knot”, a magical knot, a slip-knot (knot composed of several hitches) used as a remedy or powerful agent. ”

“ Obs. as an independent word.
aba-knot, aber-knot, sb., see under aber, adj. 5.
abadous, adj., see ubadous.
abder, sb., see obder.
aber [ābər] , adj., 1) sharp; keen, e.g. of the edge of a cutting tool, esp. a knife, a a. edge, a a. knife; Wests., Nmw. 2) with sharp outlines; clear and distinct; de land is very a. de day [‘to-day’] , the land is very clear and distinct to-day (seen far off or from a distance) ; a a. sky, a sky with clouds which are in sharp contrast to the deep-blue in between, or: a clear deep-blue sky which is becoming overcast (harbinger of wind) ; Un ”

“ O.N. alidýr, n., tame animal; domestic animal (“alisvín”, domesticated pig) .
alikadi [ā·likad·i (-käd·i) ] , sb. domesticated lamb; orphan lamb, fostered or reared in the house. More rarely alakadi [ā·lakad·i] . — For ali- see above. — kadi may also denote a petted child; a malicious fellow, and is doubtless the same word as L.Sc. “cadie”, sb., boy; young fellow; No. kate, m., boy; little boy.
aliklover [ā·liklō·vər] and alikløvin [ā·liklø̄·vin] , sb., sheep; lamb, prop. one which is reared at home; tabu-word, used by the fishermen. ”

“ No. as (rush; ferment) in “asveder”, very bad weather with wind and high sea; asa, vb., of the weather: to rage; also osa, vb., and osveder, sb. (R.) .
at1 [at] , prep., at; to; by; with respect to, in several phrases has an application handed down from Norn and diff. from Eng. Examples: 1) prep., a) to ha’e ill (ill will, a pikk) at ane, to bear ill-will towards somebody (Un.) ; what has du at him? what have you against him? (Un.) ; b) to be weel at anesell, to be in good condition, vigorous and well nourished, he (shø) is weel at him (her) ; O.N. vel at sér, capable; good, etc. ”

“ O.N. draga at sér, to draw or drag towards oneself; O.N. atdráttr, m., prop. drawing towards oneself, is handed down in a diff. sense.
atersom [ā··tərsȯm·] , adj., see etersom, etri, adj.
atferd [atfɛrd, atfərd] , sb., behaviour; conduct; manners, he has nae a., he does not understand how to behave himself; now esp. queer conduct; ludicrous deportment. Often in pl.: atferds [atfɛrds, -fərds, atfərs] , wheer (queer) atferds; he has nae [‘no’] atferds = he has nae a. ”

“ The introductory prep. a- stands for *o- as it is unaccented, (a) bunavara may stand for an older * (a) vunavara with usual dropping of the unaccented prep. a-; v in vun-, in that case, has become b by dissimilation under the influence of the foll. v in vara; but the forms with b might also have originated from *uppá vón ok vara.
“*ayning”, *ayng, *eing, sb., the property of a udaler or his right to property. Balfour. Appears in old Sh. deeds; bills of sale written in L.Sc. dial. occas. interspersed with old Norse words and phrases. O.N. eign, f., possession; property. ”

“ Icel. afþekja, vb., to unthatch.
afwinnin [af·wın (n) ·ın] , sb., finishing of the field-work in spring (preparing of the soil in spring, O.N. várvinna, Shetl. vor) ; esp. festivity, festival at the conclusion of the field-work in spring; also partly (festival at) the end of the harvest-work (hay- and corn-harvest) , “afwinnin-day”, day on which an afwinnin-feast is celebrated. *afvinning (and *afvinningardagr) . See winn, vb. (to winn de vor, winn aff) .
ag, agg [ag] , sb., prop. drift, movement (forward) , used in foll. senses: 1) wave-motion; ripple of waves ”

“ Wests. (Sa.) ; 2) very faint life; very feeble movement. esp. in foll. combs.: a ar o’ frost, a) a slight frost; very slightly frosty weather, “hit [‘it’] is very cauld [‘cold’] ; I tink’, der’r a ar o’ frost i’ de air” (Sa.) ; b) very thin and faint layer of rime frost (Sa.) . a ar upo de shore, extremely slight surf; slight wash of the waves on the shore, der’r hardly a ar upo de shore. a ar o’ wind, very light breeze (Yh.) . Icel. ar, n., minute speck of dust; mote in a sunbeam. For *“ar” of feeble movement see below ar, vb., and arel, sb. ”

“ Da. and Sw. dials. adel, al, sb., urine; cattle-wash; liquid manure, Da. dial. ale, vb., Sw. dial. ala, vb., wash (of cattle) , L.G. adeln, vb., to sully with mud; fluid sharn, A.S. adela, O.Eng. adele, Mod. Eng. addle. Cf. the bird-name alamuti, where the first part of the word can be explained in the same way. The name “Allan hawk” is found in certain parts of Scotland and Ireland, partly for “Richardson’s skua” or “skuti-alan”, stercorarius crepidatus (Lat. stercus, n., excrement) , partly for the red-throated diver and for the great northern diver. Cf. with “scouti-aulin” Ork. ”

“ Yh. *af-sker; cf. “af” in O.N. “afdalr”, remote, solitary valley, and Da. “afkrog”.
afskod [afskȯd] , sb., rebound of a wave; backwash of breakers, Nmw. afaskod [af··askȯd·] : N.Roe. *af-skot, shoving off; shoving away; O.N. skot, n., shooting; shot. Cf. otterskod and øverskod, sb.
afsuk [afsuk] , sb., off-shore tide; outward setting tide at the beginning of ebb; — afrog 2 and afron. De. *af-súgr. Fær. súgur (súgvur) , m., and súg (súgv) , f., “rennisúg (ur) ”: back-sweep; sweep of the sea on the shore to and fro; Icel. ”

“ Icel.) annars vetrar, of the second year.
*annehwart [äᶇ··əhwa‘rt·] , adj. and adv., a) as adj.: irregular; changeable, of wind, alternating with calm, a a. wind; b) as adv.: in the expr. “to blaw [‘blow’] a.”; he blaws or is blawin’ a., it blows unsteadily; it is alternately wind and calm. Yh. Prop.: (coming) every other time. *annathvart, -hvárt, neut. from O.N. pron. annarhvarr, -hvárr, every second one. Cf. atrahola.
anns [ans] , sb. pl., husks of corn, esp. of oats. Almost corresponds in form to L.Sc. ”