“ Harding having added a moving celestial body to the list of those that were known before, I was desirous of ascertaining its magnitude; and as in the observations which it was necessary to make I intended chiefly to use a ten-feet reflector, it appeared to me a desideratum highly worthy of investigation to determine how small a diameter of an object might be seen by this instrument. We know that a very thin line may be perceived, and that objects may be seen when they subtend a very small angle ”

“ The cause of the sensibility of the mercury to winds blowing from the sea and from off the land, may perhaps admit of more than one explanation; but the following seems to me to be direct, and tolerably satisfactory. The lower air, when brought in by a wind from the sea, meets with resistance in passing over the land; and to overcome this resistance, it is obliged to rise, and will make itself room by forcing the superincumbent air upwards. ”

“ When there is a glimpse of more condensed light to be seen in the centre, it is so small that it must, be less than two-tenths of a second.
To decide whether this apparent condensed light was a real or spurious disk, I applied different limitations to the aperture of the telescope, but found that the light of the new star was too feeble to permit the use of them. From this I concluded that an increase of light might now be of great use, and viewed the asteroid with a fine 10-feet mirror of 24 inches diameter ”

“ If this is admitted to be a necessary consequence of a wind blowing upon the shore from the sea, it follows, that the mercury ought to stand something higher when such a wind blows, whether it is from the south or any other quarter, than it will with the same wind where it meets no such obstruction; and the more direct it blows upon the coast, and the higher the land is, (all other circumstances being equal,) the higher ought the mercury to rise. On the other hand, when the wind comes from off the hills, this dead and dense air will be displaced, even from its hollows under the highest land ”

“ A fore-knowledge of the wind and weather is an object so very interesting to all classes of men, and the changes in the mercurial barometer affording the means which appear most conducive to it, a system that should with certainty explain the connection between the variations of the mercury and those in the atmosphere under all circumstances, becomes greatly desirable ”

“ In order to appreciate duly the effect of sea and land winds upon the barometer, in the preceding examples, it is necessary to be recollected, that in the southern hemisphere, a wind from the south has a natural tendency to raise the mercury in the open sea, and one from the north to depress it ”

“ Now since the outside rim from 6,5 to 8,8, which reflected less than half the light of the mirror, produced a spurious disk less than ,18 in diameter, and the whole light as we have seen gave a disk of ,31, it is evidently not the quantity of the light, but the part of the mirror from which it is reflected, that we are to look upon as the cause of the magnitude of the spurious disks of objects. ”

“ In this manner, an eddy, or body of compressed, and comparatively inactive air will be formed, which, at first, will occupy all the space below a line drawn from the shore to the top of the highest land; but, almost immediately, the succeeding bodies of air, at a distance from the shore, will feel the effect of the obstruction; and being impelled by those that follow them, will begin to rise, taking their course for the top of the highest land, before they come to the shore ”

“ A real disk of half a second in diameter will become so much larger by the application of a magnifying power of 5 or 6 hundred, that it will be easily distinguished from an equal spurious one, the latter not being affected by power in the same proportion as the former. ”

“ That this Atomick Physiology, rightly understood, is no Nurse to Atheism, but the greatest defence against it: being founded upon this Principle, That Nothing can be caused by Nothing. From whence it was concluded, That in Natural Generations there was no New real Entity produced: And consequently, That the qualities and forms of Inanimate Bodies, are no Entities really distinct from the Magnitude, Figure, Site, and Motion of Parts. And, that Souls are substances Incorporeal, not generated out of Matter. ”

“ The barometer seems capable of affording so much assistance to the commander of a ship, in warning him of the approach and termination of bad weather, and of changes in the direction of the wind, even in the present state of meteorological knowledge, that no officer in a long voyage should foe without one. ”

“ The first body of air, that thus comes in from the sea, being itself obstructed in its velocity, will obstruct the second, which will therefore rise over the first in like manner, to overcome the obstruction ”

“ As the objects made of sealing-wax, on account of their colour, did not appear to be fairly selected for these investigations, I made a set of silver ones. They were formed by running the end of silver wires, the 305th and 340th part of an inch in diameter, into the flame of a candle. It requires some practice to get them globular, as they are very apt to assume the shape of a pear; but they are so easily made that we have only to reject those which do not succeed. ”

“ I viewed a different artificial double star with 522,7, and keeping always the same power, changed the aperture of the telescope.
With the inside rays I found them considerably unequal, and 21/2 diameters of the largest asunder. The spurious disks are perfectly well defined, round, and of a planetary aspect.
With all the mirror open, they are also round and well defined. ”

“ When I viewed the asteroid with 879,4 I found more haziness than an equal star would have given: but this I ascribe to want of light. What I call an equal star, is one that in an achromatic finder appears of equal light.
Oct. 7. Mr. Harding's asteroid has continued its retrograde motion. The weather is not clear enough to allow the use of high powers.
Oct. 8. If the appearance resembling the spurious disks of small stars, which I see with 410,5 in Mr. Harding's asteroid, should be a real diameter, its quantity then by estimation may amount to about 0",3. ”

“ On a tree, at 9620,4 inches from the object mirror of the telescope, I fixed the sealing-wax globules of the 2d experiment. The distance was measured by a chain compared with deal rods, and by calculation the altitude of the objects has been properly taken into the account.
With 502,6 No. 1 is a very large object; so that were I to see a celestial body under the same angle, I could never mis- take it for a small star. The angle it subtends is 0",999.
I see the diameters of No. 2 and 3 very clearly, and can divide them by estimation into two parts, half of No. 3 is 0",311. ”

“ I estimated the vacancy between the cusps of the lunes to be 1/4 diameter of the largest.
On measuring the diameters and distance under the microscope, it appeared that the largest was ,0312; a quarter of which is ,0078. The distance of the globules from each other measured ,0111. The difference in the estimation ,0033 is less than 1/300 part of an inch.
The experiment was repeated with a change of the distance of the globules from each other. They were then estimated to be less than the diameter of the large one asunder, but full that of the small one. ”

“ By Mark Akenside, M.D. Fellow of the College of Physicians, and of the Royal Society. p. 322 XLI. A Letter to the Right Honourable the Earl of Macclesfield, President, the Council, and Fellows, of the Royal Society, concerning the Variation of the Magnetic Needle; with a Sett of Tables annexed, which exhibit the Result of upwards of Fifty Thousand Observations, in Six periodic Reviews, from the Year 1700 to the Year 1756, both inclusive; and are adapted to every Five Degrees of Latitude and Longitude in the more frequented Oceans. ”

“ At a time of the year when bright sun-shine is not very frequent, I found that my silver globules would seldom give me an opportunity for experiments on spurious disks; to obviate this inconvenience, I used small drops of quicksilver. They are more lucid, and will give a bright spot with very little sunshine. ”

“ Hence we may conclude that many causes will have an influence on the apparent diameter of the spurious disks of the stars; but they are so far within the reach of our knowledge, that with a proper regard to them, the conclusion we have drawn in Rem. (2.) "that under the same circumstances "their dimensions are permanent" will still remain good.
SPURIOUS DIAMETERS OF TERRESTRIAL OBJECTS, WITH SIMILAR REMARKS.
7th Experiment with Silver Globules. ”

“ The immediate relation of the most material of these facts, it is probable, will be more acceptable than any prefatory hypothesis of mine; and to it, therefore, I proceed; only premising, that a reference to the chart of Australia will be necessary to the proper understanding of some of the examples. ”

“ As, That there is no Idea of God. Nothing can be created out of Nothing. The Universe can consist of nothing but Space and Body. Assertion of a Deity, arising meerly from the abstract Names and Notions of things. ”

“ With 522,7 I saw them all perfectly well, but the small quantity of light thrown on them was not sufficient to make angular experiments upon them. As objects I saw them as easily as in the day time. Probably the phases of the illuminated disks I saw might be such as the moon would show when about 9 or 10 days old. The angle of No. 8, had it been full, would have been 0",519. A better way of illumination might be contrived.
SPURIOUS DIAMETERS OF CELESTIAL OBJECTS.
Observations and Experiments, with Remarks. ”

“ Here also of the Atheistick Theogonism; which, though it asserted Many Gods, and also One Supream, yet, that all were generated out of Night and Chaos, and thereinto corruptible. Besides these, of a fourth, which seemeth to be but the corruption of Stoicism; and which he styleth, the Cosmoplastick Form. This concluded the whole World, not to be an Animal (as the Pagan Theists generally supposed) but to be One huge Plant, having an Artificial, Plastick and Vegetable Nature, as its highest Principle. ”

“ People of Circassi make drink of Millet, and choose their Bread of that rather than Wheaten. Lesser Tartars drink no Water by their good will, but only Milk; refuse no Diet but Swines-flesh; never eat Salt, yet live long. How they feed their Cattel, &c.
Of their Diseases, Physicians, and Cures, some account. Gangrene in the Throat and Mouth a disease common about Erivan. Worms bred in the Limbs of a wonderful length. How the people of Comania and Circassia treat the sick, and cure the Head-ach, &c.
Commodities, Trades, and Coins. Tauris the Mart for Turky, Muscovy the Indies, and Persia. ”

“ Pagans held the World to be one Animal. Not cut off from the Deity. Their knowledge of One Supream asserted by the Hebrews. Testified in Scripture. They worshipped the rest as Mediators. The Supream God Polyonymous amongst them. Pan, Janus, Genius, Saturn, &c, all Names of the Supream God. More popular and Poetick Gods, the same. The Philosophick and Physiologick Theology different. Apuleius's reduction of the Pagan Gods to Plato's Idea's. God, according to the Pagan Theology, pervadeth all things. A higher strain of the Pagan Theology, that God is all things. ”

“ Knowledge and Power alone, make not up a God. A Good superiour to Knowledge. Morality in the Nature of God. Onlyness, contained in the Divine Idea: Against which, the Pagan Polytheism the grand Objection. The Ditheistick Doctrine. Of the Platonick origin of Evils. Pagans, not generally Ditheists. Things of Nature personated and Deified, but several Names of God. All the Pagan gods derived from one Supream. The Pagan Theogonia the same with the Cosmogonia. The Pagans Eternal gods derived from one Supream. ”

“ Without sup- posing that every estimation may be made at this distance with equal accuracy, to the hundredth part of an inch, it is sufficiently evident that no material deception can take place in estimating by either of the sets of circles on account of their colour. ”

“ Of which, most of the principal Heads are these following, viz.
Sense, not Knowledge. Thoughts of what is not in sense, an evidence of things not sensible. God, not unconceivable. Certain, that Never Nothing. ”

“ Sept. 25. The moon was too bright to see minute objects well, and my description the night before, for the same reason, had not been sufficiently particular; nor did I expect, from the account received, that the star had Retrograded ao far in its orbit. ”

“ Harding's, the last must be at least as small as the smallest of the former, which is that of Dr. Olbers."
"The star k, Fig. 1, observed Sept. 24, is wanting, and was therefore the object I was in search of, which by computation must have been that day in the place where I saw it."
"The new star being now in the meridian with all those to which I am comparing it, and the air at this altitude being very clear, I still find appearances as before described: the new object cannot be distinguished from the stars by magnifying power, so that this celestial body is a true asteroid." Mr. ”

“ Of Boutan, the wonderful reverence the people have for their King. Of the Bramins and Camocks. The people of Saba, who never live above 40 years. The Bannians, who never kill any thing. Kingdom of Eipra, where the people have oftentimes great Wens under their Throats, especially the Women. ”

“ Epicurus, the only Philosopher asserting many Independent gods. Pythagoras's Monad. His Tetractys, the Tetragrammaton of Hebrew Name of God consisting of four letters. Heraclitus, Anaxagoras, Parmenides, Melissus, Zeno Eleates, Empedocles, Timæus Locrus, Euclides, Antisthenes, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Speucippus, Xenocrates, Theophrastus, Cleanthes, Cicero, asserters of One Supream. So, Symmachus, Seneca, Plutarch, Galen, Maximus Tyrius, Plotinus, &c. Varro's Natural Theology, distinct from the Mythycal and Civil. Vulgar Pagans acknowledg'd also Many gods, yet One Supream. ”