“ Outwardly, she might scowl and glower, but her heart beat quick at the touch of the girl's hands, her colour rose at the tones of the low voice; some women are thus moved by little children. Jo, repressed and suppressed, was like a delicate instrument upon which her own starved maternal instinct now played riotously. ”
Jo
Definition and stakes
The literary concept of "Jo" represents a multifaceted archetype of female independence, emotional depth, and societal negotiation, as examined by authors from the 19th to early 20th centuries. Louisa May Alcott’s Jo March, in Little Women, exemplifies this through her struggle to balance ambition with femininity, while other writers, such as E. W. Howe and Kate Dickinson Sweetser, portray Jo as a character confronting poverty, identity, and social limitations.
From Alcott’s depiction of Jo’s “prickly exterior” concealing inner tenderness to the introspective despair of “Mam’selle Jo,” the theme illustrates shifting narratives about women’s roles. These diverse portrayals collectively highlight Jo’s lasting significance as a symbol of resilience and the conflict between personal fulfillment and external pressures.
Quotes about “Jo”
“ Then Jo caught a glimpse of her reflection in the mirror over the stove! As she looked, her excitement lessened, the depression of the afternoon overcame her. She acknowledged that she looked old and ugly. A woman first to be despised, then ridiculed, by men. "Buy a husband!" She, Jo Morey, who had once had her vision and the dreams of a woman. She, who had had so much to offer in her shabby youth, so much that was fine and noble. Intelligence that had striven with, and overcome, obstacles; a passion for service, passion and love. ”
Louisa May Alcott,
Little Women
(1869)
“ Seeing this did more for Jo than the wisest sermons, the saintliest hymns, the most fervent prayers that any voice could utter; for, with eyes made clear by many tears, and a heart softened by the tenderest sorrow, she recognized the beauty of her sister's life—uneventful, unambitious, yet full of the genuine virtues which "smell sweet, and blossom in the dust"; the self-forgetfulness that makes the humblest on earth remembered soonest in heaven, the true success which is possible to all. ”
Louisa May Alcott,
Little Women; Or, Meg, Jo, Beth…
“ It's just what you need to bring out the tender, womanly half of your nature, Jo. You are like a chestnut-burr, prickly outside, but silky-soft within, and a sweet kernel, if one can only get at it. Love will make you show your heart some day, and then the rough burr will fall off. ”
Louisa May Alcott,
Jo's Boys
(1886)
“ Mrs Jo turned short round, and putting a hand on either broad shoulder, looked him in the eye, saying soberly: 'Now, Dan, see here; never sneer at good things or pretend to be worse than you are. Don't let false shame make you neglect the religion without which no man can live. You needn't talk about it if you don't like, but don't shut your heart to it in whatever shape it comes. Nature is your God now; she has done much for you; let her do more, and lead you to know and love a wiser and more tender teacher, friend, and comforter than she can ever be. ”
Louisa May Alcott,
Jo's Boys
(1886)
“ No, I feel in my prophetic bones that something is wrong,' said Mrs Jo, looking as solemn as Fate in a breakfast-cap. 'Then we shall hear; ill news always travels fast. Don't borrow trouble, Jo, but hear how well Nat is getting on. ”
E. W. Howe,
The Story of a Country Town
“ THE GRAVE BY THE PATH. I HAVE heard that dreams go by contraries; whether they do or not Jo was in my mind a great deal that night, and he was once more free to go where he pleased, without the restraint of cruel stone walls and iron doors. I thought of him as I had seen him during the first year of his apprenticeship at Damon Barker’s, when he was full of hope for the future, and tender as a child because of his love for Mateel, and we were happy together again, without knowledge of the unhappiness in both our lives. ”
Kate Dickinson Sweetser, Ten Boys from Dickens
“ It must be a strange state to be like Jo, not to know the feeling of a whole suit of clothes—to wear even in summer the same queer remnant of a fur cap; to be always dirty and ragged; to shuffle through the streets, unfamiliar with the shapes, and in utter darkness as to the meaning, of those mysterious symbols so abundant over the doors and at corners of the streets, and on the doors and in the windows. ”
Louisa May Alcott,
Little Women
(1869)
“ Jo, I'm ashamed of you! No, you shall not go there to borrow an umbrella, or find out where he is, from his friends. You shall slop away, and do your errands in the rain; and if you catch your death, and ruin your bonnet, it's no more than you deserve. ”
Louisa May Alcott,
Little Women; Or, Meg, Jo, Beth…
“ Get up, and don't be a goose, Jo," was the cavalier reply to her petition."Thank you; I will. Could I ask what's the matter? You don't look exactly easy in your mind.""I've been shaken, and I won't bear it!" growled Laurie indignantly. "Who did it?" demanded Jo."Grandfather; if it had been any one else I'd have—" and the injured youth finished his sentence by an energetic gesture of the right arm."That's nothing; I often shake you, and you don't mind," said Jo soothingly."Pooh! you're a girl, and it's fun; but I'll allow no man to shake me." ”
Ella Cheever Thayer, Wired Love (1880)
“ Neither in the least sentimental or jealous was Jo! But for all that, and for some unexplained reason, he was not quite so even in his spirits as he was wont to be, sometimes being very happy, and then terribly depressed. Did he eat too much, or too little, which? For if it was not the first commencement of a first love—and of course it was not—it must have been his digestion that ailed him! ”
Various, The Atlantic Monthly (1858)
“ And I am what Jo said I should have been,--a blessed mother, as well as a happy wife. The baby that lies across my lap has traits that endear her to me doubly,--traits of each of us three cousins: Josephine's hair on her little nestling head, Letty's apple-blossom complexion, and my eyes, except that they are serene when they are not smiling. I ask only of the love that has given me all this unexpected joy, that my little Jo may have one better trait,--her father's heart; a stronger, tenderer, and purer heart than belonged to any one among "Three of us!" ”
“ Jo laughed, a hard, bitter laugh."You men!" she sneered, "ever since Abraham carried his poor boy up the mountain to lay him on the altar, you've all been alike, you fathers! You don't lay yourselves on the fire, not you! You don't even live your decent best when you might, but you're ready enough with the sacrifice of your young. ”
“ Then Nick stopped short and strained forward as if sensing something in the dark that not even the lantern could disclose."So, Nick!" laughed Jo, "you feel it, too? It's all right, old man. The mystery of the shed has upset us both. It's always the same, whether it comes to woman or creature. Something hidden makes us see it, but our eyes are blind, blind to the meaning."Then Jo resorted to action. She carried a load of wood from the pile to the living room; with bated breath she placed it in the stove. ”
“ As if to emphasize the moment, Nick, abristle and teeth showing, snarled gloomily as he eyed Gavot's feet."Something like that?" repeated Jo with a thrill in her tones. "You insult me, Gavot! Something like that. What do you mean?""God of mercy, Mam'selle," Gavot was genuinely alarmed, "I ask you to—be—my wife."Jo leaned back in her chair. "I wish you'd talk less of the Almighty, Gavot. I reckon the Lord can speak for himself, if men, specially such men as you, get out of his way. It sickens me to have to find the meaning of God through—men. And you ask me to be your wife? You. ”
“ You are going to be a hero, and are going to see strange sights perhaps. I can see farther than you can; and I know the meaning of your going down to the riverside, as you have done a good many times lately. I know what you will make up your mind to be, although I sha'n't say until you tell me yourself. Well, Jo, I want you to fancy, if I don't know what is happening to you--if you are in any strange place, and are seeing wonderful things--I want you to fancy, 'Dan is here with me, although I cannot see him.' Will you do that, Jo, dear? ”
Louisa May Alcott,
Jo's Boys
(1886)
“ I'm lying in wait for all three boys today, like an old spider; and I will have a good talk with each. They know I understand them, and they always open their hearts sooner or later. You look like a nice, plump little Quakeress, Meg; and no one will believe that big boy is your son,' added Mrs Jo, as Demi came in shining with Sunday neatness, from his well-blacked boots to his smooth brown head. 'You flatter me, to soften my heart toward your boy. I know your ways, Jo, and I don't give in. ”
Louisa May Alcott,
Jo's Boys — Chapter V. VACATION
(1886)
“ He'll never sink with such a buoyant spirit to keep him afloat through life,' said Mrs Jo, as the roses were tossed back with much applause when the song ended.'Not he; and it's a blessing to be grateful for, isn't it? We moody people know its worth. ”
“ In the midst of this agreeable chat the sudden striking of a clock recalled Mrs Jo from romance to reality, and she exclaimed, with a clutch at her crimping-pins: 'My blessed people, you must eat and rest; and I must dress, or receive in this disgraceful rig. Meg, will you take Ludmilla and Mary upstairs and see to them? Franz knows the way to the dining-room. Fritz, come with me and be made tidy, for what with heat and emotion, we are both perfect wrecks.' Chapter 19. ”
Louisa May Alcott,
Little Women; Or, Meg, Jo, Beth…
“ We might as well be in a treadmill.""My patience, how blue we are!" cried Jo. "I don't much wonder, poor dear, for you see other girls having splendid times, while you grind, grind, year in and year out. Oh, don't I wish I could manage things for you as I do for my heroines! You're pretty enough and good enough already, so I'd have some rich relation leave you a fortune unexpectedly; then you'd dash out as an heiress, scorn every one who has slighted you, go abroad, and come home my Lady Something, in a blaze of splendor and elegance." ”
Louisa May Alcott,
Little Women
(1869)
“ Jo's angles are much softened; she has learned to carry herself with ease, if not grace. The curly crop has been lengthened into a thick coil, more becoming to the small head atop of the tall figure. There is a fresh color in her brown cheeks, a soft shine in her eyes; only gentle words fall from her sharp tongue to-day. ”
“ Most men of Jo's age were standing before their mirror of a Saturday night, whistling blithely and abstractedly while they discarded a blue polka-dot for a maroon tie, whipped off the maroon for a shot-silk and at the last moment decided against the shot-silk in favor of a plain black-and-white because she had once said she preferred quiet ties. Jo, when he should have been preening his feathers for conquest, was saying: "Well, my God, I AM hurrying! Give a man time, can't you? I just got home. You girls been laying around the house all day. No wonder you're ready." ”
James L. Hughes,
Dickens As an Educator
“ He had no apperceptive centres in his experience or his training to which your kind of religious teaching was related.Poor Jo! He was the first great illustration, and he is still the best, of the great pedagogical truth, that we see, and hear, and understand in all that is around us only what corresponds to what we are within; that our power to see, and hear, and understand increases as our inner life is cultured and developed; and that a life as barren as that of the great class of whom Jo was made the type makes it impossible to comprehend any teaching of an abstract kind. ”
Louisa May Alcott,
Jo's Boys — Chapter XXI. ASLAUGA'S KNIGHT
(1886)
“ I wish I could give you any hope; but we both know that the dear child is the apple of her father's eye, the pride of her mother's heart, and that the most perfect lover they can find will hardly seem to them worthy of their precious daughter. Let her remain for you the high, bright star that leads you up and makes you believe in heaven.' Mrs Jo broke down there; it seemed so cruel to destroy the faint hope Dan's eyes betrayed, that she could not moralize when she thought of his hard life and lonely future. ”
Louisa May Alcott,
Little Men: Life at Plumfield With Jo's Boys
“ She polishes them unconsciously, and fills her place as any lovely woman may, using her gentle influence to lift and hold them above the coarse, rough things of life, and keep them gentlemen in the best sense of the fine old word.” “It is not always the ladies who do that best, Jo. It is sometimes the strong brave woman who stirs up the boy and makes a man of him;” and Laurie bowed to her with a significant laugh. ”
Louisa May Alcott,
Little Women
(1869)
“ "I've loved you ever since I've known you, Jo,—couldn't help it, you've been so good to me,—I've tried to show it, but you wouldn't let me; now I'm going to make you hear, and give me an answer, for I can't go on so any longer." ”
Ethel M. Dell, The Obstacle Race
“ In a few moments he came to her with a tall glass in his hand containing a frothy drink. "Look here, Juliette!" he said. "Come to France with me in the Night Moth, and we'll find Lady Jo!"She accepted the drink and lay back without looking at him. "You always were an eccentric," she said. "I don't want to find Lady Jo."He sat on the head of the settee at her elbow. "It's quite a fair offer," he said, as if she had not spoken. "You will—eventually—return from Paris, and no one will ever know. In these days a woman of the world pleases herself and is answerable to none. ”
Louisa May Alcott,
Jo's Boys
(1886)
“ Not so much as I used, though,' added Dan, after a short laugh at Mrs Jo's surprised face. 'I'll try your plan, and keep good company this bout if I can; but a man can't pick and choose, knocking about as I do.' 'Yes, you can this time; for you are going on a peaceful errand and can keep clear of temptation if you try. Take some books and read; that's an immense help; and books are always good company if you have the right sort. Let me pick out some for you.' And Mrs Jo made a bee-line to the well-laden shelves, which were the joy of her heart and the comfort of her life. ”
Louisa May Alcott,
Little Women; Or, Meg, Jo, Beth…
“ I want some twilled silesia, a paper of number nine needles, and two yards of narrow lavender ribbon. Have you got your thick boots on, and something warm under your cloak?""I believe so," answered Jo absently."If you happen to meet Mr. Bhaer, bring him home to tea. I quite long to see the dear man," added Mrs. March.Jo heard that, but made no answer, except to kiss her mother, and walk rapidly away, thinking with a glow of gratitude, in spite of her heartache,—"How good she is to me! What do girls do who haven't any mothers to help them through their troubles?" ”
Louisa May Alcott,
Little Women
“ Now, if she had been the heroine of a moral storybook, she ought at this period of her life to have become quite saintly, renounced the world, and gone about doing good in a mortified bonnet, with tracts in her pocket. But, you see, Jo wasn’t a heroine, she was only a struggling human girl like hundreds of others, and she just acted out her nature, being sad, cross, listless, or energetic, as the mood suggested. ”
Louisa May Alcott,
Jo's Boys — Chapter XXI. ASLAUGA'S KNIGHT
(1886)
“ I'm all right—glad you know, though I never meant to tell you. Of course it is only a crazy fancy of mine, and nothing can ever come of it. Never thought there would. Good Lord! what could that little angel ever be to me but what she is—a sort of dream of all that's sweet and good?'More afflicted by the quiet resignation of his look and tone than by the most passionate ardour, Mrs Jo could only say, with a face full of sympathy:'It is very hard, dear, but there is no other way to look at it. You are wise and brave enough to see that, and to let the secret be ours alone.''I swear I will! ”
Emma Speed Sampson, The Shorn Lamb (1922)
“ Sometimes he would climb a willow tree, hiding from her until she was in midstream, jumping from stone to stone, and then he would suddenly call out like a screech owl, and be highly delighted if Rebecca should start with fright and slip into the shallow water, wetting her little shoes. Jo taught her many things besides how to bluff a cowardly ram; lore that is almost instinctive knowledge with children born in the country. She drank in the information greedily, taking in all Jo told her as shining truth. ”
Louisa May Alcott,
Little Women
“ You shall be commander of the expedition, and I’ll obey blindly, will that satisfy you?” said Jo, with a sudden change from perversity to lamblike submission. “You’re a perfect cherub! Now put on all your best things, and I’ll tell you how to behave at each place, so that you will make a good impression. I want people to like you, and they would if you’d only try to be a little more agreeable. Do your hair the pretty way, and put the pink rose in your bonnet. It’s becoming, and you look too sober in your plain suit. Take your light gloves and the embroidered handkerchief. ”
