Borstal

“ In the lower extremity, a large number of normal and adventitious bursae are met with and may be the seat of bursitis. That over the _tuberosity of the ischium_, when enlarged as a trade disease, is known as "weaver's" or "tailor's bottom." It may form a fluctuating swelling of great size, projecting on the buttock and extending down the thigh, and causing great inconvenience in sitting (Fig. 116) . It sometimes contains a number of loose bodies. ”

“ Infective bursitis; Traumatic or trade bursitis; Bursal hydrops; Solid bursal tumour; Gonorrhoeal and suppurative forms of bursitis; Tuberculous and syphilitic disease--Tumours--_Diseases of individual bursae in the upper and lower extremities_. A bursa is a closed sac lined by endothelium and containing synovia. Some are normally present--for instance, that between the skin and the patella, and that between the aponeurosis of the gluteus maximus and the great trochanter. ”

“ But, you fool,’ said he, pushing Hunter violently on the breast, ‘do you know whom you are going to tackle with?—this is the young chap that beat Blazing Bosville, only as late as yesterday, in Mumpers’ Dingle. Grey Moll told me all about it last night, when she came for some brandy for her husband, who, she said, had been half killed; and she described the young man to me so closely that I knew him at once, that is, as soon as I saw how his left hand was bruised, for she told me he was a left-hand hitter. Aren’t it all true, young man? ”

“ Olimpia, clinging to life, was driven upon the second course. It took two halberdiers to hold her up.
Borso had before him the deposition of the page-boy and the report of the watch. From the words of the first he suspected that both women were concerned—until he had heard the second. This was to the effect that the Captain's head had been cut off.
"No, no," said Borso to himself, "I am heartily sorry for my young friend the chimney-sweeping poet, but I can't think him a fool. He would never have married a woman who could cut off a man's head. Yet stay! ”

“ The affection is known as Achillo-bursitis. There is severe pain in the region of the insertion of the tendo-calcaneus, the movements at the ankle-joint are restricted, and the patient may be unable to walk. There is a tender swelling on either side of the tendon. When, in spite of palliative treatment, the affection persists or relapses, it is best to excise the bursa. The tendo-calcaneus is detached from the calcaneus, the bursa dissected out, and the tendon replaced. If there is a bony projection from the calcaneus, it should be shaved off with the chisel. ”

“ A bursa exercises a function in the animal body which is the direct opposite of that shown to belong to the flexures of the hand and foot. Whereas the latter are adapted to the preven­tion of slipping in the act of prehension, bursæ are delicate contrivances for producing the maximum effect of sliding, within certain limits, between two opposed surfaces, either between the skin and a hard surface beneath it, between two muscles, or a tendon as it moves over a bone. ”

“ I may say, however, that for elegance, elasticity, beauty of form, and movement, there is no breed to surpass the Borzois and I have no doubt they will continue to increase in popularity. The points most sought after in the breed are:—narrow, domed, and long skulls, long, powerful jaws, with rather arched noses, soft and intelligent expression; very powerful, slightly arched and longish sides, on sloping shoulders, deep but rather narrow chests; backs rising in a gradual curve at loins, very muscular, but appearance of being rather "tucked up;" forelegs straight, strong and well under body ”

“ Some Borax they applied.
So on a board they wrote a sign,
And tacked it to a tree,
Right in the middle of the grove
Where everyone could see.
It said: “There’s nothing quite so good
With which to brush the teeth,
As 20-Mule-Team-Borax. Yours,”
And signed their names beneath.
“One day, within a grove of spruce, they gathered gum to chew.”
A CASE OF CHICKEN-POX
A mule broke out with chicken-pox—
Broke out his tent, you see,
And so exposed the other mules
That chanced around to be. ”

“ I tell you what, young man, you are not over civil this evening; but you are ill, as I said before, and I sha’n’t take much notice of your language, at least for the present; as for my size, I am not so much bigger than yourself; and as for being fierce, you should be the last one to fling that at me. It is well for you that I can be fierce sometimes. If I hadn’t taken your part against Blazing Bosville, you wouldn’t be now taking tea with me.”
“It is true that you struck me in the face first; but we’ll let that pass. So that man’s name is Bosville; what’s your own?”
p. 464“Isopel Berners.” ”

“ I produced a penknife which I had in my pocket, and, baring the arm of the Tinman, was about to make the necessary incision, when the woman gave me a violent blow, and, pushing me aside, exclaimed, “I’ll tear the eyes out of your head, if you offer to touch him. Do you want to complete your work, and murder him outright, now he’s asleep? you have had enough of his blood already.” “You are mad,” said I, “I only seek to do him service. Well, if you won’t let him be blooded, fetch some water and fling it into his face, you know where the pit is.” ”

“ To Ulcerated Buboes, and Sloughing Ulcers, a solution of Borax (two drachms in a pint of water or Camphor julep) often proves very useful by cleansing the surface and hastening the healing process. It should be applied on rags well over the whole sore, and renewed frequently by night and day. For dressing Delhi Sores, and stimulating them to healthy action, a favourite application is composed of Borax, Sulphur, and Catechu, of each, finely powdered, one drachm, and Ghee one ounce. ”

“ Frederic S. Barff of Kilburn, England, it seems was the first to combine boracic acid with glycerine, and to produce a preservative compound known as boroglyceride, which is soluble in water and alcohol. As boracic acid is but slightly soluble in water and other common solvents this combination with glycerine—which is also a useful agent in arresting the growth of germs—is peculiarly valuable. It is tasteless and inodorous and imparts no dis­agree­able taste or odor to the substance being treated. ”

“ The flexor and extensor tendons and the sesamoid bones are displaced laterally. The ligaments and other soft parts on the medial side are elongated, while those on the lateral side are contracted.
In women, the chief complaint may be of the disfigurement of the boot; in others, of pain and disability resulting from the sensitiveness of the joint and of the enlarged bursa over the head of the first metatarsal. The inflamed bursa, which sometimes communicates with the joint, may suppurate, and the infection may spread to the joint. ”

“ The surgeon examined into the state of my bruised limb, and told me, what indeed I already well knew, that it was rapidly improving. ‘You will not even require a sling,’ said he, ‘to ride to Horncastle. When do you propose going?’ he demanded. ‘When do you think I may venture?’ I replied. ‘I think, if you are a tolerably good horseman, you may mount the day after to-morrow,’ answered the medical man. ‘By-the-by, are you acquainted with anybody at Horncastle?’ ‘With no living soul,’ I answered. ‘Then you would scarcely find stable room for your horse. But I am happy to be able to assist you. ”

“ Boracic Acid.—If any one of the borates is mixed with two parts of a flux composed of one part of pulverized fluorspar, and four and a half parts of bisulphate of potash, and after being melted, is put upon the coil of a platinum wire, and held at the point of the blue flame, soon after fusion takes place a dark green color is discerned, but it is not of long duration. ”

“ The skin being very mobile, and the subcutaneous connective tissue very loose, they readily yield and become separated. The inflammatory symptoms disappear, and are followed by a swelling under the skin, which is compressible all over, and can readily be reduced, whereupon it gives forth a gurgling noise, or a sound as of borborygmus. Reduction is easier when the animal is lying on its left side, or on its back. ”

“ Simple stomatitis of the ox generally tends to spontaneous and early recovery. The simplest astringent and antiseptic treatment is usually sufficient to bring about a healthy action. Borax given in the drinking water, not to exceed four ounces per day, or the same amount mixed with syrup or honey and smeared occasionally on the tongue, or hyposulphite or sulphite of soda, or weak solutions of carbolic acid will usually suffice, after the irritant cause has been removed. ”

“ These affections are characterised by an effusion of fluid into the sac of the bursa with thickening of its lining membrane. While friction and pressure are the most evident factors in their production, it is probable that there is also some toxic agent concerned, otherwise these affections would be much more common than they are. ”

“ And so this story we will end,
With three good hearty cheers
For Borax and the twenty mules,
And forty waving ears!
“The mules declared he looked just like a great big wooly sheep.”
THE END.
A WORD ABOUT BORAX
BORAX A HOUSEHOLD NECESSITY Everyone who values cleanliness and sweetness should use Borax. ”

“ It is also good as a gargle for tonsilitis and sore throat.
Emetic for Croup.—Put a heaping teaspoonful in thirty-two teaspoonfuls of water or syrup and give a teaspoonful every fifteen minutes until vomiting is produced. It is often used stronger when quick action is desired. It is a mild astringent and thus used to check mucous discharges from the bowels, etc. Burnt powdered alum is often used to destroy "proud flesh."
BORAX (Sodium Borate) .—This drug as it appears in commerce of America is derived entirely from natural deposits found on the shores of lakes of California and Nevada. ”

“ The Cutting is usually begun in the lower Part to end in the Vessels near the Arm-Pit, where a small Piece of Flesh is left, to stop the Blood with greater Facility: Then having laid a Piece of Vitriol upon the Vessels, or Bolsters soakt in styptick Water; the sides of the Breast are to be press'd with the Hand, to let out the Blood and Humours; and an Actual Cautery is to be lightly apply'd thereto.
The Dressing. The Wound is to be dress'd with Pledgets strew'd with Astringent Powders, a Plaister, a Bolster, a Napkin round the Brest, and a Scapulary to support the whole Bandage. ”

“ Analysis of specimens purchased from different sources in the open market were made under our direction. The reports of the chemists show that Tyree’s antiseptic powder contains no borax, or mere traces only, and that it contains no alum, or mere traces only. Instead, the analyses show that boric acid and zinc sulphate are the essential constituents. The amounts of carbolic acid, thymol, menthol, 124etc., contained in the powder, if present, were far below the quantities indicated by the formula. The presence of glycerin could not be demonstrated, and if present the amount must be very small. ”

“ The mules all cheered and waved their ears,
And with a hearty will.
“But Borax poultice well applied at once relieved his pain—”
ACCIDENT ON THE WAY TO NURSERY
“My noble men,” the Captain said,
“We’ll take a change of air,
And look into the nursery,
And rout the Imps in there.
The children’s health must be preserved—
No duty is more plain—
So we will purify their room,
And thus their favor gain.” ”

“ Definition.—Chronic inflammatory changes occurring in connection with the navicular bursa, affecting variously the bursa itself, the perforans tendon, or the navicular bone, and characterized by changes in the form of the hoof and persisting lameness. The disease is commonly noticed in thoroughbreds or in horses of the lighter breeds, and is but seldom observed in heavy cart animals. Usually it is met with in one or both fore-feet. Although of extremely rare occurrence, it has been noticed in the hind. ”

“ I had been terribly shaken by my fall, and had subsequently, owing to the incision of the surgeon’s lancet, been deprived of much of the vital fluid; it is when the body is in such a state that the merest trifles affect and agitate the mind; no wonder, then, that the return of the surgeon and the master of the house for the purpose of inquiring whether I would sell my horse struck me as being highly extraordinary, considering the hour of the night, and the situation in which they knew me to be. What could they mean by such conduct—did they wish to cheat me of the animal? ”

“ XIII.—In a solution of borax in water soak a good quantity of glue until it has thoroughly imbibed the liquid. Pour off the surplus solution and then put on the water bath and melt the glue. Cool down until the glue begins to set, then add, drop by drop, with agitation, enough acetic acid to check the tendency to solidification. If, after becoming quite cold, there is still a tendency to solidification, add a few drops more of the acid. The liquid should be of the consistence of ordinary mucilage at all times. ”

“ The brain and the sub-oesophageal ganglia are closely approximated; there are two or three thoracic and four (rarely five) abdominal ganglia. In the female each ovary has four ovarian tubes, in which the large egg-cells are enclosed in follicles and associated with nutritive cells. There is a special bursa which in the Hepialidae opens with the vagina on the eighth abdominal sternum. In the Micropterygidae, Enocraniidae and the lower Tineides, the duct of the bursa leads into the vagina, which still opens on the eighth sternum. ”