Flux

“ The incessant tendency of material forces is toward final equilibrium; and if the quantity of this tendency be finite, a time of repose must come at last. If one portion of the universe be hotter than another, a flux instantly sets in to equalise the temperatures; while winds blow and rivers roll in search of a stable equilibrium. ”

“ But these functions will vary with the position of the point considered with reference to the adjacent molecules. Now the expression for the kinetic energy of the irregular part of the flux,
indicates that the we may regard the infinitesimal element the energy (due to this part of the flux) Let us consider the energy due to the irregular flux which will belong to the above defined element which is not infinitely small, but which has the advantage of being one of physically similar elements which make up the whole medium. ”

“ If we consider a constant direction of displacement while the period varies, and will only vary so far as the type of the motion varies, i.e., so far as the manner in which the flux distributes itself among the ponderable molecules and intermolecular spaces, and the extent to which the molecules take part in the motion are changed. ”

“ First then we see that the revolutions of heavenly bodies are accomplished in calculated times; as also the flux and reflux of the sea. The motion of heavy bodies to the earth, and of light bodies toward the heavens, is accomplished in definite periods, varying with the bodies moved and the medium through which they move. ”

“ Our minds, like our bodies, are in continual flux; something is hourly lost, and something acquired. ”

“ Still more. When I was three, and four, and five years of age, I was not yet I. I was a mere becoming, a flux of spirit not yet cooled solid in the mould of my particular flesh and time and place. In that period all that I had ever been in ten thousand lives before strove in me, and troubled the flux of me, in the effort to incorporate itself in me and become me. ”

“ All religions, even the most conservative and traditional, are in constant flux, they either advance or decay.
The above sentence is thus punctuated in the Enclycopedia Britannica and the New Standard Dictionary. We know of no 129meaning of the comma that indicates the real sense relation between “in constant flux” and what follows. Nor is this relation that shown by the colon; for a thing,—for instance, the ocean,—may be in constant flux, and yet not either advance or decay.
The meaning of the language requires “and” after “flux,” preferably with a semicolon before it. ”

“ The flux of electricity per unit of new surface formed, which will maintain a surface in a constant condition while it is extended, is represented by in numerical value, and its direction, when is negative, is from the mercury into the acid. ”

“ On the other hand, the flux of heat in any direction at any point of a solid body may be defined as the quantity of heat which crosses a small area drawn perpendicular to that direction divided by that area and by the time. ”

“ If in two-dimensional motion the successive increments of flux be represented by increments of a quantity it can be shown that the lines and the lines may be interchanged, the lines of equal flux becoming equipotentials, and vice versâ. ”

“ If, therefore, that fluxion be denoted by ̇υ, we shall have flux. Q ́ q + R ́ r &c. = ̇υ, and consequently Q ́ q + R ́ r &c. = υ. But Q ́ q + R ́ r &c. (by the same notation) appears to be the fluxion of Q ́q ́ + R ́r ́ &c. (or of Qq + Rr &c.) arising by substituting u for ẏ, making u alone variable, and casting off ̇u. Whence the following
General Rule. Take the fluxion of the given expression (whose fluent is required to be a maximum or minimum) making ẏ alone variable ”

“ The following are empirical laws still waiting to be resolved into the simpler laws from which they are derived: the local laws of the flux and reflux of the tides in different places; the succession of certain kinds of weather to certain appearances of sky; the apparent exceptions to the almost universal truth that bodies expand by increase of temperature; the law that breeds, both animal and vegetable, are improved by crossing; that gases have a strong tendency to permeate animal membranes ”

“ In order to explain clearly, and in as short space as possible, what these transformations are, and how they are brought about, we may consider:—1. The changes that take place in the descending mass, composed of ore, fuel and flux. ”

“ Combine and define confine + ment.—What other part of speech than a verb is "confine"? Ans. A noun.—Write a sentence containing the word "confines."
(6.) Find in the dictionary the meaning of "chemical affinity."
18. FLU'ERE: flu'o, flux'um, to flow. Radicals: flu- and flux-.
1. flux: from fluxum = a flowing.
2. flu'ent: flu + ent = having the quality of flowing. Used in reference to language it means flowing speech: hence, voluble.
3. flu'id, n.: flu + id = Flowing: hence, anything that flows.
4. flu'ency: flu + ency = state of flowing (in reference to language) . ”

“ The constant flux and caprice of mental events do not admit of the establishment of stable experimental conditions. ”

“ A quantity thus increasing by uniform fluxion, is what we now call an independent variable.
Newton continues: "Now those quantities which I consider as gradually and indefinitely increasing, I shall hereafter call fluents, or flowing quantities, and shall represent them by the final letters of the alphabet, v, x, y, and z;...and the velocities by which every fluent is increased by its generating motion (which I may call fluxions, or simply velocities, or celerities) , I shall represent by the same letters pointed, thus, , , , . ”

“ A circulation, which is but a repetition of rhythmical motion, once set up, organization is complete. Endow this organization with continuity, or the power of repeating itself, which the rhythmical circulation and polarity are capable of doing; endow it with the power of inspiring other colloid and crystalloid atoms with like vibrations, attracting them into its own mass, and then ejecting them again, arranged in form like to the original cell, which it will continue to do from habit, and you have living creatures. ”

“ For all symbols are fluxional; all language is vehicular and transitive, and is good, as ferries and horses are, for conveyance, not as farms and houses are, for homestead. ”

“ It is proved by numerous facts, both natural and of artificial production, that agencies which had been regarded as distinct and independent sources of force—heat, electricity, chemical action, nervous and muscular action, momentum of moving bodies—are interchangeable, in definite and fixed quantities, with one another. It had long been known that these dissimilar phenomena had the power, under certain conditions, of producing one another: what is new in the theory is a more accurate estimation of what this production consists in. ”

“ To give you another practical illustration — we see a vast difference between the two qualities of two equal amounts of energy expended by two men, of whom one, let us suppose, is on his way to his daily quiet work, and another on his way to denounce a fellow-creature at the police-station, while the men of science see none; and we — not they — see a specific difference between the energy in the motion of the wind and that of a revolving wheel. ”

“ An equilibrium, or, what is the same thing, a straight line, Nature abhors more than she does a vacuum. If the moisture of the air were uniform, or the heat uniform, that is, in equilibrio, how could it rain? ”

“ Two Forms of Energy supplied to Animals by Food.—To say that food is simultaneously a supply of energy and a supply of matter, is really to express in a single sentence the fundamental conception of biology, in virtue of which life brings into play no substratum or characteristic dynamism. According to this, the living being appears to us as the seat of an incessant circulation of matter and energy, starting from the external world and returning to it. ”

“ The particles which are taken into the organic frame do more than circulate there. They are, at every point of their circulation, acted upon by laws of an unknown kind, changing the nature of the substance which they compose. Life is a vortex in which vital forces act at every point of the stream: it is not only a current of whirling matter, but a cycle of recurring powers. ”

“ Our circulation is a hydraulic problem; our stomach is a mill—a brewing vat—a tanner's yard—a crucible, or a retort. You yourself, in all the resplendent glory of your braided frock, and your decoration of the Guelph, are nothing but an aggregate of mechanical and chemical inventions, as often going wrong as right ”

“ We proceed next to those varieties of available energy which represent motion, the chief of which are air in motion and water in motion. It is owing to the former that the mariner spreads his sail, and carries his vessel from one part of the earth's surface to another, and it is likewise owing to the same influence that the windmill grinds our corn. Again, water in motion is used perhaps even more frequently than air in motion as a source of motive power. ”

“ Tinken sat down.
"I maintain that the concept of communication precludes matter transmission," stormed Kingman. "Matter transmission becomes a problem for the transportation companies and the power companies. Matter, your honor, is energy. They are transmitting energy!" ”

“ And in railways we also see, for the first time in the social organism, a specialization with respect to the directions of the currents—a system of double channels conveying currents in opposite directions, as do the arteries and veins of a well-developed animal. 417 These parallelisms in the evolutions and structures of the circulating systems, introduce us to others in the kinds and rates of the movements going on through them. In the lowest societies, as in the lowest creatures, the distribution of crude nutriment is by slow gurgitations and regurgitations. ”

“ Under the influence of the life impulse, the old routine of matter—from compound to compound, from solid to fluid, from fluid to gaseous, from rock to soil, the cycle always ending where it began—is broken into, and cycles of a new order are instituted. ”

“ In the valley the king by bearing some pain made action worth while. Is there any indication in nature of the production of a lower level which makes the course of things run on?
It is certain that energy in every action passes off into the form of heat, and unless it is through the power of the finer particles of matter to absorb the energy, it is difficult to see how any action can take place. ”

“ The elements of every organic substance circulates in changing from the solid to the liquid or aëriform state, and in returning from the latter to the state of solidity or organization. It is not improbable that the universal agent which we designate under the name of fire, light, electricity, and magnetism, has probably also a circle of circulation as extensive as the universe. ”

“ But although life is not energy, any more than it is matter, yet it directs energy and thereby controls arrangements of matter. Through the agency of life specific structures are composed which would not otherwise exist, from a sea-shell to a cathedral, from a blade of grass to an oak; and specific distributions of energy are caused, from the luminosity of a firefly to an electric arc, from the song of a cricket to an oratorio. ”

“ Yet the ideal or abstract moving equilibrium, by whose aid we are endeavouring to understand the actions of organisms, is derived from the consideration of the solar system as a moving equilibrium. But reducing the problem from the abstract to the concrete study of an organism, we have to ask what place consciousness holds in a moving equilibrium of oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, etc., in relation with an environment of heat, light, etc. ”

“ So I have added to use the energy of effort, and the Lamarckian theory, completed, can be characterized as the theory of the origin of species, by effort, use, and disuse. A prominent cause of change of structure may be here referred to; and that is, change in consequence of excess or diminution of growth-energy, due to the action of use and effort in disturbing its equilibrium. That is to say, that excessive growth in one place has caused diminished growth in another, and vice versa. ”

“ That notable doctrine known as the correlation of physical forces, or the convertibility into one another of heat, light, electricity, chemical affinity, etc., each being a mode of manifestation of an unknown energy which “lives through all life, extends through all extent,” has its counterpart in the correlation of spiritual forces. ”

“ We must distinguish Energy as Absolute Reality from such conceptions as Activity, which is its subjective aspect, or as Force, which is really the rate at which Energy is, in certain cases, transformed. Dynamics, which investigates Force, is a study of the fundamental transmutations of Energy. It postulates Energy as the Real Entity in terms of which it can frame a satisfactory theory of dynamical phenomena. ”

“ Here, indeed, we see illustrated in a way more than usually easy to follow, the eventual balancing of outer actions by inner reactions. The relation between the demand for liquid and the formation of channels that supply liquid, as well as that between the incidence of strains and the deposit of substance which resists strains, are among the clearest special examples of the general truth that the moving equilibrium of an organism, if not overthrown by an incident force, must eventually be adjusted to it. ”

“ Every condition of organised forms is due to the external excitation of light and heat, and in the chemical changes which take place, an equivalent of these principles, or powers—it signifies but little according to which view we may regard them—is absorbed, and retained as essential to the condition of the matter formed. ”