Funnel

“ The case of too short a funnel is more general than would be imagined, and often found where one would not expect it; for it is not uncommon in ill-contrived buildings, instead of having a separate funnel for each fire-place, to bend and turn the funnel of an upper room so as to make it enter the side of another flue that comes from below. ”

“ In fact, no form of the funnel of a chimney has any share in its operation or effect respecting smoke, except its height. The longer the funnel, if erect, the greater its force when filled with heated and rarefied air, to draw in below and drive up the smoke, if one may, in compliance with custom, use the expression draw, when in fact it is the superior weight of the surrounding atmosphere that presses to enter the funnel below, and so drives up before it the smoke and warm air it meets with in its passage. ”

“ This case is most frequent where the funnel is short, and the opening turned from the wind. It is the more grievous, when it happens to be a cold wind that produces the effect, because when you most want your fire, you are sometimes obliged to extinguish it. To understand this, it may be considered that the rising light air, to obtain a free issue from the funnel, must push out of its way or oblige the air that is over it to rise. In a time of calm or of little wind [276] this is done visibly, for we see the smoke that is brought up by that air rise in a column above the chimney. ”

“ For if there be a large opening to a chimney that does not draw strongly, the funnel may happen to be furnished with the air it demands by a partial current entering on one side of the opening, and, leaving the other side free of any opposing current, may permit the smoke to issue there into the room. Much too of the force of draft in a funnel depends on the degree of rarefaction in the air it contains, and that depends on the nearness to the fire of its passage in entering the funnel. ”

“ Then the funnel, being cooler than the air that comes into it, cools that air, makes it heavier than the outward air, of course it descends; and what succeeds it from above being cooled in its turn, the descending current continues till towards evening, when it again hesitates and changes its course, from the change of warmth in the outward air, and the nearly remaining same middle temperature in the funnel. ”

“ To augment the precision of the experiment, the funnel was connected with a glass tube three feet long and half an inch in diameter, the object being to weaken by distance the effect of the waves diffracted round the edge of the funnel, and to permit those only which passed through the glass tube to act upon the flame. ”

“ Retort Funnel.—Blow a bulb at the extremity of a tube; present the superior hemisphere of the bulb to the flame, and when it is sufficiently softened, blow strongly into the other end of the tube. The air will force its way through the bulb, making a hole which will be larger or smaller according to the extent of surface which may have been softened. The opening of the funnel being made thus, there is nothing more to do than to adjust the edges, which, in the present state, are both fragile and irregular. ”

“ The open lid cast a shadow over the inside of the casing. All she saw at first was what she had seen already—the jar, and the pipe and glass funnel inserted in the cork. She removed the funnel; and, looking about her, observed on the window-sill close by a wax-tipped wand used for lighting the gas. She took the wand, and, introducing it through the aperture occupied by the funnel, moved it to and fro in the jar. The faint splash of some liquid, and the grating noise of certain hard substances which she was stirring about, were the two sounds that caught her ear. ”

“ The receiving surface of the funnel, accurately turned to a diameter of eight inches, terminates at its lower extremity in a curved tube, which, by always retaining the last few drops of rain, prevents evaporation. The graduated vessel, in this instance also, is divided to 100ths of an inch, having due regard to the larger area, 8 in. of the funnel. For use in tropical climates, where, as has been shown, the rainfall is excessive, a modification of this instrument is supplied by the instrument makers, having an extra large receiver and tap for drawing off the collected rain. ”

“ This funnel carries out all the vapour cleverly, so that one finds no inconvenience from it, even though the opening D be placed a span below the mouth of the said funnel G. The neck of the funnel is better when made gradually bending, than if turned in a right angle.
"The cause of the draft downwards in the stove is the pressure of the outward air, which, falling into the vessel A in a column of twelve inches diameter, finds only a resisting passage at the grate B, of five inches, [300] and one at D, of two inches, which are much too weak to drive it back again ”

“ A deep funnel, or cone, made of sheet metal and attached to an ordinary platform weighing scale or a draw scale, is useful especially in weighing live poultry. The fowl is placed in the funnel head first and remains quiet while being weighed, which is not the case in most common methods of weighing. The funnel is mounted on three legs, for use on a platform scale, and suspended from a ring by chains, from the hook of a drawspring scale.—C. W. Reemtsen, Des Moines, Ia.
[443]
Transferring Pictures to Glass
The surface of glass on which pictures are to be transferred must be thoroughly clean. ”

“ The flame being placed behind a cardboard screen, the shank of a funnel, passed through a hole in the cardboard, was directed upon the middle of the flame. The sound-waves issuing from the vibrating reed placed within the funnel produced no sensible effect upon the flame. Shifting the funnel so as to direct its shank upon the root of the flame, the action was violent. ”

“ If it can enter far from the fire on each side, or far above the fire in a wide or high opening, it receives little heat in passing by the fire, and the contents of the funnel is by that means less different in levity from the surrounding atmosphere, and its force in drawing consequently weaker. ”

“ There are two ways of contracting a chimney; one, by contracting the opening before the fire; the other, by contracting the funnel above the fire. If the funnel above the fire is left open in its full dimensions, and the opening before the fire is contracted; then the coals, I imagine, will burn faster, because more air is directed through the fire, and in a stronger stream ”

“ Their inconveniencies are, that they almost always smoke, if the door be not left open; that they require a large funnel, and a large funnel carries off a great quantity of air, which occasions what is called a strong draft to the chimney, without which strong draft the smoke would come out of some part or other of so [229] large an opening, so that the door can seldom be shut ”

“ Intelligent operation of the funnel makes the work more rapid and accurate, and the mass holds its heat longer, and is kept better mixed than if poured or spooned from a dish. Funnels especially made for this purpose cost from twenty-five cents to one dollar ”

“ From e, to d, it lines the inside of the subjacent funnel a3; and from d, continues downwards to the termination of the funnel a3, on the inside of e. At e, and f; we see the upper termination of two perfect sheaths, similar to that of which a section is represented at b. c. d. This sheath, from its insertion between the point of the upper siphon and mouth of the lower one, (Fig. 1, c.,) must have acted as a collar, intercepting all communication between the interior of the shelly siphuncular tube and their chambers. ”

“ A room, that has no fire in its chimney, is sometimes filled with smoke which is received at the top of its funnel and descends into the room. In a former paper [54] I have already explained the descending currents of air in cold funnels; it may not be amiss however to repeat here, that funnels without fires have an effect, according to their degree of coldness or warmth, on the air that happens to be contained in them. The surrounding atmosphere is frequently changing its temperature ”

“ Now when smoke issuing from the tops of neighbouring funnels passes over the tops of funnels which are at the time drawing downwards, as they often are in the middle part of the day, such smoke is of necessity drawn into these funnels, and descends with the air into the chamber. ”

“ Nay I laughed aloud, but first knew that I laughed when suddenly M. de Fontelles turned in his saddle, crying in French to his servant:
"What was that?"
"Something laughed," answered the fellow in an alarmed voice.
"Something? You mean somebody."
"I know not, it sounded strange."
I had stepped in under the hedge when Fontelles turned, but his puzzle and the servant's superstitious fear wrought on my excitement. Nothing would serve me but to play a jest on the Frenchman. I laughed again loudly.
"God save us!" cried the servant, and I make no doubt he crossed himself most piously. ”

“ From swamps, and ponds, and marshy bogs, Up rose the wailings of the frogs. "What shall we do, should he have progeny?" Said they to Destiny; "One sun we scarcely can endure, And half-a-dozen, we are sure, Will dry the very sea. Adieu to marsh and fen! Our race will perish then, Or be obliged to fix Their dwelling in the Styx!" For such an humble animal, The frog, I take it, reason'd well.' [16] There is another fable with this title, viz., Fable XXIV., Book XII. This fable in its earlier form will be found in Phaedrus, I.6. ”

“ Your eyesight strange conclusions gathers. What makes a bird, I pray? Its feathers. I'm cousin of the mice and rats. Great Jupiter confound the cats!' The bat, by such adroit replying, Twice saved herself from dying. And many a human stranger Thus turns his coat in danger; And sings, as suits, where'er he goes, 'God save the king!'--or 'save his foes!' [11] [10] Aesop.
[11] Or save his foes!--La Fontaine's last line is--"Vive le roi! Vive la ligue!" ”

“ The invariably close o-sound in fungli is, however, in that case, somewhat remarkable. In fungli 1 and 2 two different words may possibly be merged. See fumli, adj., which, however, differs in meaning from fungli.
funk [fo‘ŋk] , sb., 1) dense smoke with sparks of fire. Nmn. (N.Roe) ; S.Sh. (Conn.) . Also fjunk [fjo‘ŋk] (N.Roe) . 2) great heat from the fire on the hearth, a f. o’ het [‘heat’] . Du. In this sense also in an extended form funksen, funksjen [fo‘ŋkᶊən] , a f. o’ het. Du. — From the root “fun-” (fire) ? See fona, sb., and below, funk, vb. funks (j) en is poss. ”

“ Which snatching up, Sir Fox thus spoke:-- 'The flatterer, my good sir, Aye liveth on his listener; Which lesson, if you please, Is doubtless worth the cheese.' A bit too late, Sir Raven swore The rogue should never cheat him more. [2] Both Aesop and Phaedrus have a version of this fable.
III.--THE FROG THAT WISHED TO BE AS BIG AS THE OX. [3] The tenant of a bog, An envious little frog, Not bigger than an egg, A stately bullock spies, And, smitten with his size, Attempts to be as big. With earnestness and pains, She stretches, swells, and strains, And says, 'Sis Frog, look here! see me! ”

“ With as dainty a taste as Horace's rat, He turn'd away from such food as that. "What, tench for a heron! poh! I scorn the thought, and let them go." The tench refused, there came a gudgeon; "For all that," said the bird, "I budge on. I'll ne'er open my beak, if the gods please, For such mean little fishes as these." He did it for less; For it came to pass, That not another fish could he see; And, at last, so hungry was he, That he thought it of some avail To find on the bank a single snail. Such is the sure result Of being too difficult. Would you be strong and great, Learn to accommodate. ”

“ Our rat, when he this shell espied, Thought for his stomach to provide. 'If not mistaken in the matter,' Said he, 'no meat was ever fatter, Or in its flavour half so fine, As that on which to-day I dine.' Thus full of hope, the foolish chap Thrust in his head to taste, And felt the pinching of a trap-- The oyster closed in haste. We're first instructed, by this case, That those to whom the world is new Are wonder-struck at every view ”

“ Fontaine was the author of many poems, notably “The Countersign,” “Virginia Desolate,” and “The Cliff Beside the Sea.” It remained for “Asa Hartz” to while away his prison hours in writing lines so delightfully humorous, so free and swift moving, that it is difficult to believe they could have been written within prison walls. “Living or Dying,” “Will No One Write to Me?” “To Exchange-Commissioner Ould,” and “My Love and I” are among the best of his lighter verses: “Exchanged,” and “Farewell to Johnson’s Island” are of more sober temper. ”

“ But if either Virgil or Horace were to meet with La Fontaine, they would neither exclaim against him as a traitor nor a thief, but only hail him as a brother poet.
La Fontaine was permitted to present his second collection of fables to Louis XIV., and obtained a privilege with respect to its publication which was almost unique; a eulogium on the work being included in its authorisation. Our poet at this period assumed a most discreet air, and out of regard, doubtless, for his patroness, avoided all occasion for scandal. ”

“ Not only is he prompt to lend-- An angler delicate, he fishes The very deepest of your wishes, And spares your modesty the task His friendly aid to ask. A dream, a shadow, wakes his fear, When pointing at the object dear. [18] [17] Bidpaii.
[18] This fable is thought to have been inspired by the friendship of La Fontaine for Fouquet, the minister whom Louis XIV., actuated mostly by jealousy and envy, disgraced and imprisoned. See the Translator's Preface.
XII.--THE HOG, THE GOAT, AND THE SHEEP. [19] A goat, a sheep, and porker fat, All to the market rode together. ”