Solfataras

Definition and stakes

Portrait of Sir Richard Francis Burton Sir Richard Francis Burton,  Ultima Thule; or, A Summer in Iceland…

“ The Solfataras.—Sulphur is formed by certain gases generated underground by volcanic action, and in solfataras these gases find their way to the surface of the earth through sand, ashes, or other volcanic substances, and in their passage sublime and deposit a certain portion of their sulphur, a certain amount escaping into the air.
This formation of sulphur is continuous and increasing, and in proportion to the strength of the volcanic influences so is the rapidity with which the sulphur is formed and the amount taken from the solfatara replaced. For this reason they are called “living.”
”
Source: Gutenberg

Portrait of Émile Zola Émile Zola,  The Downfall (La Débâcle): A Story of the Horrors of War

“ At Solferino, I remember, we spent five hours lying in a carrot-field with our noses on the ground.' And then, like the practical fellow he was, Jean added: 'But what are you complaining of? We are not badly off. There'll always be time enough for us to expose ourselves. Everyone has his turn, you know. If we all got ourselves killed at the beginning there would be no one left for the finish.'
'Ah!' suddenly interrupted Maurice, 'look at that smoke on the Hattoy hill.
”
Source: Gutenberg

Portrait of Émile Zola Émile Zola,  The Three Cities Trilogy: Lourdes…

“ M. Sabathier was vainly striving to get his legs into a comfortable position, whilst Brother Isidore raised a feeble continuous moan like a dying child, and Madame Vetu, a prey to terrible agony, devoured by her disease, sat motionless, and kept her lips tightly closed, her face distorted, haggard, and almost black. The noise which Pierre had heard had been occasioned by Madame de Jonquiere, who whilst cleansing a basin had dropped the large zinc water-can. And, despite their torment, this had made the patients laugh, like the simple souls they were, rendered puerile by suffering. ”
Source: Gutenberg

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