Supreme Court of the United States, United States v. Hansen (2023)
“ Here, by contrast, the encouragement provision on its face appears to permit a person to be punished as a felon for merely encouraging a civil violation. Thus, the statute is not an easy fit for the solicitation and facilitation role in which the majority has cast it. This statute is fundamentally different from aiding-and-abetting liability and solicitation in other ways as well. As noted, aiding-and-abetting liability is a form of vicarious liability—i.e., a way in which a person becomes liable for the crimes of the principal. ”
