P. V. N. Myers

“ Athenian constitution, reformed by Solon, 120; by Clisthenes, 123. Athenian Empire, basis of, 138; strength and weakness, 145, 146. Athenian supremacy, period of, 136–146. Athenians, mixed origin of, 117. Athens, early history of, 117–124; site of, 118; kings of, 118, 119; burned by Persians, 133, 134; rebuilding of, 136; Long Walls of, 142; pestilence at, 148, 149; condition at end of Peloponnesian War, 155; social life at, 219, 220; population of, 220, n. ”

“ Cæsar, Julius, proscribed by Sulla, 283, 284; early life, 291; forms the First Triumvirate, 291; his Commentaries, 292; his campaigns in Gaul and Britain, 292, 293; civil war with Pompey, 293–296; defeats Pharnaces, 296; his triumph, 297; his genius as a statesman, 297, 298; his death, 298, 299. Cæ-sa′ri-on, 304. Cai′ro, 32, 401. Caius (ka′vus) , grandson of Augustus, 308. Caius Cæsar. See Caligula. Ca-la′bri-a, 222. Calais (kăl′iss) , captured by the English, 485; lost, 553. Caledonians, the, 315. Calendar, origin of, in Egypt, 36; reformed by Caesar, 298. ”

“ Ti′mon, the Athenian misanthrope, 151. Titian (tish′a̯an) , 511, n. Tit′i-es, 224." Titus, Roman emp., 315–317. Tobacco, introduced into England, 561. Todleben (tōt'lā-be̯n) , 695. To-le′do, 398. Tory.—This term probably comes from the Irish word toree (give me) , the command of the robber. Before pressed into political service, it was applied to the half-civilized natives of certain districts in Ireland. ”

“ Embalming, art of, 37–39. Em-ped′o-clēs, 205. England. See Anglo-Saxons and Table of Contents. Introduction of Christianity, 382; conquest of, by the Normans, 433–437; advantages to, of the conquest, 437; Plantagenet p., 479–489; wars with Scotland, 482, 483; the Hundred Years' War, 484–488; under the Stuarts, 601–630; since the congress of Vienna, 715–728. English, origin of the, 7. English language, growth of, 489. ”

“ Co′drus, k. of Athens, 118, 119. Cœ′le-Syria, 288. Colbert (kol'bêr′) , 592. Colchis (kŏl′kis) , 71. Colet (kŏl′et) , 540. Coligny (ko′len′ye′) , Gaspard de, admiral of France, 573, 574, 576. Col′la-ti′nus, Tar-quin′i-us, 232. Colonies, Greek, no, 111; Roman and Latin, 246, n. Col′os-se′um, the, 315, 316, 352. Columbus, his first voyage, 513, 514. Comitia (ko-mish′ĭ-a) , centuriata, 227; curtain, 224, 227; tributa, 235, n. Com′mo-dus, Roman emp, 324, 325. Commons, English House of, origin, 480, 481; privileges of, 603, 604. See Parliament and Reform Bill. Commonwealth, the English, 613–617. ”

“ Lebanon, Mount, 70. Leipsic (līp′sik) , battle of, 584. Leo the Great, 346. Leo III., the Isaurian, Eastern emp., 398, 417. Leonardo da Vinci (lā́-o-nar′do da vĭn′ chee) , 511, n. Le-on′i-das, k. of Sparta, 133. Le-pän′to, battle of, 537. Lep′i-dus, the triumvir, 300, 301, 302, 303 Les′bos, 88, 97. Leuc′tra, battle of, 157. Leuthen (loi′ten) , battle of, 646. Lewes (lu′ess) , battle of, 481. Lewis L, Carolingian k., 408. See Louis. Liberalism in England, 715–720. ”

“ Humanism, 474. Hundred Years' War, 484–488. Hungarians, 382, n., 460. Hungary, revolution in (1848) , 702. Huns, the, 13, 337, 345. Huss, John, 506. Hussites, 506. Hyk′sos, 21. Hy-met′tus, Mount, 88. Hy-pa′ti-a, 212. Iceland, settled by the Northmen, 411. I-con′o-clasts, the, 417; in the Netherlands, 564, 565. Ic-ti′nus, 180. Il. 45. Il′i-ad, the, 190, 191. Il′i-os, 95. Il-lyr′i-an corsairs, 254, 255. Independents, in English civil war, 610, 611, 612. India, ancient history of, 8-12; invasion of, by Alexander, 12 ”

“ German, beginnings of, 508; English, under Henry VIII., 529; of the Elizabethan Age, 561; of the Puritan p., 617, 618; of the Restoration, 624; of Queen Anne's Age, 629. Livy, 356. Loire (lwar) , 665. Lŏll′lards, the, 491, 540. Lombards, the, 374, 404, 405. Longjumeau (long-zhü-mō′) , peace of, 575, n. Longus, L. Sempronius, 259. Long Walls, the, of Athens, destruction of, 154. Lords, House of. See Parliament. Lor′raine′, ceded to the German Empire, 691. ”

“ Soph′o-clēs, 193, 194. Soudanese, revolt against the khedive, 728 Spac-te′ri-a, 150. Spain, conquest of, by Saracens, 398; union of Castile and Aragon, 498; conquest of Granada, 499; the Inquisition in, 500; Spanish colonization in the New World, 517; ascendency of, under Charles V. and Philip II., 530–538; her rapid decline, 538; revolt of her American colonies, 538, n.; in the war of the Spanish Succession, 596. Spanish Fury, the, 567. Spanish Succession, war of the, 596, 597, 628. Sparta, early history of, 112–117; opposes the Athenian democracy, 124. ”

“ Per'i-clēs, fosters the naval power of Athens, 141, 142; his social policy, 144; his death, 149; as an orator, 199. Pericles, age of, 141–146; peace of, 142, 143. Per′i-oe′ci, 112, 114. Per-sep′o-lis, ruins of, 85; destroyed by Alexander, 164. Per′seus, k. of Macedonia, 268. . Persia, conquered by the Saracens, 396. Persian E., established by Cyrus, 74; political history of, 74-82; nature of government, 82 ”

“ Gauls, invade Macedonia, 174; settle in Italy, 223; sack Rome, 239–241; in Northern Italy, conquered by the Romans, 255; conquered by Cæsar, 292, 293. Gau′ta-ma. See Buddha. Ga′za, 670. Ge-dro′si-a, 166. Ge′lon, k. of Syracuse, 235. Genesis, Ꞓhaldæan account of, 46. Genghis Khan (jēn′gis kawn) , 461. Gen′o-a, 467. Gen′ser-ic (Gaiseric) , k. of the Vandais, 346, 347, 372. German migration, beginning of, Germanic tribes. See Teutons. Germany, introduction of Christianity, 381 ”

“ Mohammed II., sultan of the Ottomans, 462, 463. Mohammedanism, doctrines of, 394; spread of, 401; defects of, 401. Moliere (mo′le-êr′) , 599. Mo′loch, 248. Moltke, 704. Monasteries, suppression of, by Henry VIII., 547. Monasticism, rise of, 383; advantages of, 383. Mongols, 460, 461. Monk, 617. Monmouth, d. of, 622, n. Montcalm (mont-käm') , 631. Montfort, Simon de, summons the English Commons and Parliament, 481. Moors, 397; culture of, 401, 402; kingdom of Granada, 499; persecuted by Philip II., 536; expulsion from Spain, 538. More, Sir Thomas, 540; the Utopia, 549, 550 ”

“ He′ra, 102. Her′a-cle′a, battle of, 245. Her′a-clēs, 93, 94, 97; Ꞓhaldæan origin of the myth of, 47. Her′a-cli′dæ, 96, 97. Her′a-cli′tus, 203. Her′a-cli′us, reign, 390, 396. Heralds, college of, at Rome, 231. Hẽr-cu-la′ne-um, 316. Hercules, Pillars of, 71. Hĕr′mann. See Arminius. Her′mēs, 102; statues of, at Athens, 152, n. Hermits, 382, 383. Her′mus, the, 75. He-rod′o-tus, 197. He-ros′tra-tus, 178. Herzegovina (hĕrt′se̯h-go-vee′nä) , 698. ”

“ Æ′gos-pot′a-mi, capture of Athenian fleet at, 154. Æ′mil-i-a′nus, Scipio, 271, 272. Æ-ne′as, 96. Æ-o′li-ans, the, 236; migration to Asia Minor, 97. Æ′o-lus, 103. Æ′qui-ans, the, 236. Æs′ꞓhi-nes, 199, 200. Æs′ꞓhy-lus, 193, 194. A-e′ti-us, Roman general, 345. Æ-to′li-an League, 175. Africa, circumnavigation of, in reign of Necho II., 26. Africa (North) , conquest of, by the Arabs, 397. ”

“ Lützen (loot'sen) , battle of, 585. Lṳx'or, temple of, 33. Ly-ce′um, the Athenian, 122. Lyc′i-a, 75, 268. Ly-cur′gus, legend of, 112, 113. Lydia, 75. Lydians, the, 75. Lyons, 660. Ly-san′der, Spartan general, 154. Ly-sim′a-chus, kingdom of, 171. Ly-sip'pus, 186, 187. Mac′ca-bees, the, 68. Macchiavelli (mäk-ke-ä-vel′lee) , 468, n. Macedonia, population of, 159; under Philip II., 159–161; after the death of Alexander, 173–175. Macedonian supremacy, p. of, 159–168. ”

“ Paris, son of Priam, 95. Paris, treaty of (1763) , 631; peace of (1763) , 646; treaty of (1856) , 695. Parliament, English, under James I., 603, 604; under Charles I., 606, 607; the Long P., 609; friends of the king shut out, 612; House of Lordsabolished, 613; at the time of the Commonwealth, 614, 615; dissolved by Cromwell, 614; Rump P., 614; the Little P., or Praise-God Barebone P., 614; convention P., 624; union of English and Scottish parliaments, 629; Irish, secures legislative independence, 632. Parma, d. of (Alexander Farnese) , 567. ”

“ Corn, free distribution of, at Rome, 364. Corneille (kor′nāl′) , 599. Cor-ne′li-a, mother of the Gracchi, 277 Cornelius Scipio Barbatus, sarcophagus of, 365. Co-rœ′bus, 106. Cor′pus Ju′ris Ci-vi′lis, 358; study of, in mediæval age, 388. Cor′si-ca, acquired by Rome, 254. Cor′te̯z, Hernando, 516. Cos, 98. Cos-mog′ra-phy of the Greeks, 101. Council, first, of Church, 332; of the North, 607 and n. Covenanters, the, origin of, 608; persecuted under Charles II., 619. Cranmer, Thomas, 546, 553. Cras′sus, the triumvir, 290, 291; war with Parthia, 293; his death, 293. Cre′cy (kres′se) , battle of, 484. ”

“ Self-denying ordinance, in English civil war, 611. Semitic peoples, 4. Sempach (sem′päk) , battle of, 506. Sen′e-ca, 312, 313, 356. Senlac. See Hastings. Sen-nach′e-rib, 49, 50; palace of, at Nineveh, 56; will of, 57. Sen-ti′num, battle of, 244. Separatists, 556. Sepoy Mutiny, 726, 727. Sep′tu-a-ġint, the, 201. Serfs, 425; under feudal system, 425; emancipation of, in Russia, 696. Ser-to′ri-us, 285. Se̯r-ve′-tǔs, 527. Servile Wars in Sicily, 273, 274, n. Servius Tullius, wall of, 226; constitution of, 227. Se-sos′tris. See Rameses II. Set, 28. Se′ti I., 23. Seven Weeks' War, 703. ”

“ Alexander I. and the Holy Alliance, 692; Russo-Turkish War of 1828–1829, 693; Crimean War, 694, 695; emancipation of the serfs, 696; Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878, 696–698; Nihilism, 698, 699. Russo-Turkish War of 1828–1829, 693; of 1877–1878, 696–698. Ryswick (rĭz′wik) , treaty of, 596. Sā′bæ-an-ĭsm, 45, Sacred War, first, 108; second, 160. Sadowa, battle of, 704, Sages, the Seven, 203. Sa-gun′tum, 257. St. Antony, 383. St. Augustine, 358. St. Bartholomew, massacre of, 576, 577. St. Benedict, 383. St. Bẽr′nard, 444. St. Boniface (bo'ne'fass') , 382. St. Co-lum′ba, 380. St. ”

“ Cri-me′a, conquered by Catherine the Great of Russia, 640. Crimean War, 694–696, 726. Ꞓris′sa, 108. Crœ′sus, k. of Lydia, 75, 76. Cromwell, Oliver, his " Ironsides," 611; Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland, 613; ejects the Long Parliament, 614 ”

“ Declaration of Rights, English, 624; Irish, 632. Defoe, Daniel, 629. Delhi (del′lee) , 727. De′li-um, battle of, 150. De′los, 88; confederacy of, 137, 138; converted into an empire by the Athenians, 138, 139. Delphi, 87; temple at, 179; oracle at. See Delphian oracle. ”

“ Theatre, the, among the Greeks, 217, 218. Theatre of Dionysus, at Athens, 182. Theban supremacy, 156–158. Thebes, in Egypt, 20; royal tombs at, 31. Thebes, in Greece, 87; destroyed by Alexander, 161, 162. The-mis′to-clēs, in Persian War, 128–130 ”

“ Abukir (ä-boo-keer′) , battle of, 670. Absalom, son of David, 65. Academy, the, at Athens, 207. Ac′cad, 41, 45. Accadians, civilization of, 41. A-ꞓhæ′ans, the, 90, 91, 97. A-ꞓhæ′an League, 175. Aꞓhaia (a-ka′ya) , the name, 97. A-ꞓhil′les, 95, 106, n. Acre (ä′ker) , siege of, by crusaders, 445. A-crop′o-lis, Athenian, 180. ”

“ Seven Years' War, 645, 646. Se-ve′rus, Alexander, Roman emp., 327, 328. Se-ve′rus, Sep-tim′i-us, Roman emp., 326. Seville (sev'il) , 398. Seymour, Jane, 549. Seymour, Lord Henry, 559. Sex′ti-us, Roman governor, 282. Shakespeare, William, 562, n. Shä′man-ism, 45. Sharrukin. See Sargon I. Sheba, q. of, 66. Shepherd kings, the. See Hyksos. Shiites (shee′ites) , 395, n. Ship-money, 608. ”

“ Ne-ar′chus, admiral of Alexander, 166. Neb′u-chad-nez′zar, 58, 59. Ne′clio IL, 25, 26. Necker (nĕk′er) , 650. Neg-ro-pont'. See Eubõea. Negro Race, 2. Nelson, English admiral, 670, 678. Ne′me-a, 106. Nem′e-sis, 103. Ne′o-Pla′to-nists, the, 212. Nero, Roman emp., 312, 313. Nerva, Roman emp., 317, 318. Nes′tor, 95. Netherlands, the country, 563; under Charles V., 563 ; revolt of the, 563–571; pacification of Ghent, 567; union of Utrecht, 567; treaty of 1609, 570; Spanish Netherlands, war concerning, 593 ; ceded to Austria, 597; Austrian Netherlands ceded to the French Republic, 669. ”

“ Bor-sip′pa, temple of the Seven Spheres at, 61. Bos′nĭ-a̯′, 698. Bos′pho-rus, 79. Bosworth Field, battle of, 488. Boulak (boo-läk′) Museum, 39. Boulogne (boo-lōn′) , 677. Bourbon, Constable of, 531. Bourbon, house of, in Huguenot Wars, 573, 574, 575, 578; Henry IV., k. of France, 578, 579. For other kings of this house, see Louis. Boyne (boin) , battle of the, 627. Braddock, General, 631. Bradshaw, John, 613. Brahma, 10. Brahmanism, 9–11; modified by Buddhism, 12. Brahmans, 8. ”

“ Ahura Mazda. See Ormazd. Aix-la-Chapelle (āks-lä-shä′pel′) , treaty of, 593; peace of, 645. A′jax, 95. Al′a-ric, his first invasion of Italy, 339; sacks Rome, 342; his death, 343. Alba Longa, 223. Albertus Magnus, 471. Ăl′bi-ġĕn′sēs̝, 493, 494. Al′ci-bi′a-dēs, leader at Athens, 151, 152, 153, 154; as a pupil of Socrates, 206, 207. Alꞓ′mæ-on′i-dæ, first banishment from Athens, 120; second banishment, 122; contract to rebuild the Delphian temple, 122, 123. Al′e-man′ni, the, 336. Alexander I., czar, 678; II., 696–699; his assassination, 699; III., 699. Alexander the Great, 161–167 ”