Air quality

“ Provided, That the issuance of information on air quality control techniques shall not be construed as requiring the purchase of certain pollution control devices by the public.
SECTION 12. Ambient Air Quality Values and Standards. – TheDepartment, in coordination with other concerned agencies, shall review and/or revise and publish annually a list of hazardous air pollutants with corresponding ambient guideline values and/or standard necessary to protect public health and safety, and general welfare. ”

“ Governments can establish and monitor air quality goals and objectives, allowable atmospheric loadings, and related emission criteria or standards, as some successfully do already. Regional organizations can support this effort. ”

“ Specific Air Quality Objectives
1. Each Party shall establish specific objectives, which it undertakes to achieve, for emissions limitations or reductions of such air pollutants as the Parties agree to address. ”

“ Specific discussions of estimated air quality impacts should include information on, among other things, the model used, the input data used, and the assumptions used in applying the model, such as the selection of critical meteorological periods, plant loading and other plant operating characteristics assumed for the period of time (annual, 24-hour, 3-hour, 3-hour [sic] ) being examined and fuel variability. ”

“ During a flood cleanup, the indoor air quality in your home or office may appear to be the least of your problems. However, failure to remove contaminated materials and to reduce moisture and humidity can present serious long-term health risks. ”

“ When that is done in this case, the intent of the regulation and the goals of the Clean Air Act provide further support for the agency's interpretation.
The ALJ heard testimony from the draftsman of the relevant portion of the Ohio SIP. The draftsman, Mr. Juris, testified that "coating lines" was meant to include painting booths without ovens. [1] Furthermore, one of the fundamental purposes of the Clean Air Act is to maintain air quality standards by requiring emission reductions of organic compounds from major sources. ”

“ We have put in place a series of clean air regulations that will help us to meet air quality standards. Through efforts like these, we will continue our Nation's economic growth and protect the environment. ”

“ Study The Administrator shall conduct a study of the emissions of volatile organic compounds into the ambient air from consumer and commercial products (or any combination thereof) in order to— (i) determine their potential to contribute to ozone levels which violate the national ambient air quality standard for ozone; and (ii) establish criteria for regulating consumer and commercial products or classes or categories thereof which shall be subject to control under this subsection. ”

“ Such ambient concentration levels shall take into account all projected emissions in, or which may affect, such area from any major emitting facility on which construction commenced prior to January 6, 1975, but which has not begun operation by the date of the baseline air quality concentration determination. ”

“ Moreover, it is significant that Congress has recently acknowledged that more often than not the "margins of safety" that are incorporated into air quality standards turn out to be very modest or nonexistent, as new information reveals adverse health effects at pollution levels once thought to be harmless. See H.R.Rep.No.95-294, supra, at 103-117. ”

“ B. The CRSTER Model In "nonattainment areas" the Clean Air Act provides for measuring the amount and the spread of dirty air from a source by actual testing or by "air quality modeling," 42 U.S.C. § 7501 (2) . In such areas, the Act emphasizes the need for "a comprehensive, accurate, current inventory of actual emissions from all sources" in order "to assess the need" for more "reduction" to meet national standards, and presumably as a check on modeling techniques. 42 U.S.C. § 7502 (b) (4) .
An "air quality model" or "computer model" is a forecasting technique. ”

“ The committee recognizes that the construction of major new industrial facilities [p327] in some regions may conflict with implementation plans for national air quality standards and goals - even where such new facilities are designed, equipped, and operated so as to comply with applicable Federal standards of performance. This is most likely to occur in places where existing levels of air pollution are excessive. ”

“ The term “baseline concentration” means, with respect to a pollutant, the ambient concentration levels which exist at the time of the first application for a permit in an area subject to this part, based on air quality data available in the Environmental Protection Agency or a State air pollution control agency and on such monitoring data as the permit applicant is required to submit. ”

“ Article 4 The central competent authority shall perform all tasks related to overall planning and the promotion of indoor air quality management, and shall determine and revise indoor air quality management laws and regulations and indoor air quality standards as well as analysis or monitoring methods. ”

“ THE DISPUTE IN OUTLINE Determining the measures required to meet air quality standards for photochemical oxidants involves a multi-step analytical process. Initially, of course, it is necessary to set the standards. ”

“ The EPA argues that the literal language of sections 126 (b) and 110 (a) (2) (E) , 42 U.S.C. §§ 7426 (b) , 7410 (a) (2) (E) , indicates that interstate pollution is prohibited only insofar as it prevents another state from attaining or maintaining [p1088] "any such national primary or secondary ambient air quality standard." ”

“ Industry competent authorities at all levels shall guide premises under their authority to improve their indoor air quality. Article 5 Competent authorities and industry competent authorities at all levels may commission professional organizations to conduct matters relating to surveys, tests, education, public awareness, guidance, training, and research related to indoor air quality. ”

“ The Parties agree to cooperate and exchange information with respect to:
(a) their monitoring of the effects of changes in air pollutant concentrations and deposition with respect to changes in various effects categories, e.g. aquatic ecosystems, visibility, and forests;
(b) their determination of any effects of atmospheric pollution on human health and ecosystems, e.g. research on health effects of acid aerosols, research on the long-term effects of low concentrations of air pollutants on ecosystems, possibly in a critical loads framework ”

“ Conditions have improved steadily during the past century, and this trend continues. although the pace varies between and within cities. 19. In most urban areas, almost everyone is served by refuse collection today. Air quality has generally improved, with a decline in the emission of particles and sulphur oxides. Efforts to restore water quality have met with a mixed record of success because of pollution from outside of cities, notably nitrates and other fertilizers and pesticides, Many coastal areas, however, close to major sewage outlets, show considerable deterioration. ”

“ Effective one year after August 7, 1977, the analysis required by this subsection shall include continuous air quality monitoring data gathered for purposes of determining whether emissions from such facility will exceed the maximum allowable increases or the maximum allowable concentration permitted under this part. ”

“ Today I want to talk to you about one of the most important steps we can take to clean the air we breathe and protect the health of all Americans.
Over the past generation, our Nation has made enormous progress in improving the quality of our air. In the late 1960's carbon monoxide, lead, and smog levels were so high in several major cities that walking to school in the morning could be almost as harmful for young children as smoking cigarettes. ”

“ According to studies by the Environmental Protection Agency, the quality of our air and water has continued to improve during our administration. In many big cities, the number of days on which pollution alerts are declared has gone down. ”

“ Ventilation.—Very few people in cities spend more than one hour a day in the open air, which means that they are housed up for the other twenty-three hours, so that no pains should be spared to bring up the quality of the indoor air to approximate as nearly as possible that of the outdoor air. The air of houses contains many more microbes than that of the street.
For dwelling-houses 3000 cubic feet of fresh air is needed every hour. It is said that in the country the only bad air is in farmers’ houses, whence it has no chance to escape. ”

“ It seems, at any rate, to give the air a lifeless quality, which soon imparts itself to the victim of our wasteful modes of heating.
Apparatus for artificial moistening, which is now often installed in connection with heating and ventilating systems, aside from the liability of exceeding the desirable humidity, also gives opportunity for contamination of the air supply. Unless the devices are designed on sanitary principles and intelligently attended to, they are very liable to become foul and malodorous, if not unhealthy. ”

“ Such standards shall require the application of reasonably available control technology, considering costs, any nonair-quality benefits, environmental impacts, energy requirements and safety factors associated with alternative control techniques. ”

“ Where we can't pipe in the ozone, we can use portable vaporizers, to be supplied once a month, and of sufficient capacity to keep the air of an average-sized house perfectly pure for thirty days.
"Pure? More than pure! Exhilarating, life-giving, delicious! Under this system, Wally, the middle and upper classes will thrive as never before. They'll grow in size and weight, in health and intelligence, under the steady influence of ozone, day and night. Every vital process will be stimulated. Our invention will mark a new era in the welfare of the world!" ”

“ The forces of nature,—the winds, sunlight, rain, and growing vegetation,—all of great power and universal distribution and application, restore the balance, and purify the air. As to the principal gases, the air of the city does not differ materially from that of rural sections. There is, however, a vastly greater quantity of dust and smoke in the air of towns. The breathing of this dust, to a greater or less extent laden with bacteria, fungi, and the germs of disease, is an ever-present and most potent menace to public and personal health. ”

“ But EPA has said precisely that--and at great length, based on information contained in a 2001 report by the National Research Council (NRC) entitled Climate Change Science: An Analysis of Some Key Questions:
"As the NRC noted in its report, concentrations of [greenhouse gases (GHGs) ] are increasing in the atmosphere as a result of human activities (pp. 9-12) . It also noted that ' [a] diverse array of evidence points to a warming of global surface air temperatures' (p. 16) . ”

“ In order to keep down the percentage of pollution to a non-dangerous degree, under this system arises, therefore, the necessity of admitting for ventilation fresh air in quantities many times greater than that actually used for breathing, and also a correspondingly extravagant expenditure of heat if this supply be artificially warmed. Thus the only ideally perfect ventilation consists in inducing a regular upcurrent from a level below that of the human head up to the extraction outlets at the ceiling. ”

“ In this day no one can feel satisfied with his solution of the air problem who has not submitted it to an expert, and installed the results of his measured investigation. In the meantime, safety lies on the side of providing more fresh air than is necessary. If there is plenty of fresh air, unless the work itself demands peculiar temperature or humidity conditions, the worker is fairly safe. The rest periods that are being installed will do much to solve the air problem, as they furnish an admirable opportunity for giving the work places a thorough ventilation, if not a complete “airing out.” ”

“ Ozone, in the minute quantities found in nature, is healthful, but when breathed in a condensed form it has a highly irritating effect on the mucous surfaces of the respiratory passages, and the quantity is not large that will cause death. The healthfulness of mountain air may be due largely to the increase with elevation in the quantity of ozone and electricity in the air, as well as to the less number of disease germs and dust motes. The invigorating effects of the crisp air of the frosty morning and of [41] the cold wave in winter may be increased by the activities of ozone. ”

“ Air motion; but the motion must be accomplished without those objectionable blasts of wind that so frequently startle you in some houses which are supposed to have the most up to date equipment. The weather strip is insurance against the gale.
Air isn’t a mysterious chemical combination. It is a mechanical mixture of 21 parts nitrogen, 79 parts of oxygen, from 0 to 4% of moisture, and usually 4 parts of carbon dioxide gas per 10,000 parts of air, so it need not distress you to effect a good clean supply of air and equip your house with some of the steadily improving devices now on the market. ”

“ The rational way is to do away with the pollutions, not to keep them and to fight them by ventilation. Without strict cleanliness in a house or public institution, all contrivances for ventilation will not do much good; the proper domain of ventilation begins where cleanliness, by rapid removal or careful shutting up of air-polluting substances, has done its best. ”

“ Ozone diluted to this degree has a slight odour which is very refreshing, and besides diminishing the number of organic germs in the air, it neutralizes unpleasant smells, such as arise from cooking or stale tobacco smoke. Ozone ventilation is now employed successfully in many hotels, steamships, theatres and other places of entertainment, municipal and public buildings, and factories. ”