Closed shop

Definition and stakes

Portrait of William Bennett Munro William Bennett Munro,  Social Civics (1922)

“ The Closed Shop and the Open Shop.—The most hotly-debated question in the whole range of labor problems today concerns the policy of the open versus the closed shop. Shall all shops and factories be closed to those who are not members of the union? Shall non-union men be virtually required to join the union or be refused employment unless they do? Or shall shops and factories be open to all competent workers no matter whether they belong to the union or not? A closed shop, 409so-called, is a factory or other industrial plant in which none but members of a labor union are employed. ”
Source: Gutenberg

S. Macnaughtan,  A Lame Dog's Diary

“ When a shop is closed on Thursday, which is early-closing day, one can generally "be obliged" by ringing at the house-bell, and, under conduct of the master of the place, may enter the darkened shop by the side door, and be accommodated with the purchase that one requires. For the old custom still holds of living—where it seems most natural for a merchant to live—in the place where he does his business. ”
Source: Gutenberg

Sue Ainslie Clark,  Making Both Ends Meet: The income and outlay of New York working girls

“ Brandeis, as a result of close study of labor disputes and a rich experience in settling strikes, had reached the conclusion that the position of the adherents of the closed as well as those of the open shop was economically and socially untenable. The inherent objection to the closed shop, he contends, is that it creates an uncontrolled and irresponsible monopoly of labor. ”
Source: Gutenberg

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