Cluster

“ Let us create a disturbance among the globular group by stirring it with a straw. All wake up at once. The cluster softly dilates and spreads, as though set in motion by some centrifugal force; it becomes a transparent orb wherein thousands and thousands of tiny legs quiver and shake, while threads are extended along the way to be followed. The whole work resolves itself into a delicate veil which swallows up the scattered family. ”

“ Objects, as the stars, may present themselves in small clusters, which are again more or less aggravated into clusters of clusters, in such manner that the individuals of each simple cluster are much closer together than are the simple clusters gathered into a compound cluster: in which case, the trait that unites groups of groups differs from the trait that unites groups, not in nature but only in amount. But this is not so either with the groups and sub-groups which we know have resulted from evolution, or with those which we here infer have resulted from evolution. ”

“ Whatever the number of pieces in a cluster in the closest possible packing of solids may be for any particular shape, we may consider each cluster as itself a given single body, and thus reduce the problem to the packing closely together of assemblages of individuals all sameways oriented ”

“ Thus cluster after cluster passes before one's eyes, all fairy-like, green, and romantic, but all as infinitely varied in shape and contour as intricate intermixture of rock and vegetation, and land and water, can possibly make them. ”

“ What benefit, it is asked, can a cluster of stars be to us, which can be only discoverer, by the telescope—while, at the same time, that cluster consists of thousands of worlds, each as large as our sun? ”

“ Closing our eyes equally to deduction and induction, we insist upon imagining a revolution of all the orbs of the Galaxy about some gigantic globe which we take to be the central pivot of the whole. Each cluster in the great cluster of clusters is imagined, of course, to be similarly supplied and constructed ”

“ Centripetal Clusters.—If the flower-bearing axils were rather close together, an open or leafy flower-cluster might result. If the plant continues to grow from the tip, the older flowers are left farther and farther behind. If the cluster were so short as to be flat or convex on top, the outermost flowers would be the older. A flower-cluster in which the lower or outer flowers open first is said to be a centripetal cluster. It is sometimes said to be an indeterminate cluster, since it is the result of a type of growth which may go on more or less continuously from the apex. ”

“ A cluster means a countenance, it always does, it cannot but choose to be cautious and unnecessary and in a study. It cannot suggest a better way to be taken. It cannot take a use. It cannot stay spread in a vacant space emptily.
Any occasion to see the splendid having Saturday is the one that makes a double doleful. Any west resemblance is nightly. ”

“ If it be supposed that when magnified, each of these dots resolves itself into a cluster of clusters, representing genera and species, an approximate idea will be formed of the relations among the successively-subordinate groups constituting the animal kingdom. Besides the subordination of groups and their general distribution, some other facts are indicated. By the distances of the great divisions from the general centre, are rudely symbolized their respective degrees of divergence from the form of simple, undifferentiated organic matter; which we may regard as their common source. ”

“ The appearance of this cluster of clusters, to our eyes, as a belt or band, is altogether a perspective phænomenon of the same character as that which causes us to behold our own individual and roughly-spherical cluster, the Galaxy, under guise also of a belt, traversing the Heavens at right angles to the Universal one. ”

“ The result would be that, at some definite distance, and all greater distances, the preponderating light received from such a cluster would be derived from the gaseous envelopes and not from the isolated stellar masses. The spectrum of the cluster would, therefore, become a linear one, like that from the gaseous surroundings of our own sun. ”

“ We find every variety in the clusters; sometimes the stars are remarkable for their brilliancy, sometimes for their enormous numbers, and sometimes for the remarkable form in which they are grouped. Sometimes a star cluster is adorned with brilliantly-coloured stars; sometimes the luminous [Pg 462] points are so close together that their separate rays cannot he disentangled; sometimes the stars are so minute or so distant that the cluster is barely distinguishable from a nebula. ”

“ In looking at a star group of this particular kind the observer may perhaps be reminded of a swarm of bees in flight from the hive, for the stars in the cluster are, on a vast scale, apparently associated in the same way as the bees, on a small scale, are associated in the swarm. We may also compare the stars in the cluster to the bees in the swarm in another respect. Each bee in the swarm is in incessant movement. There can be no doubt that each star in a globular cluster is unceasingly changing its position with reference to the others. ”

“ The experience of this training program demonstrated certain advantages of the cluster format:
It was fairly easy to coordinate the presentation of a particular cluster with the ongoing cross-cultural or technical program. The language coordinator felt that clusters could as easily have been devised for most other kinds of basic material with which she was familiar. Clusters made the staff confident and aware of how much of the culture and the technical details they could explore even as early as the second week (i.e. after 50 hours of instruction) . ”

“ Lord Rosse describes No. 4511 of Sir John Herschel’s General Catalogue of Nebulæ and Clusters (Phil. Trans., 1864) as “a most gorgeous cluster, stars 12-15 magnitude, full of holes.” [370] His sketch of this cluster shows 3 rings of stars in a line, each ring touching the next on the outside. Sir John Herschel described it as “Cluster; very large; very rich; stars 11-15 magnitude (Harding, 1827) ,” but says nothing about the rings. This cluster lies about 5 degrees south of δ Cygni. ”

“ There are three conspicuous clusters in the northern sky that are visible to the naked eye—viz. the Pleiades in Taurus, the Great Cluster in the sword-handle of Perseus, and Praesepe in Cancer, commonly called the Beehive.
The cluster which from time immemorial has had bestowed upon it the chief attention of mankind are the beautiful Pleiades or Seven Sisters, and intertwined among its stars are the legendary and mythological beliefs of ancient nations and untutored tribes inhabiting the different regions of the globe. ”

“ The HINscore is 1 if all nodes in a cluster are directly connected in HIN; it is 0 if they are not connected in HIN but only in the gene cluster due to shared disease associations. Therefore, the HINscore represents a means to measure to what extent the gene clusters represent functional modules and hence to measure the modularity of human diseases. ”

“ The enrichment score of the overall cluster is then the geometric mean of these p-values. Thus the higher the enrichment score, the lower the p-values are for all terms in the overall annotation cluster and the more significantly enriched the overall cluster is in the test gene set. ”

“ Star Clusters.—On observing the heavens on a clear, dark night, there can be seen in different parts of the sky closely aggregated groups of stars called clusters. In some instances the component stars are so near together that the naked eye is unable to discern the individual members of the cluster. They then assume an indistinct, hazy, cloudlike appearance. Upwards of 500 clusters are known to astronomers, the majority of which are very remote. ”

“ In the cluster of leading men there is sure to be some one whose weight is greater than that of any other—some aged hunter, some distinguished warrior, some cunning medicine man, who will have more than his individual share in forming the resolution finally acted upon. That is to say, the entire assemblage will resolve itself into three parts. To use a biological metaphor, there will, out of the general mass, be differentiated a nucleus and a nucleolus. ”

“ They are not aware that a society developed to any extent is a composite organism; that an originally simple cluster of people had grown into a complex community, through double methods, the multiplication of its own offsprings, and its union with another cluster or clusters of people. ”

“ With what despatch are cluster after cluster accumulated into handfuls, and then again into pocketfuls, and then, at last, into cap, hat, or bonnetfuls, till you become a kind of shellicoat, a walking nuttery, a thing of husks and kernels! The voice of your companions is loud and frequent, in the language of inquiry into the state of your success ”

“ Spencer holds that this can be done. For any finite aggregate, being unequally exposed to surrounding forces, will become more diverse in structure, every differentiated part will become the parent of further differences; at the same time, dissimilar units in the aggregate tend to separate, and those which are similar, to cluster together ("segregation") ; and this subdivision and dissipation of forces, so long as there are any forces unbalanced by opposite forces, must end at last in rest ”

“ From this it would seem that about eight per cent. of the clusters fail to develop, a percentage which would probably be somewhat increased if care had been exercised in noting the buds where development had been arrested at a very early stage.
On the 10 plants, 14 axillary clusters were produced, being 5.5 per cent. of all the developed clusters. Of these 14 clusters, 2 produced 2 buds each, the others only 1; an average of 1.14 flowers per cluster. The 241 normally developed clusters produced 773 buds, an average of 3.27 flowers per cluster. ”

“ If the rubbed surfaces severally consist of highly-compounded molecules—each containing, it may be, several hundreds of minor molecules, united into a def­i­nite­ly-ar­ranged cluster; then, while the molecules as wholes affect one another’s motions, must we not infer that the constituents of the one class will affect the constituents of the other class in their motions? ”

“ Use of clusters at the end of the day aroused the attention and enthusiasm of the trainees for something they were curious about and interested in. The very loose format helped the instructors to see how they were able to use different clusters or parts of clusters with different groups or single trainees. ”

“ Ch 4; make tr in next 4 tr, working off together as for a cluster; * ch 4, 5 tr in next ch-3 sp, ch 4, skip 1st tr of next group; make tr in next 5 tr, working off together as for a cluster. Repeat from * around. Join last ch-4 to tip of first cluster. 5th rnd: Ch 8, * skip 1st 3 ch of ch-4, tr in next ch, tr in next 5 tr, tr in 1st ch of next ch-4, ch 4, tr in tip of cluster, ch 4. Repeat from * around. Join to 4th st of ch-8. 6th rnd: * Ch 12, skip 1st tr of next group, tr in next 5 tr, working off together as for a cluster; ch 12, sc in the single tr between groups. ”

“ Fourthly, Let it now be asked, in what the recollection of a past fact, consisting of one hundred clusters, as above, differs from the transit of the same one hundred clusters, over the fancy, in the way of a reverie? I answer, partly in the vividness of the clusters, partly and principally in the readiness and strength of the associations, by which they are cemented together. ”

“ That a tractive force is at work seems inferable from the results. For the separated halves of the split chromosomes, which now form clusters on the two sides of the equatorial plane, gradually part company, and are apparently drawn as clusters towards the opposing centrosomes. ”

“ Systems, however, are found in the heavens with every gradation, from twin stars up to clusters, whose constituent elements cannot be numbered. These clusters, too, are often evidently connected with a higher grade of grouping—bearing the same relation to the whole system, that a single square of a city bears to the city itself. ”

“ Star clusters have been arranged into two classes, ‘irregular’ and ‘globular;’ but no sharp line of demarcation exists between them, though each have their distinctive peculiarities. Irregular clusters consist of aggregations of stars brought promiscuously together, and presenting an appearance devoid of any structural arrangement. They are of different shapes and sizes, possess no distinct outline, and are not condensed towards their centre, like those that are globular. ”

“ As these original atoms rushed towards each other in generally straight lines, so let us conceive as at least generally rectilinear, the paths of the system-atoms towards their respective centres of aggregation:—and in this direct drawing together of the systems into clusters, with a similar and simultaneous drawing together of the clusters themselves while undergoing consolidation, we have at length attained the great Now—the awful Present—the Existing Condition of the Universe.
Of the still more awful Future a not irrational analogy may guide us in framing an hypothesis. ”

“ For though each individual may have its external parts differently related to environing agencies, yet the new individuals produced by spontaneous fission, whether they part company or whether they form clusters and are made polyhedral by mutual pressure, have no means of maintaining parallel relations of position among their parts. On the contrary, the indefiniteness of the attitudes into which successive generations fall, must prevent the rise of any unlikeness between one portion of the surface and another. ”