Exhaust pipe

“ The joints or threaded sleeves employed in assembling the exhaust-pipe should be tested for tightness. The combined action of the moisture and heat causes the metal to rust and to deteriorate very rapidly at leaky spots.
When several engines are installed near one another, each should be provided with a special exhaust-pipe; otherwise it may happen, when the engines are all running at once, that the products of combustion discharged by the one may cause a back pressure detrimental to the exhaust of the next. ”

“ From the comparatively small pipe, the exhaust is liberated into the larger chambers of the muffler, where the force of the exhaust is lessened by expansion and discharged out of the muffler with practically no noise. The Ford muffler construction is such that there is very little back pressure of the escaping gases, consequently there is nothing to be gained by putting a cut-out on the exhaust pipe between the engine and the muffler. ”

“ The exhaust pipe from the engine which conducts off the exhaust gases after they have done their work in the cylinder is connected to a peculiarly constructed chamber, called a Silencer, attached to the frame of the car. ”

“ The simplest method, and the one usually employed in exhaust-steam heating, consists in dividing the main exhaust pipe, which receives the exhaust steam from all engines and pumps about the steam plant, into two branches, one leading to the atmosphere, the other being connected to the heating system. On the pipe to the atmosphere is placed a back-pressure valve, the object of which is to automatically maintain a uniform pressure upon the exhaust and upon the heating system, so that the steam may flow into the heating system as fast as it condenses in the radiators. ”

“ The power required to work pumps, of whatever construction, is saved: the exhaust injector doing the same work by the condensation of waste steam.
The waste steam, in passing through the injector, heats the feed-water to a temperature of about 190° F. The condensation in the injector of so large a quantity of waste steam reduces256 back pressure considerably, and necessarily increases the power of the engine.
It is not uncommon for these injectors to form a vacuum of a half-inch of mercury within the exhaust pipe, which of course helps the engine to that extent. ”

“ A large amount of the heat resulting from each explosion is carried out through the exhaust pipe in the form of the burned gases, while other portions radiate into the surrounding air. These outlets are not sufficient, however, to carry away all the heat that is necessary to enable the motor to run efficiently, for proper piston lubrication is exceedingly difficult to obtain at high temperatures. ”

“ The stream of air is usually accomplished by the use of ordinary chimney draft assisted by the warm products of heating from the heater. The hot air products of combustion pass through a tapered nozzle into the moist air exhaust pipe, and by the speed a suction is created which helps to pull the moist air out of the cabinet and up the chimney.
When you buy a dryer see to it that the exhaust pipe is large so that you will have wind and heat instead of just heat. Air circulation is what you are really buying. ”

“ Detonations produced at the exhaust are caused by the burning of a charge of the explosive mixture in the exhaust-pipe, which charge, for some reason, has not been ignited in the cylinder, and has been driven into the exhaust-pipe, where it catches fire on coming into contact with the incandescent gases discharged from the cylinder after the following explosion. ”

“ The free area for passage of steam is arranged to be one and a half times that of the exhaust pipe, so that there is no possible danger of back pressure. The wrought iron shell, G, connecting the stand, A, with the dome, H, is made strong enough to withstand the full boiler pressure. An ordinary casing, J, of wood or other material prevents loss by radiation of heat. ”

“ Exhaust System. The exhaust system consists of muffler and tailpiece assembly, front exhaust pipe assembly, and rear exhaust pipe. Exhaust pipe ends are a slip fit in cylinder exhaust ports.
76. AIR CLEANER (figs. 46 and 47) . a. General. Air cleaner should not be submerged in water, nor should high‐pressure stream be directed into cleaner louvers (where air enters on rear of body) when cleaning vehicle. Either water or dirt entering air cleaner in excessive quantities will raise the oil level in oil cup and choke off proper air supply to carburetor. ”

“ The nozzle should be cleaned with a small wire run back and forth throughout the opening.
CLOGGED AIR VENT in the float chamber will change the level of the fuel, and will either “starve” the engine, or flood the carburetor. The air in the float chamber is a very small hole, and is likely to clog.
HOT FUEL PIPE. If the fuel pipe that connects the tank with the carburetor, becomes hot, due to its proximity to the exhaust pipe of cylinders, vapor will be formed in the pipe that will interfere with the flow of fuel. ”

“ If too much straw is forced in, that will check the flame. The flame should never be checked. If damp straw gets against the ends of the flues, it should be scraped off with the poker from side door. Clean the tubes well once a day. The draft must always be kept strong enough to produce a white heat, and if this cannot be done otherwise, a smaller nozzle may be used on the exhaust pipe; but this should be avoided when possible, since it causes back pressure on the engine. ”

“ Throttling Calorimeter
and Sampling Nozzle
The instrument and all pipes and fittings leading to it should be thoroughly insulated to diminish radiation losses. Care must be taken to prevent the orifice from becoming choked with dirt and to see that no leaks occur. The exhaust pipe should be short to prevent back pressure below the disk. ”

“ At the roof the 40-inch riser is run into a 48-inch stand pipe. This is capped with an exhaust head, the top of which is 35 feet above the roof.
All the exhaust piping 30 inches in diameter and over is longitudinally riveted steel with cast-iron flanges riveted on to it. Expansion joints are provided where necessary to relieve the piping from the strains due to expansion and contraction, and where the joints are located near the engine and generator they are of corrugated copper. The expansion joints in the 40-inch risers above the pipe area are ordinarily packed slip joints. ”

“ The beat of the exhaust, working, as it does, on the quarters, causes a constant sawing or backward and forward circulation of steam without any discharge, and only the condensation is carried off.
The water is brought from the pump and discharged into the lower side of the heater well forward, and passes around the heating tubes to the end, when it is discharged into a pipe that carries it forward, either direct to the check or into the purifier, which is located between the frames under the boiler, and consists of a chamber in which are arranged a live steam coil and a filter above the coil. ”

“ F is a netting or grating placed around the top of the petticoat pipe so as to cover the annular opening caused by the difference in size of the upper part of the petticoat pipe and the bottom of the smokestack, G. H is a piece of boiler plate or sheet iron placed at the bottom of the smokebox in order to provide a flat surface for the grate, D, to rest upon, and is provided with holes, through which the exhaust pipes, I, I, pass. ”

“ As the gas has but a small part of the stroke left in which to expand, the pressure at the point of release is much higher than the release pressure of the ideal diagram, which means that a considerable amount of heat and pressure have been wasted through the exhaust pipe. Besides the heat loss, the 79high temperature of the escaping gas has a bad effect on the exhaust valve and passage. The great volume of gas passing through the exhaust valve also increases the back pressure on the scavenging stroke. ”

“ In plants where exhaust steam can be used to advantage, as in large generating stations, a steam [Pg 71] turbo-compressor, multiple-stage, exhausting to a feed water heater will show great economy, and the operating costs of a large plant of this type are very low compared with any other form of conveyor. This will be obvious when it is pointed out that maintenance costs on the conveyor are confined to renewals of bends and junctions in the pipe lines, and of flexible hose. ”

“ The exhaust steam for heating is taken equally from both sides of the locomotive by tapping a two-inch nipple with a cup shaped extension on it in such a way as to catch a portion of the exhaust without interfering with the free escape of the steam for the blast, and without any back pressure, as it relieves the back pressure as much as it condenses. The pipe from one side of the engine is connected with the chamber into which the heating tubes are screwed, and is in direct communication with them. ”

“ The mixing chamber has no adjustments; it is a passage, often a pipe, that is shaped to fit the conditions, and according to the ideas of the manufacturer. When kerosene and distillate are used, the mixing chamber must be heated, so it is frequently built into the exhaust manifold, which is the pipe that conducts the burned gases away from the engine. In some cases it gets heat from the water jacket of the engine, a water jacket formed around it being connected with the cooling system. ”

“ If the steam circulation were uniform and continuous and the water of condensation kept separate from the steam supply, as in properly arranged two-pipe systems, the pipes might be very small; but it is necessary to allow for sudden opening of radiator valves, so as to take care of the momentary demand for steam which this causes, as well as the rush of water of condensation which accompanies it. For exhaust and low-pressure gravity systems, it may be laid down as a general rule that pipe sizes should be larger for the simple one-pipe system than for any other arrangement. ”

“ The diameter of the exhaust steam main increased from 8 in. at the remote machines to 20 in., and then to 30 in., at the steam separator, which in turn was connected with the condensers. A pipe with an automatic relief valve from the exhaust to the atmosphere was used when the condensers were shut down. All piping was of the standard, flanged extra-heavy type, with bronze-seated gate-valves on the principal lines, and globe-valves on some of the auxiliary ones. ”

“ At the end of the working stroke the exhaust valve must liberate the gases and remain open to the end of the scavenging stroke to eliminate the residual gas while the closed inlet valve prevents the burnt gases from being forced through the inlet pipe and carburetor. ”

“ G is the exhaust water-pipe bent up to the back pressure-valve on boiler, and H the supply-pipe carried on to rear of engine.
You will find two small blow-off cocks on each cylinder very handy to get rid of the condensed steam when starting the engine with cold cylinders, as without them the cylinders get choked, and you stand a good chance of getting scalded by the hot water being thrown up the chimney with considerable force. ”

“ This patent shows the exhaust nozzles as entering the frustrum of a cone formed of perforated metal, which at the top unites with a downward extension of the chimney, the perforations extending up to the smokearch, and outside of the spark arrester is a lift pipe which may be made adjustable. ”

“ Before connecting the steam pipes, blow out with steam pressure the chips and dirt in the steam pipes. Always use the union furnished with the pump. It has a gauze gasket in it to catch the dirt that may get into the valve. Before starting pump, open air cock in delivery pipe and turn exhaust lever back, away from the air chamber. Then open throttle valve wide and allow pump to exhaust into the air until it takes suction, when deflecting lever may be thrown forward toward air chamber and cold water in the pump will condense the exhaust and return it to the boiler. ”

“ See Morton’s ejector condenser, which requires no air pump; Hayward’s exhaust condenser, which employs the water in suction pipe of a pumping engine to condense the steam. See Messrs. Tangye’s list. Water tube cooling coils are used for tuyeres and other hot surfaces.
Air-compressing and gas engine cylinders are water jacketed to carry off the heat of the compressed air or gas. Cooling by exposing a large surface to air is sometimes employed for exhaust steam on tram car engines &c., the apparatus consisting generally of numerous wrought-iron tubes or coils. ”

“ The exhaust occurs through the valve chamber, which, at each stroke, puts the large cylinder in connection with the eduction port, M.
The volume of air included between the two pistons is displaced at every stroke, so that, according to the position occupied by the pistons, it is held either by the large or small cylinder. The necessary result of this is that a compression of the air, and consequently a resistance, is brought about. In order to obviate this inconvenience, the constructor has connected the space between the two pistons at the part, A', of the frame by a bent pipe. ”

“ The exhaust-chest should be placed as near as possible to the engine; it should never be buried; for the joints of the inlet and outlet pipes of the exhaust-chest should be easily accessible, so that they may be renewed when necessary. The 84 author recommends the placing of the exhaust-chest in a masonry pit, which can be closed with a sheet-metal cover. For engines of 20 horse-power and upward, these joints should be entirely of asbestos. Pipes screwed directly into the casting are liable to rust. Exposed as they are to the steam or water of the exhaust, they cannot be detached. ”