Remote sensing

“ Fortunately, the capacity to monitor and map Earth change and to assess risk is also growing rapidly. Data from remote sensing platforms in space can now be merged with data from conventional land-based sources Augmented by digital communications and advanced information analysis, photo, mapping, and other techniques, these data can provide up-to-date information on a wide variety of resource, climatic, pollution, and other variables. ”

“ Fostering the development of advanced remote sensing technologies, with the goal of reducing the cost and increasing the performance of future Landsattype satellites to meet U.S. government needs, and potentially, enabling substantially greater opportunities for commercialization. Seeking to minimize the cost of Landsattype data for U.S. government agencies and to provide data for use in global change research in a manner consistent with the Administration's Data Management for Global Change Research Policy Statements. ”

“ More capable remote sensing is the key to efficient exploration, making more selective and efficient use of highly complex equipment for atmospheric and planetary surface monitoring.
With respect to reasoning, automated decisionmaking emerges as an important research area. Within this field, development might depart from current expert systems with advancements coming in the form of interacting simulation models of the processes which structure given domains and hypothesis formulating logics. ”

“ Hidden among them, however, are hydrocarbon reservoirs, evaporites, and other mineral deposits, as well as human artifacts preserved for centuries by the arid climate. In these harsh environments, the information and perspective required to increase our understanding of arid-land geology and resources often depends on remote-sensing methods. Remote sensing is the collection of information about an object without being in direct physical contact with it. ”

“ The use of remote-sensing technology to monitor the Earth's surface is not new. Satellites orbiting the Earth currently provide remotely sensed data, but they focus on large areas of the planet’s surface. Aerial photography obtained by on-board pilots has been available for decades, but it is expensive. ”

“ We will also extend the integrated application of remote-sensing satellite data on land, ocean and meteorology, advance the construction of infrastructure for integrated application of the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System, satellite communications, and the ground communications network, and improve our capacity to tailor and refine professional services. ”

“ Remote Sensing from Space 58. If humanity is going to respond effectively to the consequences of changes human activity has induced – the build-up of atmospheric carbon dioxide, depletion of stratospheric ozone, acid precipitation, and tropical forest destruction – better data on the Earth's natural systems will be essential. ”

“ Many services are provided through the use of sophisticated equipment and techniques, such as satellite-borne remote sensing devices and automated positioning, measuring, recording, and plotting equipment. ”

“ St,ice the Earth's atmospheric modeling will be done in much greater detail than is necessary for planetary exploration, tests of adaptive radiative transfer and hydrostatic equilibrium modeling should be kept simple. In planetary exploration, relatively crude remote sensing to determine composition, winds, atmospheric structure, cloud cover, and temperature profiles will be needed to obtain a general understanding of the planet's atmosphere. ”

“ Q. Now that you've seen high-res views of pebbly surface, what does that suggest about the kinds of measures on soil before you get to outcropping? Maybe measures of the soil and of the area where the airbags hit?
Matt: preliminary discussion with science team this morning. Agreement we're in unique spot and we need to characterize these soils the best we can. Chem measurements, mini-TES, hazard cam and Pancam images. Strong desire to trench to try to gain the mechanical properties of that material it's all sitting there for us. Also tantalizing clues in remote sensing data. ”

“ A better analogy might be made with a large electronic computer—but no terrestrial computer was ever asked to supply its own power source and to operate unattended in the vacuum of space for up to a decade.
Each Voyager spacecraft carries instruments for eleven science investigations covering visual, infrared, and ultraviolet regions of the spectrum, and other remote sensing studies of the planets and satellites; studies of radio emissions, magnetic fields, cosmic rays, and lower energy particles; plasma (ionized gases) waves and particles; and studies using the spacecraft radios. ”

“ We will take steps to build our capabilities of highly efficient, comprehensive global observation and data acquisition with a rational allocation of low-, medium- and high-spatial resolution technologies, and an optimized combination of multiple observation methods. China will make overall construction and improvement on remote-sensing satellite receiving station networks, calibration and validation fields, data centers, data-sharing platforms and common application supporting platforms to provide remote-sensing satellite data receiving services across the world. ”

“ Space infrastructure China is to improve its satellite systems and their basic related items, develop the three major satellite systems of remote-sensing, communications and broadcasting, and navigation and positioning, and build a space-ground integrated information network. In this way, a space infrastructure system capable of providing steady and sustained services will take shape, boosting the satellite and related applications industrial sector. ”

“ Work in astronomy, physics and the life sciences, as well as work in the earth sciences and remote sensing, will form an essential part of the foundation for future applications benefits and will contribute to the broadening horizons of man as he acquires knowledge not only of his own planet but also about the rest of the universe.
Lunar Exploration - Apollo-type manned missions to continue exploration of the Moon should proceed. The launch rate should permit maximum responsiveness to new discoveries while maintaining mission safety and efficient utilization of support personnel. ”

“ The space industry helps to improve people's lives.
The satellite remote-sensing system has been used by almost all departments at national and provincial levels to conduct emergency monitoring of over 100 major and catastrophic natural disasters around the country. It provides services to tens of thousands of domestic users and over 100 countries, having distributed over 100 million scenes of data. ”

“ The Minister of the Environment and I are reviewing Canada's approach to the environmental technology sectors. When that review is complete we will table detailed plans for this strategic sector.
The budget allocation of $800 million over 10 years for a new long-term space plan is proof of the government's commitment to Canada's continued role as a space-faring nation. The new space plan will be within our financial means and will build on our strengths in earth observation, remote sensing and satellite communications. ”

“ Review of national and defense policy relevant to the requirements for, acquisition of, and use of commercial satellite capabilities, and the relationship with commercial satellite providers. (2) Assessment of the manner in which commercial satellite capabilities are used by the Department of Defense and options for expanding such use or identifying new means to leverage commercial satellite capabilities, such as hosting payloads. (3) Review of military requirements for satellite communications and remote sensing by quantity, quality, timeline, and any other metric considered appropriate. ”

“ Since the atmospheric niche sizes are large, the savings from averaging three-dimensional data can be huge. To ensure that niche properties such as rainfall are faithfully reproduced over the niche, the number of higher-order characteristics such as Fourier components of the data may be large, perhaps several hundred. Another alteration of the land sensing concept must be made when comparing incoming observations to a resident world model on board the satellite. ”

“ Earth Atmospheric Modeling The choice of sensor measurements most appropriate for terrestrial meteorological monitoring will require great advances in our present understanding of the atmosphere. Because of their dynamic and highly interactive character, the boundaries of homogeneous atmospheric three dimensional niches will be far more difficult to define than surface niches whose features are essentially stationary by comparison. An important stage in the development of the Intelligent Earth-Sensing Information System will thus be the definition of useful niche concepts. ”

“ The Terrestrial Applications Team elected to examine a sophisticated, highly intelligent information processing and delivery system for data obtained from Earth-sensing satellites. Such a system can play an immediate and practical role in assisting people to manage local resources, and, in a broader sense, could provide continuous global monitoring that is useful in the management of the individual and collective activities of man. ”

“ The larger, and the more powerful our telescopes are, the further are we enabled to penetrate into those distant and unknown regions; and however far we penetrate into the abyss of space, new objects of wonder and magnificence still continue rising to our view—affording the strongest presumption, that were we to penetrate ten thousand times farther into those remote spaces of immensity, new suns, and systems, and worlds would be disclosed to our view. ”

“ The logical deployment sequence of user-oriented resource satellites begins with a set of basic land-observing satellites whose world model already can be rather fully detailed. Since the satellites will spend about 75% of their time over the ocean it is natural to include ocean-sensing capability with as much ocean modeling as is feasible at the time of design and launch. ”

“ Sensor and manipulator technology is advancing apace, largely through rapid growth in the fields of industrial robotics and computer science. Approximately 40% of human sensory input is in the form of vision, so it is appropriate that most work in physical perception relates to visual information processing and remote scene nterpretation. Algorithms and specialized sensors developed for satellite on-board pattern recognition and scene analysis can enable the teleoperator to perform many of these functions. ”

“ Terrestrial cloud cover and weather conditions are obtained from one of the IESIS geostationary satellites and navigational data are transmitted from a global positioning system already in place. Each satellite adjusts its attitude as required, turns detectors on and off, modifies sensor resolution, and takes both active and passive observations of the Earth. Data then are processed by comparison to predicted observables as derived from the world model. ”

“ Fortunately, modern technology—given a boost by the world’s interest in rockets, missiles, and the exploration of space—has shown us one answer to this problem: the communications satellite. The conventional pathways for long-distance communication have led along the earth’s surface, under the oceans, and through the lower atmosphere. ”

“ Space applications Application of earth observation satellites. The ground system and applications of earth observation satellites are improving, the fields and levels in which these satellites are used are expanding and the application benefits are growing. The ground stations receiving data from land, ocean and meteorological observation satellites are operating based on comprehensive planning, a satellite data ground network with the capacity of receiving data from high- and low-orbit satellites and reasonable arrangement at home and abroad. ”

“ Weather control had been in effect since the middle sixties, but the telemetric readings of the unmanned weather-control satellites, owing to faulty orientation, had fallen far short of the one-hundred percent accuracy needed to make the regulation of rain and sunshine something more than a half-realized dream, and it was hoped that the present satellite, given a human boost, would bring the dream to fruition. ”

“ And, in 1962, Project Telstar demonstrated to the whole world that an active repeater satellite could send telephone calls, data, and television across the ocean.
Bringing satellite communications almost to reality has required more than putting a man-made satellite into orbit around the earth. Just as important have been the invention and development of many remarkable new devices: the transistor, the solar cell, the traveling wave tube, the horn-reflector antenna, the waveguide, the solid-state maser, and the electronic computer—to mention only some of the more important. ”

“ Environmental satellite data are used for research and for commercial purposes in meteorology, hydrology, agriculture, oceanography, forestry, and fisheries. The United States' prestige is enhanced by the direct dissemination of environmental satellite data to more than one hundred and twenty countries. ”

“ Near-Earth satellites inventory our agricultural resources, search for mineral deposits, and measure the ecological impact of forest fires and volcanic eruptions. New products for industry, home, and medical use also have moved into the private sector.
As we have employed unmanned satellites to conduct research in space, we have also utilized the presence of man. ”

“ On the other hand, man's senses can be satisfactorily duplicated at remote locations by the use of available instrumentation and advances in the state of the art are continually increasing the ability to transmit information back to a central receiving point. ”

“ Weather satellites have evolved into environmental satellites that also monitor snow and ice cover, forest damage, vegetation, forest fires, volcanic eruptions, sea surface temperatures, and ocean currents. ”

“ Oh, I could still get around in your world. I could still "see" people. All objects radiate heat, even ice. As an object's temperature goes up, the wavelength of the radiation given off goes up to the infra-red, then into the visible. I could tell how hot water was by looking at it. I could see people by the heat they gave off, glowing figures moving down the street and around the lab!
And still my range of vision shifted. Down to short waves and radio waves, the language of international communication, the wavelengths that continents and countries speak to each other in. ”