Trochanter

“ If the accident consists merely in the formation of a depression in the muscle, in which the summit of the trochanter is fixed, and if there is no fissuring, the muscle and the femur are certainly immobilised, but the limb can be moved to a certain extent, the “mowing” movement is less marked, and there is no well-defined rigid cord along the anterior margin of the muscle. ”

“ Inspection discovers a depression where the great trochanter should be. On applying the open hand over the hip joint, whilst an assistant who grasps the pastern moves the limb in different directions, one can feel and hear, in spite of the mass of muscle covering the part, a modified crepitation due to sero-sanguinolent effusion in and around the joint. ”

“ In some Orthoptera, especially in Blattidae, and in Termitidae, there is a transverse chitinised fold interposed between the sternum and the coxa, and this has the appearance of being the same piece as the trochantin of the anterior legs of Coleoptera.
Fig. 58.—Hind leg of Panorpa: a, episternum; a′, epimeron; b, coxa; b′, coxal fold of epimeron; c, trochanter; d, femur; e, tibia; f, tarsus.
Beyond the coxa comes the trochanter; this in many Hymenoptera is a double piece, though in other Insects it is single; usually it is the most insignificant part of the leg. ”

“ The trochanter, femur and tibia are all granulate and sparsely covered with short, simple hairs. Claw large, hand broad, smoothly convex on both sides; finger as long as the hand and slightly curved. It is also provided with long, tactile hairs. ”

“ Fractures of the great trochanter are the effect either of falls on that protuberance, or of the action of bodies striking against it. Oblique or transverse, situated sometimes at its summit, and sometimes at its base, these fractures may be either simple or complicated. They are rendered complicated sometimes by splinters and a swelling, as happens when a ball produces the division, and at other times by a fracture of the neck of the bone, an example of which we find in the Journal of Surgery, in the case of a man seventy years of age, who had been long subject to the itch. ”

“ If we compare the femur of certain animals with that of man, we see that the corresponding details of form are readily recognisable, but they are slightly modified. Thus, on examining the superior extremity, we find there a head, a neck, a great trochanter, and a lesser; but the neck is usually short and thick, and the great trochanter does not occupy the same level with regard to the articular head of the bone. ”

“ In this injury there is apparent lengthening of the limb, and flattening of the hip; the patient is able to use the member, though not freely. Before swelling has taken place, crepitation can be perceived on laying hold of the trochanter whilst the limb is in motion; and the trochanter itself is found to be in a slight degree moveable.
Fracture of the upper part of the shaft is attended with immediate and great shortening; the limb is much misshapen, and lies on its outer side, with the knee partially bent. The upper fragment of the bone projects ”

“ In the hind-wings—on account of their reduced size—the nervures are even more reduced than in the fore-wings.
The legs of Hymenoptera are of the typical insectan form, and the foot is usually composed of five segments. In many families the trochanter appears to be represented by two small segments, there being thus an extra joint in the leg. ”

“ The femoral glands lie chiefly over the saphenous opening and along the outer side of the saphena vein: they receive the absorbents of the lower extremity; they receive some also from the scrotum—of which we have practical evidence in cases of chimney-sweepers’ cancer.
98. Trochanter major.—The trochanter major is a most valuable landmark, to which we are continually appealing in injuries and diseases of the lower extremity. ”

“ Treatment.—In the first stages of an acute affection absolute quiet must be enforced; local antiphlogistic applications are beneficial. Later, vesication of a liberal area surrounding the trochanter major is indicated. Where the condition has become chronic in horses that are to be kept at heavy draft work there is little chance for complete recovery. And, naturally, one is not to expect resolution in cases where there exist erosion and ossification of cartilage—where crepitation is discernible. ”

“ The inner trochlea differs from that of the Scelidothere in having a greater relative antero-posterior extent, and in forming, in place of an uniform convex surface, a trochlea similar in structure to that on the outer side. The extent of rough surface on the upper part of the astragalus intervening between the articular surface for the bones of the leg, and that for the scaphoides is extremely small in the Megathere and Mylodon (?) ; it is relatively greater in the Scelidothere ”

“ Fürbringer differs from Hoffmann in that he considers that the nerve was originally a motor nerve, and was not transformed from sensory to motor, yet thinks Hoffmann's suggestion is in the right direction.
He points out that the crossing of the trochlearis is not a crossing of fibres between two centres in the central nervous system, but may be explained by the shifting of the peripheral organ, i.e. the muscle, from one side to the other, and the nerve following this shift. ”

“ They are developed in the alimentary canal, and then perforate its tissues and enter the muscles. Twelve trichinæ have been found in a section of human muscle only one-twelfth of an inch square and one-fifth of an inch in thickness.
The early symptoms of trichinæ are very uncertain, being the same as those of some other disease. The patient complains of severe pain in the abdomen and is troubled with diarrhea. When the trichinæ pass into the muscles, they occasion great suffering. There are sharp pains in the muscles, the perspiration is profuse, and the patient becomes exhausted. ”

“ Our syringe has a screw fitting turned on the suction end so that any of the tubes or the Gas-trocar can be fitted on and collections of fluid in the body pumped out with it.
All the tubes and the Gas-trocar are nickel plated and non-corrosive, and we would call especial attention to our improved Gas-trocar which is the most complete tool of its kind ever manufactured being superior to any other as it is so constructed that it will not clog. ”

“ Whenever it is desirable for any reason to avoid leaving any external mark of the puncture, it should be made at the navel, first drawing the loose fold of skin at one side and puncturing through the navel; then, when the trocar is withdrawn the loose skin around the navel returns to its natural position. The trocar can be pointed downwards and to each side, injecting some of the Preservative in each place, thus accomplishing the thorough injection of the abdominal cavity from only one point of insertion. ”

“ The two great groups, Annelida and Mollusca, which by their adult structure present considerable affinity with one another, agree in possessing a very similar larval form, known as the trochosphere or trochophore.
A typical trochosphere larva (figs. 1, 2) possesses a small, transparent body divided into a large preoral lobe and a small postoral region. The mouth (4) is on the ventral surface at the junction of the preoral lobe with the hinder part of the body, and there is an anus (7) at the hind end. ”

“ As Trot looked at him she was surprised to see that he had one foot out of bed and that to his big toe was tied a cord that led out of the bedchamber into a small dressing room beyond. Trot slowly followed this cord and in the dressing room came upon Cap'n Bill, who was lying asleep upon a lounge and snoring with great vigor. His arms were tied to his body and his body was tied fast to the lounge. The wooden leg stuck out into the room at an angle and the shoe on his one foot had been removed so that the end of the cord could be fastened to the sailor's big toe. ”

“ Worker. Length 11⁄2 line. Head and thorax rugose; the antennæ and tarsi rufo-testaceous; the eyes rather prominent, the groove above them at the sides of the head extending backwards to the vertex. Thorax: the anterior margin curved forwards, the lateral angles produced into a bifurcate process on each side, behind the processes, slightly narrowed to the base of a long curved tooth; the posterior margin emarginate with a long sharp spine at each angle of the emargination; the node of the petiole globose. Abdomen black, smooth and shining. ”

“ This should be well done, to guard against purging, and should never be omitted where there is any apparent danger of purging, or where the body is to be moved to any considerable distance before burial. Also puncture the abdomen with the Gas-trocar, and inject through the 13Gas-trocar into the cavity of the body around the bowels about one pint of the Preservative. ”

“ Body elongate. Head rather broader than the fore part of the thorax. Mouth lanceolate; palpi very short. Antennæ slender, filiform, about as long as the breadth of the head; 3rd joint long; 4th and following joints shorter. Thorax elongate-elliptical, with a distinct linear callus along each side; scutellum armed with two obliquely ascending spines. Abdomen elongate-elliptical, most attenuated towards the base, a little broader and longer than the thorax. Legs rather long. Wings long, not broad; 1st subcubital vein hardly one-third the length of the 2nd; four externo-medial veins complete ”

“ But when Thorstein spoke in this outrageous manner, Halldor leapt up so suddenly that the brooch was torn from his cloak, and said, "Something else will happen before I utter that which is not my will."
"What is that?" said Thorstein.
"A poleaxe will stand on your head from one of the worst of men, and thus cast down your insolence and unfairness."
Thorkell answered, "That is an evil prophecy, and I hope it will not be fulfilled; and now I think there is ample cause why you, Halldor, should give up your land and have nothing for it." ”

“ In an article on convulsive torticollis which has been contributed by Meige to the Pratique medico-chirurgicale (1907) he emphasises afresh the distinction between torticollis-spasm and torticollis-tic. The former is provoked by an irritative lesion in the motor nerves supplying the muscles of the neck, or in their nuclei of origin, and the character of the contractions ("contracture frémissante" [Meige] , "contractions parcellaires," "contractions paradoxales" [Babinski] ) in a definite peripheral nerve area is not likely to be mistaken. ”

“ Each of his reeking hairs was as large and stiff as a spear of cornel. Thorkill (his companions lending a hand) , in order that his deeds might gain more credit, plucked one of these from the chin of Utgarda-Loki, who suffered it. Straightway such a noisome smell reached the bystanders, that they could not breathe without stopping their noses with their mantles. They could scarcely make their way out, and were bespattered by the snakes which darted at them on every side.
Only five of Thorkill's company embarked with their captain: the poison killed the rest. ”