Temper, broadly defined, refers to a person’s habitual emotional state or disposition, encompassing traits such as self-control, irritability, and moral character. Authors from diverse backgrounds have examined its nuances: Clifford R. Adams frames it as a manageable weakness, urging introspection to curb explosive tendencies, while Josiah Hotchkiss Gilbert advocates for a balance of gentleness and strength to withstand life’s trials.
Hannah Webster Foster warns of its damaging effects on self-regard and relationships, and Charlotte Mason challenges the idea that temper is purely innate. Henry Drummond dissected ill temper as a combination of vices, emphasizing its moral and social costs. These perspectives collectively reveal temper as both a personal habit and a reflection of deeper character, shaping interactions and ethical resilience.