Trincomalee

“ CASTALIA. Lam. Fam. Trigonées, Lam.—Descr. Fluviatile, equivalve, inequilateral, trigonal, with corroded umbones; hinge with two laminar, transversely striated teeth, one of which is posterior, remote from the umbones, short, divided, the other anterior, elongated; epidermis thick; internal surface pearly. Lamarck, in describing this shell, states, that he regards it as intermediate between Trigonia and Unio. It should, however, certainly have been placed in the family of "Nayades," and perhaps should form a part of the genus Unio itself. C. ambigua, Lam. fig. 140. South America. ”

“ More attention has been paid to the round worms. A species of strongyle (S. striatus) infests the lungs, the male being readily distinguished by its nearly round hood. A second species of strongyle has been mentioned by Diesing, but it is more than doubtful. The lungs are also infested by a small trichosome (Eucoleus tenuis of Dujardin) ; another species of the genus (Trich. exiguum) infesting the stomach and small intestine. As the Trichina spiralis has been repeatedly reared by myself and others in the hedgehog, the little flesh-worm must also be noticed in this place. ”

“ He had just remarked to a companion that it must be a Trigonia, and his companion had laughed at the idea, reminding him that all known Trigonia were fossil, when the shell in question baffled their efforts to discover its generic position by suddenly leaping into the sea, and it was three months before Mr. Stutchbury succeeded in obtaining another.
Some genera possess more than merely passive means of defence. Many Cephalopoda emit a cloud of inky fluid, which is of a somewhat viscous nature, and perhaps, besides being a means of covering retreat, serves to entangle or impede the pursuer. ”

“ The larger-celled part, derived from the apex or distal end of the initial trichome, becomes at about this time more than one cell thick in its middle and terminal regions and shows papilliform outgrowths, the beginnings of the root-hairs. The smaller-celled portion derived from the base or proximal end of the initial trichome remains only one cell thick except in the isthmus of constriction where it finally, in part at least, becomes two or more cells thick. F. 16 shows a well-developed gemma inverted as regards its original relations to the axis of the gametophyte. ”

“ Solitude in a continental town with no amusements beyond those offered by the table d'hôte and the theatre is oppressing. His time he endeavoured to occupy with thinking of the last promise he had made to Gertrude. Should he break it or should he keep it? Sir Thomas Tringle was, no doubt, a very rich man,—and then there was the fact which would become known to all the world, that he had run off with a young lady. Should he ultimately succeed in marrying the young lady the enterprise would bear less of an appearance of failure than it would do otherwise. ”

“ He would never pay the slightest attention to the birds until I would come in the room, and Trinata would light on me. Then he would come up to me, wave his tail, and seem consumed with jealousy.
One evening when he saw Trinata on me, it seemed as if he could not contain himself any longer. He was like a wild tiger fresh from the jungle. I could not pacify him, so sent him down-stairs. At dusk I stood in my dressing-room door and saw Taffy sneak under my bed. I was called down suddenly and forgot him. When I went back a few moments later, I missed Trinata at once. ”

“ Mr. Trinkmann continued, gaining heat. "You would think you was a partner here the way you act. You talk to me like I would be the waiter and you would be the boss. What do you think I am, anyway?"
"But, Mr. Trinkmann——" Louis began.
"Things goes from bad to worst," Trinkmann went on, his voice rising to a bellow. "You treat me like I would be a dawg."
"Aber, Mr. Trinkmann," Louis whimpered, "I——"
"Koosh!" Trinkmann shouted. "I got enough of your Chutzpah. I am through with you. Comes three o'clock this afternoon, you would quit. D'ye hear me?" ”

“ I never had a collection so rich in entirely new things.{394}
I long to hear what you will say of the Trichomanes from Alabama which I sent you.
With best wishes for the new year to you and all yours, I remain,
Yours affectionately,
Asa Gray.
January 28, 1853.
“It never rains but it pours” is an old adage suitable to this meridian and illustrated by what I now send you, namely, a second Trichomanes from Alabama! discovered by the indefatigable Thomas M. Peters, Esq., of Moulton, who (and not Mr. Beaumont, it appears) was the first finder of Trichomanes radicans in Alabama. ”

“ Students of trilobites have always wanted specimens to be delivered to them weathered out of the rock by nature and revealing the ventral anatomy without further work than the collecting, but the wish has never been fulfilled. In the Utica black shales, near Rome, New York, there was finally discovered in 1892 a layer less than ten millimeters thick, bearing hundreds of Triarthrus becki with most of the ventral anatomy intact. ”

“ He dipped his napkin into the glass of water that stood on the table and performed an elaborate prophylaxis about his mouth and teeth.
"What d'ye mean, poison you?" Trinkmann cried.
"Why, there is something here on the fork," Simon declared.
"Let me see," Trinkmann said, advancing to the table; "might it be some Bismarck herring, maybe."
"Bismarck herring ain't poison," Feinsilver said, examining the fork closely. "Bismarck herring never harmed nobody, Trinkmann; but this here fork has got poison onto it." ”

“ To place matters beyond all doubt much remains to be done; yet that which has been accomplished is, or ought to be, of surpassing interest alike to the physician, the scientific pathologist, the epidemiologist, and the philosophic naturalist. In the case of Trichina, Owen’s nomenclature was most properly allowed to stand; but for reasons stated below I have not hesitated to employ for this worm, in its adult state, a name differing from that originally given to the hæmatozoon which turns out to be its representative larval state. ”

“ Tiedemann (1822) , Peacock (1828) described “little bodies” in the muscles of human cadavers which Hilton (1832) considered to be parasitic in nature. Paget (1835) showed that these bodies were round worms and Owen (1835) described them more accurately and gave the name Trichina spiralis to them. Leidy (1846) found organisms in the muscles of hogs which he considered to be the same as Owen’s Trichina and paved the way for the work of Zenker (1860) in showing the pathological relation between the Trichina of pork and human Trichinosis. ”

“ The Trichina (Fig. 25) lives in its immature condition in a sac. These sac-like bodies are found in the pig, the meat of which, if not sufficiently cooked when eaten, will cause this very fatal disease, as the sac being destroyed by the juices of the intestine, the young Trichina is set free, and deposits eggs, the embryos from which bore through the viscera of the unfortunate one. The Trichina belongs to the family of thread-worms or Nematoda. ”

“ The male measures 1·4 to 1·6 mm. in length and 0·04 mm. in diameter. The anterior part of the body is narrowed, the orifice of the cloaca is terminal and lies between the two caudal appendages; internal to these are two pairs of papillæ, dorsal one behind the other. The cloaca is evertible for copulation. The females measure 3 to 4 mm. in length and 0·06 mm. in diameter; anus terminal.
Trichinella spiralis in its adult stage inhabits the small intestine of man, pig, wild boar, rat. The young do not leave the body of the host but become encysted in the muscles. ”

“ Here Stenoclea opened her cabinet, and taking out a paper, read to Miramillia the following lines:
"MY tongue has for some time been endeavouring in vain to tell you, oh my for ever loved Stenoclea! what now I force my pen to do. Oh! with what words shall I express what it is I mean? Can I live, and say that I no more must see you; no more must listen to the enchanting harmony of your heavenly voice; no more must hear you own a tenderness, which to be blessed with, there is not a saint but might forego his heaven, and stand excused for change of rapture? ”

“ Fig. 70.—Syngamus trachealis Sieb., natural size and magnified four diameters. The small ♂ is permanently attached to the female. (From Warburton. [183] )
III. Family Trichotrachelidae.
This family is characterised by the anterior end of the body being produced into a long whip-like neck. The mouth is small and devoid of papillae. The oesophagus is very long, and it traverses a peculiar strand of cells.
Genera: Trichocephalus, Trichina, Trichosoma, and others.
{145}
Trichocephalus dispar Rud. (hominis Gmel.) is common in man, and also occurs in some species of monkey. ”

“ My own estimate, calculated from specimens of muscle obtained from the same case, gave 100,000,000 as the approximate number of worms present. In the only outbreak of Trichinosis occurring in England, details of which will be given further on, I found that the flesh of the hog that had caused the local endemic contained upwards of 80,000 Trichinæ to the ounce. The consumption of a pound of such flesh would be capable of producing a collective progeny of something like 400,000,000 within the human “bearer.” ”

“ Restoration based on specimens from the Upper Cambrian (Tremadoc) of Shineton, Shropshire. B, Trinucleus bucklandi, Barr. Ordovician, Bohemia. A complete but not fully-grown individual showing eyes. Natural size. (After Barrande.) C, Ampyx rouaulti, Barr. × 3. Ordovician, Bohemia. (After Barrande.)
In Harpes and in some species of Trinucleus eyes are present, but have been stated to be of a different type. They are described as simple eyes, and have been compared with ocelli; they are never found in Trilobites which possess the compound eyes described above. ”

“ The early stages of most animals pass through such a stage, which is known as a “planula.” From such beginnings the evolution of the Turbellaria leads first through the Acoelous forms in which the central syncytium is partly differentiated into digestive, muscular and skeletotrophic tissue, then to the more specialized Rhabdocoela, and so through the Alloeocoela to the Triclads and finally to the Polyclads. ”

“ Trinkmann; but as you told me yourself, Mr. Trinkmann, you are firing Louis and he's going to quit you at three o'clock; and as it is now five minutes to three——"
"Who is going to quit me at three o'clock?" Trinkmann demanded.
"Louis is," Maikafer said.
"That's where you make a big mistake," Trinkmann cried. "Louis ain't going to quit me at all. Here, I'll show you."
He led the way into the restaurant.
"Come inside, Mr. Ringentaub," he said excitedly. "No one is going to harm you. Come right inside, and I'll show you suckers you are mistaken." ”

“ The head is composed of five segments (if the first thoracic segment is really the fused first and second) , is often flattened, and lacks compound eyes. Pleural lobes are well developed, but instead of being flattened as in the trilobite, they are turned down at the sides or even incurved. A labrum is present.
The antennules, antennæ, and mandibles are quite like those of trilobites. The antennules are very long and made up of numerous segments. The antennæ are biramous, the junction between the coxopodite and basipodite is well marked, and the endopodite consists of only two segments. ”

“ Species sub-orbicular, with radiated or divergent, prominent, and somewhat scaly ribs; inside pearly; margin crenellated.
2. Castalia. One species. This genus is found in fresh waters, and differs from the Trigonia in the number and position of the lamellar teeth. The substance of the shell is pearly.
Shell sub-trigonal, equivalve, inequilateral; umbones eroded, covered with epidermis, and inflected anteriorly; hinge with two lamellar teeth, transversely striated, one of them posterior, distant, and shortened, the other anterior, lengthened, and lateral; ligament exterior. ”

“ Family: Trypanosomatidae, Doflein.-Flagellates, in the great majority of instances haemal parasites, derived from a bi flagellate, Buda-like type, in which the posteriorly-directed (trailing) flagellum is always present and attached to the body by an undulating membrane, of which it constitutes the thickened edge. The other, the anterior flagellum, may or may not persist.
Genus Trypanoplasma, Lav. and Mesnil, 1902.—The anterior flagellum is present. Both flagella are inserted close together, near the anterior end of the body. Two sub-groups may be' distinguished. ”

“ No trace of a distinct enteron or gut is visible, but as the embryo grows the syncytium becomes differentiated into a more fluid central portion and a firmer peripteral zone. The former, together with the wandering phagocytes, corresponds functionally to the separate gut of other Rhabdocoelida. Pelagic larvae with a coat of long cilia have been identified by Uljanin as belonging to the Acoela.
The development of the Tricladida offers other peculiarities. From four to twenty or more ova are surrounded by several hundred amoeboid yolk-cells in each cocoon. Each egg-cell divides ”

“ Often it takes more than a single specimen to reconstruct for the scientist the whole of the creature, but relics of fully thirty Triceratops have been discovered in different parts of the world, and where one skull has a broken nose, another shows it intact, and so on through its entire anatomy. ”

“ There were also two daughters, whose reputation for perfect feminine beauty had never been contested. The elder had married a city man of wealth,—of wealth when he married her, but who had become enormously wealthy by the time of our story. He had when he married been simply Mister, but was now Sir Thomas Tringle, Baronet, and was senior partner in the great firm of Travers and Treason. Of Traverses and Treasons there were none left in these days, and Mr. Tringle was supposed to manipulate all the millions with which the great firm in Lombard Street was concerned. ”