“ I have not yet discovered, in spite of my recent familiarity with house-agents, the difference between a fixture and a fitting. It is possible that neither word has any virtue without the other, as is the case with “spick” and “span.” One has to be both; however dapper, one would never be described as a span gentleman. In the same way it may be that a curtain-rod or an electric light is never just a fixture or a fitting, but always “included in the fixtures and fittings.” Then there is a distinction, apparently, between a “landlord’s fixture” and a “tenant’s fixture,” which is rather subtle. ”
Fixture
Definition and stakes
A fixture, in manufacturing, is a device that holds workpieces to ensure accuracy, interchangeability, and efficiency in production. Authors have examined the term in various contexts: A.A. Milne humorously analyzed its difference from “fitting,” while L. Frank Baum underscored its practical function in retail display design.
Isabella Beeton described it legally as property attached to land or buildings. These viewpoints illustrate the concept’s versatility, ranging from technical machinery to domestic and legal domains, emphasizing its dual nature as both a useful tool and a symbol of permanence in human activities.
Quotes about “fixture”
“ For the whole idea of a fixture or fitting can only be that it is something about which there can be no individual taste. We furnish a house according to our own private fancy; the “fixtures” are the furnishings in regard to which we are prepared to accept the general fancy. The other man’s curtain-rod, though easily detachable and able to fit a hundred other windows, is a fixture ”
L. Frank Baum,
The art of decorating dry goods windows and interiors
(1900)
“ It is well to agitate the fixture question in every proper way with the employer, and to try to obtain those that are necessary; and it is well, also, to keep an eye on the lumber pile, for with saw and hammer one can rig up fixtures with which he can make a creditable display of any class of merchandise, and at the same time train himself to become a man of resources ”
L. Frank Baum,
The art of decorating dry goods windows and interiors
(1900)
“ Special display require special fixtures, and where the fixture cannot be entirely covered, a homemade erection would be out of place. When a need arises for a good fixture the expense should not be considered. ”
Lew Wallace,
Ben-Hur: A tale of the Christ
“ To every bench, as a fixture, there was a chain with heavy anklets. These the hortator proceeded to lock upon the oarsmen, going from number to number, leaving no choice but to obey, and, in event of disaster, no possibility of escape. ”
Isabella Beeton,
Mrs. Beeton's Book of Household Management
(1907)
“ What are fixtures.—That which is attached to the soil so as to become part of the freehold, or is affixed to an original building so as to be incorporated in it, is deemed to be "a fixture." Whether a building, etc., has been so attached to the soil is a question of fact. That it rests on the ground is not, in itself, sufficient ”
L. Frank Baum,
The art of decorating dry goods windows and interiors
(1900)
“ HOMEMADE FIXTURES. The decorator more frequently finds a lack of fixtures to be his stumbling block than any other detail of window trimming. Dearth of proper fixtures is more fruitful of complaint, contention and ill feeling between the trimmer and his employer than all other causes combined ”
Ellen Terry,
The Story of My Life: Recollections and Reflections
“ An attic, an oak bureau, a lovely face, a bed on the floor. Things have come and gone in my life since then, but they have been powerless to efface those early impressions. I adore pretty faces. I can't keep away from shops where they sell good old furniture like my bureau. I like plain rooms with low ceilings better than any other rooms; and for my afternoon siesta, which is one of my institutions, I often choose the floor in preference to bed or sofa. ”
Thomas Wright, A History of Domestic Manners and Sentiments in England During the Middle Ages
“ In the same romance (p. 16) , the guards of a castle go out, because it was a warm evening in summer, and have their supper laid out on a table in the field, where they remain long amusing themselves. In Fierabras (p. 68) , the barons take a hot bath after dinner. No. 66. A Faldestol.Of the articles of household furniture during the period of which we are now writing, we cannot give many examples. We have every reason to believe that they were anything but numerous. A board laid upon tressels formed the usual dining table, and an ordinary bench or form the seat. ”
Philip Alexander Bruce, Economic History of Virginia in the Seventeenth Century (1896)
“ I shall omit all reference to the clothing and live stock of the estate, confining the enumeration to the furniture, table ware, bed and table linen, and the utensils in the kitchen and dairy. The room designated as the “best” contained a feather-bed, with a bolster and a pair of pillows, curtains and valance, a blanket, and a worsted rug. ”
Alexander Wood Renton, 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica (1911)
“ Agricultural tenants are not entitled, at common law, to remove trade fixtures. But the Landlord and Tenant Act 1851 granted such a right of removal in the case of buildings or machinery erected by a tenant at his own expense, and with his landlord’s consent in writing, provided that the freehold was not injured or that any injury was made good, and that before removal a month’s written notice was given to the landlord, who had an option of purchase. ”
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, Sketches by Mark Twain (1879)
“ They are forever moving the furniture. When you come in, in the night, you can calculate on finding the bureau where the wardrobe was in the morning. And when you go out in the morning, if you leave the slop-bucket by the door and the rocking-chair by the window, when you come in at midnight, or thereabouts, you will fall over that rocking-chair, and you will proceed toward the window and sit down in that slop-tub. ”
Jean-Henri Fabre,
The Sacred Beetle, and Others
“ The ball by itself fills almost the whole room; the rich repast rises from floor to ceiling. A narrow passage runs between it and the walls. Here sit the banqueters, two at most, very often only one, belly to table, back to the wall. Once the seat is chosen, no one stirs; all the vital forces are absorbed by the digestive faculties. ”
Joseph Corry, Observations Upon the Windward Coast of Africa
“ The most compact cabinet work will give way, the seams of flooring open, and the planks even bend. Furniture of every sort is distorted; in short, nothing escapes their dreadful power. The nights at this period are cool and refreshing. ”
Laura Lee Hope, Bunny Brown and His Sister Sue on Grandpa's Farm (1916)
“ It was just like a little house of two rooms, one room being shut off from the other by heavy curtains. The first room they went into was where they would eat and cook, and, when the table was cleared off, they could sit around it and read, or play games. ”
Samuel Pepys, The Diary of Samuel Pepys — Complete
“ Lay pretty long in bed, and then up and among my workmen, the carpenters being this day laying of my floor of my dining room, with whom I staid a good while, and so to my office, and did a little business, and so home to dinner, and after dinner all the afternoon with my carpenters, making them lay all my boards but one in my dining room this day, which I am confident they would have made two good days work of if I had not been there, and it will be very pleasant. ”
G. R. Gleig, The subaltern (1872)
“ Never has any saloon, when brilliantly lighted up and filled with the splendour and elegance of a fashionable assembly, appeared half so attractive to my eyes as did our own humble apartment this evening, with its carpetless floor, its logs of wood arranged instead of chairs, and a few deals, or rather a piece of scaffolding, placed in the centre as a substitute for a table. ”
Richard Muther, The History of Modern Painting…
“ There is the great family bed with the flowered curtains, the massive immovable bench by the stove, the solid old table, around which young and old assemble at meal-times. There are the great cupboards for the treasures of the house, the prayer-book given to grandmother at her confirmation, the filigree ornaments, the glasses and coffee-cups, which are kept for show, not for daily use. ”
Frank L. Packard,
The Further Adventures of Jimmie Dale…
(1919)
“ The room, which had obviously served, apart from being a store-room, as kitchen, dining room, and, in fact, for everything save a bedroom, was in a state of chaos—chairs were upset, a table stood up-ended against the wall, aid broken crockery was strewn everywhere. ”
Fanny Kemble,
Journal of a Residence on a Georgian Plantation…
“ The young women who performed the offices of waiting and housemaids, and the lads who attended upon the service of their master's table where I lived, had neither table to feed at nor chair to sit down upon themselves; the 'boys' lay all night on the hearth by the kitchen fire, and the women upon the usual slave's bed—a frame of rough boards, strewed with a little moss off the trees, with the addition perhaps of a tattered and filthy blanket. ”
Robert Chambers, Spirit of Chambers's Journal (1834)
“ A large piece of plaster might fall down from the ceiling, or half of the floor of the dining-room sink into the kitchen—a whole gable or side-wall, almost, might fall away, but we would never think of troubling ourselves with any attempt at repairs. ”
Edward Lear,
Nonsense Songs, Stories, Botany…
(1872)
“ Said the Chair to the Table,"Now you know we are not able!"How foolishly you talk,"When you know we cannot walk!"Said the Table with a sigh,"It can do no harm to try;"I've as many legs as you,"Why can't we walk on two?" ”
Isabella Lucy Bird,
A Lady's Life in the Rocky Mountains
(1879-1880)
“ There is a door to each room, the oak chairs are bright with rubbing, and the floor, though unplaned, is so clean that one might eat off it. The table is clean and abundant, and the mother and daughters, though they do all the work, look as trim as if they did none, and actually laugh heartily. ”
Henry James, The Two Magics (1898)
“ Coming downstairs to meet my colleague in the hall, I remembered a pair of gloves that had required three stitches and that had received them—with a publicity perhaps not edifying—while I sat with the children at their tea, served on Sundays, by exception, in that cold, clean temple of mahogany and brass, the “grown-up” dining room. ”
George Thomas Clark, Mediæval Military Architecture in England…
“ In place of the old hall is an entrance lobby and a dining-room, which, with a breakfast-room and drawing-room, all of large size and excellent proportions, a back drawing-room, study, and some smaller apartments, form a suite, quite equal to the aspects and pretensions of the building. ”
Sir William Howard Russell,
My Diary: North and South (vol…
“ Sometimes there is a table in addition to the plain wooden chairs, more or less dilapidated, constituting the furniture—a hearth, in connection with a brick chimney outside the cottage, in which, hot as the day may be, some embers are sure to be found burning. ”
Francis Bacon,
The Harvard Classics Vol. 3
(1909)
“ The row of return on the banquet side, let it be all stately galleries: in which galleries let there be three, or five, fine cupolas in the length of it, placed at equal distance; and fine colored windows of several works. On the household side, chambers of presence [7] and ordinary entertainments, with some bed-chambers; and let all three sides be a double house, without thorough lights on the sides, that you may have rooms from the sun, both for forenoon and afternoon. Cast [8] it also, that you may have rooms both for summer and winter; shady for summer, and warm for winter. ”
Louis H. Gibson, Convenient Houses, With Fifty Plans for the Housekeeper
“ In a house where there is a reception-hall in front, and the sitting-room to one side, both having a distinct front view, as is shown in many of the plans, a lady may occupy the front room and have her children and work around her, if desirable. ”
Charles Bice, Journal of Residence in the New Hebrides…
“ To-morrow there is another house to be thatched, and those who are not crazed about fishing are off getting food. From the commencement to the finish, house building here is a matter of great importance. There are four kinds of houses, of which the ‘gamal’ is the chief. This is the men’s club, and the young men’s sleeping quarters. ”
Francis Bacon,
The Works of Francis Bacon
(1884)
“ I would have on the side of the banquet in front, one only goodly room above stairs of some forty foot high; and under it a room for a dressing or preparing place, at times of triumphs. On the other side, which is the household side, I wish it divided at the first into a hall and a chapel, (with a partition between,) both of good state and bigness; and those not to go all the length, but to have at the farther end a winter and a summer parlour, both fair; and under these rooms a fair and large cellar sunk underground; and likewise some privy kitchens, with butteries and pantries, and the like. ”
Roscoe R. Rau, Selling Home Furnishings: A Training Program
“ Paneling, because of the severely balanced distribution of wall spaces and the effect of dignity produced by long, straight lines, tends to give a room a quality of formality and dignity which is reflected in the style and distribution of the furniture and relieved by a free use of color and ornament in the other elements of the room. ”
G. P. R. James,
The Gipsy: A Tale (Vols I & II)
“ A table, covered with the various implements for writing, crossed the farther extremity of the apartment; and beyond it was an array of chairs for the magistrates, while at each end was a seat for the clerks; and a smaller table, also, under one of the south-east windows, was furnished with paper and pens for another secretary. The windows on that side were open, and the warm soft breath of the southerly wind was felt fanning the cheek, and breathing of nothing but peace, and gentleness, and tranquillity. ”
Mary Hazelton Blanchard Wade, Our Little Russian Cousin
“ When meal time comes, the family does not gather around the table, for as I told you, there are no seats that can be moved. They sit on the benches, and the table is therefore kept in the corner of the room. ”
Catharine Esther Beecher,
American Woman's Home: Or, Principles of Domestic Science…
“ To carry on our illustration, we will choose green, and we proceed with it to create furniture for our room. Let us imagine that on one side of the fireplace there be, as there is often, a recess about six feet long and three feet deep. ”
Henry Novra, Once a Week (1860)
“ In this position, a desire having been expressed to the following effect, “the carpet is examined, and the legs and under surface of the table are explored, but without result.” A good deal depends on the question, Who is the examiner? There are none so blind as those who won’t see; but, assuming the inspection to be bonâ fide, still it may be made perfectly clear to any one that “there is no trace of any connection between the floor and the table,” for the means of support is not thence derived. ”
Catherine Sinclair, Modern Flirtations: A Novel
“ A table near the bed had been overturned and broken,—a knife of very peculiar form, bent and distorted, lay conspicuously upon the pillow, as if placed there on purpose to attract notice, and the carpet, on which a pool of congealed blood had gathered, was likewise strewed with money, rings, bijouterie, trinkets, and plate. ”
Lucy Sprague Mitchell,
Here and Now Story Book
“ So the carpenter lifts his table out into the middle of his room and he puts a chair beside it. When he sits down he is smiling all over. For the table is just the right size and just the right height and it is strong and good to look at. ”
W. F. Dawson, Christmas: Its Origin and Associations
“ The hall is to be furnished with scaffolds to sit on, for Ladies to behold the sports, on each side. Which ended the ladyes are to be brought into the Library, unto the Banquet there; and a table is to be covered and furnished with all banquetting dishes, for the Lord Chancellor, in the Hall; where he is to call to him the Ancients of other Houses, as many as may be on the one side of the table. ”
Mary Owens Crowther, How to Write Letters (Formerly The Book of Letters…
“ Every living and dining room contains an open fireplace, and every apartment, no matter what its size, is connected with a central kitchen so that service may be had equivalent to that of any hotel and at any hour from seven in the morning until midnight. ”
Robert Barr,
An Extra Turn
(1909)
“ The room he occupied was large, finished in natural wood, furnished with all the luxury of a modern club, and, indeed, it looked like an apartment belonging to some association devoted to athletics, On the walls hung boxing gloves, foils, and numerous other accessories to the strenuous life. ”
B. B. Comegys,
Advice to young men and boys
(1889)
“ The arrangements for your lodging in the dormitories, the furniture and food of your tables, the well-equipped infirmary for the sick, are such as, in the judgment of the trustees, the great founder himself would approve if he could be consulted. ”
Edward Bellamy,
Looking Backward From 2000 to 1887…
(1888)
“ Every family in the ward has a room set apart in this great building for its permanent and exclusive use for a small annual rental. For transient guests and individuals there is accommodation on another floor. ”
Ernest Alfred Vizetelly, With Zola in England: A Story of Exile
“ You have your suite of rooms in one or another pavilion, you take your meals there in your own dining-room, and you can shut yourself off, as it were, from the greater part of the establishment and enjoy privacy and quiet. ”
Sir Edgar MacCulloch, Guernsey Folk Lore
“ It is said that by a hole not larger than the mouth of an oven, you gain access to a spacious hall, hollowed out of the rock, that in the middle of this hall is a stone table on which are dishes, plates, drinking cups, and everything necessary for a large feast, all in stone, and all used by the fairies, but no one has had the courage to penetrate inside and test the truth of this assertion. ”
