The concept of a "beast of burden" refers to an animal, usually domesticated, assigned to perform labor for human benefit, such as oxen or horses, but it also serves as a metaphor for individuals enduring hardship. Authors have long examined this theme, portraying it as both literal and symbolic. Hans Christian Andersen reflected on the suffering of such creatures, questioning their ability to feel pain and hope, while Leonid Andreyev described a man reduced to the "spirit of a rabbit and the shameless patience of a beast of burden," emphasizing existential resignation.
John Ruskin highlighted the moral dignity in human-animal labor relationships, and Buffon’s natural history vividly illustrated the physical toll on animals. The Rolling Stones’ 1978 song Beast of Burden reinterpreted the metaphor, presenting it as an homage to resilience and collective struggle, merging rock’s raw power with reflective lyricism. Across literature and music, the theme underscores perseverance, duty, and the burden of existence.