Motor system

“ The electric automobile is composed of four principal parts: The motor and the wheels (the muscular system and the skeleton) ; the cells of the battery containing stored electricity (brain-cells, nervous energy) ; the controller, which is connected with the cells by wiring (the receptors and the nerve-fibers) ; and an accelerator for increasing the electric discharge (thyroid gland?) . The machine is so constructed that it acts as a whole for the accomplishment of a single purpose. ”

“ A motor and controlling system designed to save and utilize the, power produced by a car running down an incline has been developed and is termed the "regenerative system." A car running over a line having heavy grades must have sufficient energy given to it to overcome its frictional resistance to motion and also to lift the weight of car and load from the bottom to top of each up-grade. ”

“ Direct-current Motors.—The motor consists of a fixed magnetic field system with a rotating armature, which carries the conductors through which the supply current is passed. The magnetic field, produced in the air-gap between the poles and the armature, reacts with the current-carrying conductors of the armature and produces the mechanical turning-moment or torque. ”

“ Any time and patience that he spends in this manner greatly increase his power, and they are not wasted on any particular car, since nine points out of ten are common to all types of motor-carriages which are worked upon a similar system. ”

“ The difficulty with the present car motor is, that the power necessary to round sharp curves must be so much greater at these curves than on a straight line, due to the width of gauge, and consequent grinding and wedging, as well as the large rolling friction, that the motor must be constructed heavy and powerful enough to answer the purpose in either case. ”

“ This supersedes the intermediate shafts of the present gear motors, whose friction and liability to breakdowns render high speed impossible. [43] The Bicycle cars running so much easier, permit the coupling of the armature directly with the driving-shaft without the necessity of intermediate gearing and all the evils connected with it. As the motor is in the car itself, it is entirely free from all the dust and dirt to which those now used are exposed, and every part is constantly in full view, and within easy reach of the engineer. ”

“ Accelerator pedal, use of the, 128, 324, 328 Accumulator Industries, Ltd.: type of plate employed in construction of batteries, 290, 291; system of electric cars, 298 Accumulators for electric cars, 289, 301 ”

“ See Tyres Postel-Vinay electric motor, the, 286 'Powerful' electromobile, the, 290, 300 Pumps for boilers of steam cars, 257
Quadrant motor cycle, the,
Races and trials, English and Continental, in motor vehicles, 402-408 Railway level crossings, dangers of, 335 Rain covers, mackintosh, for cars, 95 Reading system for steam cars, 246; engine for steam cars, 268 Reminiscences of motoring, 361; mechanical traction on roads long delayed by obstructionists, 362; the Hon. Evelyn Ellis's introduction of the Panhard car to England as a police test, 362, 363; Mr. ”

“ C. Harrington, Honorary Secretary of Automobile Club, 385 Mordey, Mr., experiments of, 286 Mors magneto system of ignition for petrol engines, 159 et seq. Mortlake, railway level crossing at, 336 'Motor-Car Journal,' the, 23, 398 'Motor-Car World,' the, 398 Motorcycles, 311; as an educational medium in connection with automobilism, 311; regulations concerning, 312; licences, 312; varieties of tricycles, 312; petrol bicycles, 313; gear, belt, and Holden systems of driving, 313; position of engine in bicycles, 313, 314, 315; various kinds of power transmission, 315, 316 ”

“ The Ford Ignition System It furnishes the electric spark which explodes the charge in the combustion chamber, thus producing the power which runs the engine. It is important that the charge be correctly ignited at the proper time, in order to obtain satisfactory results in running the car. In the Ford car the ignition system is as simple as it is possible for human invention to make it. ”

“ Assuming a vehicle with running gear complete and motors mounted and geared to the driving-wheels, the motors have to be fed with energy in order that the car may be propelled— that is to say, we must in addition to the motors have a source of electric current present. A car with body, running gear, and motors geared in position, is a potentiality only. ”

“ The motor mechanism is that which puts the whole in motion. It either generates its own motive power, like the steam-engine, the caloric engine, the electro-magnetic machine, etc., or it receives its impulse from some already existing natural force, like the water-wheel from a head of water, the windmill from wind, etc. ”

“ It is important that the car should not be run under its own power unless the water circulating system has been filled. Pour in the water until you are sure that both radiator and cylinder water jackets are full. The water will run out of the overflow pipe onto the ground when the entire water system has been properly filled. During the first few days that a new car is being driven it is a good plan to examine the radiator frequently and see that it is kept properly filled. ”

“ An electric vehicle may be regarded as consisting of a body, a running gear, with one or two motors mounted on it and arranged to operate the driving wheels of the vehicle through speed reduction gearing, of a battery of accumulators carried on the car itself, of connections between this battery and the motors, and of a controller, the functions of which will be explained. ”

“ In all the foregoing chapters we have been considering only the muscular engines of the human machine, counting them over and comparing their construction and their mechanism with those of the internal-combustion engine of a motor cycle. But of the levers or crank-pins through which muscular engines exert their power we have said nothing hitherto. Nor shall we get any help by now spending time on the levers of a motor cycle. We have already confessed that they are arranged in a way which is quite different from that which we find in the human machine. ”

“ The Ford Starting and Lighting System The starting and lighting system is of the two unit type and consists of the starting motor, generator, storage battery, ammeter, and lights, together with the necessary wiring and connections.
The starting motor is mounted on the left-hand side of the engine and bolted to the transmission cover. When in operation the pinion on the Bendix drive shaft engages with the teeth on the flywheel.
If the starting motor is turning the crank shaft over and the engine fails to start, the trouble is not in the starting system. ”

“ The cooling apparatus of the Ford car is known as the Thermo-syphon system. It acts on the principle that hot water seeks a higher level than cold water—consequently when the water reaches a certain heat, approximately 180 degrees Fahrenheit, circulation commences and the water flows from the lower radiator outlet pipe up through the water jackets, into the upper radiator water tank, and down through the tubes to the lower tank, to repeat the process.
(1) Carbonized cylinders; (2) too much driving on low speed; (3) spark retarded too far; (4) poor ignition; (5) not enough or poor grade oil ”

“ The introduction of a battery current into the magneto will discharge the magnets and whenever working on the ignition system or wiring do not fail to disconnect the positive wire from the battery. The end of this wire should be wound with tape to prevent its coming in contact with the terminal again.
The ammeter is located on the instrument board. This indicator registers "charge" when the generator is charging the battery and "discharge" when the lights are burning and the engine not running above 10 miles per hour. ”

“ No trouble can result from the filling of a heated radiator with cold water—providing the water system is not entirely empty—in which case the motor should be allowed to cool before the cold water is introduced. ”

“ No. The carburetor does not ordinarily require priming when the motor is warm, and starting with the rod pulled out is apt to "flood" the engine with an over-rich mixture of gas, which does not readily explode. This naturally causes difficulty in starting. If you should accidentally flood the engine, turn the carburetor adjusting needle down (to the right) until it seats; then turn the engine over a few times in order to exhaust the rich gas. As soon as the motor starts, turn back the needle (to the left) and readjust the carburetor.
[24]
Wiring of Ford Ignition System. ”

“ There is not one jarring note—until the 'honk, honk' of a motor is followed by the breathless, panting whirr of the engine, and a big car flashes down the road and past, travelling at the topmost of its top speed. ”

“ The motor is the great dominating factor in the world of industry. Every wheel and spindle; every shaft and loom, and every piece of mechanism which has motion, derives it from some sort of motor.
The term motor has a wider significance than any other word. A steam engine is a motor, and so, also, is a dynamo, a water wheel or a wind mill. ”

“ Luckily the fly-wheel of the engine struck on a mound and stopped the car with the two front wheels over the edge of the cliff. Make it therefore a golden rule: never leave your car, whether the engine is running or not, without first putting the speed lever in the out-of-gear position and also putting the side brakes on. ”

“ But while each motor center is thus connected by motor or efferent fibers with the muscles, recent work by Sherrington and Mott and by other observers has shown that it is also connected by sensory or afferent fibers with the muscles, the skin overlying them, the joints in their neighborhood, and the bones which they move. The 'motor area,' in fact, is not purely motor, but has sensory functions as well. ”

“ They can do everything the big motors can do, and if used with the rheostats, reversers and other apparatus in the outfits, the student will have a whole motor laboratory.
Why not get a motor that has brains and that can do tricks and experiments? Any good motor will go when you turn on the power ”

“ To say that motor-habits, with which when they are established consciousness may have little to do, can be registered in a flexible motor instrument and acted over and over again, is reasonable enough ”

“ What mechanical factors are embodied in a typewriter? Find the pulley, the levers, the springs, etc.
15. What are the differences in a hectograph, a mimeograph and multigraph?
[209]
PART X
Motors, Fuels, and Gas Plants
CHAPTER XXXVII Treadles and Water Motors
262. Definition of Motor. A motor is a device for utilizing the power stored in gasoline, electricity or elevated water for doing work. The structure of the motor depends upon the source of its power, as does its name. Besides the motor, there is a treadle, or foot-power motor, used in the home. ”

“ As a matter of fact the whole power of the engine is never available for the work of turning the wheels of the car, a certain portion of it always being absorbed in the work of driving the gear; indeed, it is not too much to say that in some instances—as has indeed been proved by actual tests—fully one half of the power developed by the engine is thus lost between the motor and the wheels. ”

“ By the same device the motor can run at reduced speed, although with a considerable loss of energy in the rheostat; it is indeed, as a rule, difficult to get effective speed variation in motors of any kind without serious loss of energy. ”

“ But although the muscles of man are of insufficient strength to bear him in the air, it has been found possible, by using a motor engine, to give to man the power of flight which his natural weakness denied him. ”

“ With its four-change speed-gear a motor cycle seems better adapted for easy and economical travelling than the human machine. If, however, the human machine has no change of gear, it has one very marvellous mechanism—which we may call a compensatory mechanism, for want of a short, easy name. The more we walk, the more we go hill-climbing, the more powerful do the muscular engines of the heel become. It is quite different with the engine of a motor cycle ”

“ It must be remembered that the engine has to drive the car and not the car the engine, which if caused to rotate at a much greater speed than that for which it was constructed may result in a serious breakage. Therefore do not let the clutch in until the speed of the car is sufficiently reduced to give the engine some work to do when the pedal is lifted up. ”

“ It is the universal motor adapted in the most exquisite manner to every form and state of the lungs, which communicate their general motion to every part of the body, and set every wheel in its infinitely complex organism revolving upon its axis, and give to every muscle and nerve the power to expand and contract and vibrate in the performance of its use, and in this way to fill every organ in the whole universe of the body with the power of sensation. ”

“ Next to the engine itself the construction of the transmission gear is the most important thing about an autocar; for as this portion of the machine is the medium through which the power is conveyed from the engine to the wheels, it does not require an intimate knowledge of mechanics to perceive that bad design and undue friction here may make a very material difference in the running and speed of the car. ”

“ By connecting any one member of a gear of this character with the engine shafting, and another with the wheels, and locking the third to the frame of the car, a great variety of adaptations can be made to meet special needs, this arrangement having the advantage of neatness and compactness, and having all the gear wheels in constant engagement with each other all the time. ”