Panacea

Definition and stakes

Portrait of Edward L. Thorndike Edward L. Thorndike,  Animal intelligence: Experimental studies (1911)

“ If by the pain we must mean the pain as felt by some one, then by the sun we can mean only the sun as seen by some one. Pain and sun are equally subjects for a science of ‘consciousness as such.’ But if by the sun is meant the sun of common sense, physics and astronomy, the sun as known by any one, then by the pain we can mean the pain of medicine, economics and sociology, the pain as known by any one, and by the sufferer long after he was or had it. ”
Source: Gutenberg

Portrait of Émile Zola Émile Zola,  The Three Cities Trilogy: Lourdes…

“ Under the dazzling sky, past the mountains of gold and purple, amidst the centenarian trees, symbolical of health, the running waters whose freshness was eternal, that cortege still and ever marched on with its sufferers, whom nature, if not God, had condemned, those who were afflicted with skin diseases, those whose flesh was eaten away, those who were dropsical and inflated like wine-skins, and those whom rheumatism and paralysis had twisted into postures of agony. ”
Source: Gutenberg

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