Protestation

Definition and stakes

Portrait of David Hume David Hume,  The History of England in Three Volumes…

“ Orders were given by the commons alone, without other authority that it should be subscribed by the whole nation. The protestation was in itself very inoffensive, even insignificant; and contained nothing but general declarations, that the subscribers would defend their religion and liberties. [*] But it tended to increase the popular panic, and intimated, what was more expressly declared in the preamble, that these blessings were now exposed to the utmost peril.
Alarms were every day given of new conspiracies.
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Source: Gutenberg

Portrait of Alexandre Dumas Alexandre Dumas,  Mary Stuart

“ For I am a free princess and born a queen, obedient to no one, save to God, to whom alone I must give an account of my actions. This is why I protest yet again that my appearance before you be not prejudicial either to me, or to the kings, princes and potentates, my allies, nor to my son, and I require that my protest be registered, and I demand the record of it.”
Then the chancellor, who was one of the commissioners, replied in his turn, and protested against the protestation
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Source: Gutenberg

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