Chelicera

“ The appendages are the six pairs common to all Arachnids—chelicerae, pedipalpi, and four pairs of legs. The chelicerae, which are enormously developed, are two-jointed and chelate, the distal joint being articulated beneath the produced basal joint. In the male there is nearly always present, on the basal joint, a remarkable structure of modified hairs called the “flagellum,” and believed to be sensory. It differs in the different genera, and is only absent in the Eremobatinae (see p. 429) . The pedipalpi are strong, six-jointed, leg-like appendages, without terminal claw. ”

“ The abdomen is usually more or less globular. The chelicerae are small and weak, and the paturon is transversely (not obliquely) truncated for the reception of the small unguis or fang. The somewhat long thin legs are almost or entirely destitute of spines.
We may consider certain genera as typical of the various groups into which this sub-family naturally falls. Theridion is the richest genus of the entire order, numbering some 320 species, of which seventeen inhabit the British Isles. ”

“ See plates 9–11, 13
1 Chelicera. × 3 2 Anterior portion of a female opercular appendage, showing the two tubular lateral appendages, the test of the operculum being broken away. × 2
Eurypterus lacustris var. pachychirus Hall
Page 179
See plate 19, figure 1
3 Hall's original in Palaeontology of N. Y., v. 3, pl. 82, fig. 1. The abdomen is somewhat distended and the sculpturing well shown. The figures are from photographs. ”

“ See plates 69, 70
1 Complete fixed pincer or chela of chelicera. Natural size 2 Fragment of fixed pincer showing the teeth. Natural size 3 Part of ventral marginal shield and epistoma. × 2 4 Tergite. Natural size
Horizon and locality. Bertie waterlime. Cranes Corners, Herkimer co., N. Y. 5 Serrations of tooth of chela. × 3
Horizon and locality. Bertie waterlime. Jerusalem hill, Herkimer co., N. Y. 6 Ventral view. Hall's type of P. osborni. Shows the walking legs and metastoma. Natural size
Horizon and locality. Bertie waterlime. Waterville, Oneida co., N. Y. 7 Coxal joint of swimming leg. ”

“ But aside from this observation, the fact that the attachment of the chelicerae, in Slimonia, Eurypterus and Hughmilleria, has since been fully established to be directly in front of the mouth as in Limulus, leaves little doubt that the large pincers of Pterygotus, if they are at all homologous to the minute chelicerae of those three genera, must have had the same place of insertion, viz, at the posterior end of the epistoma. We may add that the homology of the large pincers of Pterygotus with the chelicerae of Limulus, Eurypterus etc. ”

“ As other specimens show that the endognathites did not possess such clawlike segments at their extremities, it is probable that Sarle's interpretation of the specimen is not correct. An inspection of the original shows that the supposed terminal segment on the middle line of the figure is one of the chelicerae, but the two others on the right hand side are oval prominences with a median sulcus but without separation of the test. We surmise, therefore, that they are the upper views of the first segments of endognathites which are displaced. ”

“ The genus thus defined is characterized by an elongate, slender body, widest in the middle of the preabdomen and distinctly differentiated into preabdominal and postabdominal regions. The carapace is subquadrate to subrectangular in outline, with rounded anterior angles, relatively small, one fifth to one seventh the total length of the body. The compound eyes are reniform, without distinct facets; situated on the dorsal side of carapace. The ocelli are situated between the compound eyes. The chelicerae are small, not extended beyond the edge of the carapace. ”

“ There are two main lateral trunks extending nearly the whole length of the body, and giving off numerous ramifications, the most important of which are in the cephalothorax, and supply the muscles of the chelicerae and of the other appendages.
The generative glands do not essentially differ from the usual Arachnid type, though the paired ovaries do not fuse to form a ring. There are no external organs, and the sexes can only be distinguished by secondary characteristics, such as the “flagellum” already mentioned. ”

“ Height of clypeus equal to one sixth of the diameter of AME. Clypeus decorated with a rich coat of long white lanceolate hair which shows some iridescence, two long white bristles beneath each AME, and three long upturned yellowish bristles in lower angle between AME.
Chelicerae. Fairly robust, vertical, parallel; well rounded in front where there are many short white loose scales ”

“ Sometimes the male chelicerae are highly characteristic.
Phalangids are usually destitute of spinning organs, but such have been discovered, in a rudimentary state, in the Cyphophthalmi, which are said to spin slight webs.
Internal Structure.—In Phalangium the mouth leads upwards into a membranous pharynx, wider than that of Spiders, but narrowing into an oesophagus which passes between the cerebral and thoracic ganglionic nerve-masses. It then turns backwards over the thoracic ganglion, being slightly dilated at 445that point. ”

“ Only Chellalu appeared perfectly unconcerned. She had business of her own on hand, and the story, it seemed, had not touched her. The babies are searched before they come to school, and all toys, bits of string, old tins, and sundries are removed from their persons. But there are ways of evading inquisitors. Chellalu knows these ways. She now produced a long wisp of red tape from somewhere—she did not tell us where—and proceeded to tie her feet together. This accomplished, she curled herself up on the bench like a caterpillar on a leaf, and to all appearances went to sleep. ”

“ In both sexes of this remarkable genus he says, “the nippers, or chelipeds, are singularly unequal in size, and in all the species but one there is present on the inner surface of the ‘hand’ of the larger cheliped a transverse row of five teeth, which, when the cheliped is flexed, can be made to play against a ridge or another row of teeth on its ‘arm’ ... much as a man might rub one side of his chest with the palm of the corresponding hand. ”

“ The spicule skeleton, on which the classification is based, includes monaxonic megascleres that usually include a special type of tylostyle, a mycalostyle, that builds the axes of the body and of the appendages, and a large variety of microscleres, generally chelae and derivatives, to which may be added sigmas, sigmancistras, microstyles and forceps. Interestingly, the chelae microscleres have no known function in other poecilosclerids, but in carnivorous species seem to be used to trap the prey, by lining the surface of body and appendages with the larger hook outwardly directed. ”

“ With such views, on the 5th of April I left Chelicut, accompanied by Mr. Pearce, Mr. Coffin, Ayto Debib, and a young chief named Chelika Negusta, holding a district in the part of the country through which our road lay, and whom the Ras had appointed to attend us with an escort. I had a short time before been made acquainted with some circumstances relating to the life of this young man, which are so characteristic of the manners of the country, that I shall here mention them by way of introducing him to the knowledge of the reader. ”

“ Chelidonium is derived from the Greek word chelidon, a swallow, from an old belief that the plant came into flower on the arrival of those birds, and withered when they took their departure; hence in old writings we frequently find the Celandine termed swallow-wort. The plant will commonly be found in waste places, and more especially near human habitations. It{27} attains to a height of about two feet, and flowers throughout May, June, July, and August. Consult S. B. 95; E. B. 67; M. B. 263; S. C. 86, for drawings of the natural growth of the celandine.
The Cinquefoil (Potentilla reptans) . ”

“ But Chellalu wastes no sympathy upon herself. She is accustomed to be believed; and perfectly happy in her mind, casts a keen glance round, for who knows what new delights may be somewhere within reach! "Ah!"—the deep-breathed sigh of content—is always a danger signal where this innocent child is concerned. ”

“ In the beaked Chelmon the body is greenish and iridescent; the fins are green, with reflection of azure; a black spot, surrounded by a pearl-white circle, is seen on the dorsal fin, in length about one-third that of the soft rays; five vertical stripes of azure-color, and bordered with a nacreous white line, adorn the body; one of these stripes crosses the eye obliquely; a second one, bisecting the nape of the neck, extends to the ventral fins; the next two mark the flanks, and the posterior stripe bisects the root of the caudal fin. ”

“ Bruguibre, in his "Journal d'Histoire Naturel de Paris," has given it the name of matamata, which is generally accepted by modern zoölogists. The only species from which the genus Chelys has been formed lives in the Guianas ”

“ Off Cumberland Islands, 27 fathoms, fine grey mud.
Of a light grey colour: grows in large loose tufts, composed of long forked ascending branches. It is a very peculiar species, and some difficulty has been found in finding it a place. In the opening of the mouth, and the external short spine, it is a Cellaria; and in the colour and want of distinct articulation, it approaches Acamarchis; whilst in the form of the cell, and their mode of mutual connection, it is a Bicellaria: it differs from all other species of that genus, however, in the absence of any long spines, and in general habit. ”

“ When Chilperic heard of this, although he already had several wives, he sought the hand of Galeswintha, sister of Brunhilda, promising that he would leave his other wives, if he should be given a wife of royal rank. Athanagild, believing the promise of Chilperic, sent him his daughter Galeswintha with rich gifts, as he had already sent Brunhilda. And when she came to king Chilperic, he received her with great honor and was married to her; and he loved her greatly, for she brought rich treasures with her. ”

“ The long-beaked Chelmon's body is yellow. Instead of the stripe crossing the eye, seen in the other species, we find on the anterior portion of the body a broad, blackish spot, triangular in shape, and terminating in a point on the snout. This spot is bordered by a nacreous white stripe; the forehead is of azure tint, with a shade of sea-green; the eye is of a pure rose-color; a narrow stripe of black adorns the margin of the fins, which themselves are of mauve-color ”

“ Nature has been comparatively lavish in the matter of Cherries, for she has bestowed three species upon the British Islands. For the cultivated Cherry it is said that we ought to thank the Romans, as for many other good things in the way of food. ”

“ It is one of the first of the Sweet Cherries, is large and, as the color-plate shows, is a beautiful yellowish-white tinted with shades of crimson, with conspicuous russet dots—a beautiful fruit. The flesh separates readily from the skin, is tender, juicy, with an abundance of colorless juice and a flavor that has given it the reputation, wherever grown in America, of being one of the best in quality. It would be hard to name another cherry better suited for small plantations and it is to be hoped that it will long be kept in the gardens of connoisseurs of good fruit. ”

“ Family I. Chelydridae.-The plastron is rather narrow, and cross shaped; the bridge is very narrow and is covered by a pair of shields, the displaced abdominal, which are separated from the marginals by a few infra marginals. The limbs, neck and head are so stout that they cannot completely be withdrawn into the shell. The tail is very lon . Only two genera with three species, confined to America. Chelydra serpentine, the “snapping turtle, ” ranging from the Canadian lakes through the United States east of the Rockies ”

“ Montmorency is not a dessert cherry but for those who like Sour Cherries it may be eaten out of hand with relish when it is fully matured. Some maintain that the variety falls short in the size of the tree, which is seldom more than medium, but the head is spreading and much-branched and the fruit is borne in clusters thickly scattered throughout the whole head so that the total yield from a tree is greater than would be thought from its size. ”

“ Comparatively rarely do we find all the organs present; but when two flowers are united together we find every possible variety between the number of parts naturally belonging to the two flowers and that belonging to a single one. Sometimes instances are met with wherein the calyx does not present the normal number of parts, while the other parts of the flower are in excess. I have seen in a Calceolaria a single calyx, with the ordinary number of sepals, enclosing two corollas, adherent simply by their upper lips, and containing stamens and pistils in the usual way. ”

“ Petiole almost as long as the blade ; stipules linear ; reflexed (falcate) . Peduncles as long as the petioles. Trimen says that the flowers in Ceylon are yellowish, becoming pink when withering. Flowers large, orange coloured, with a darker centre, ultimately reflexed. Sepals ovate, acuminate ; petals obcordate. Carpels 20 or more, truncate or rounded, hairy ; rather longer than the Calyx, not awned.
Use : — In his Flora of the Upper Gangetic plain (p. 83) , Duthie writes that the roots, leaves and seeds are medicinal. The fresh plant has often a strong and unpleasant smell. ”

“ I CELIA Cherry, cherry, glowing on the hearth, bright red cherry.... When you try to pick up cherry Celia's shriek sticks in you like a pin.
: :
When God throws hailstones you cuddle in Celia's shawl and press your feet on her belly high up like a stool. When Celia makes umbrella of her hand. Rain falls through big pink spokes of her fingers. When wind blows Celia's gown up off her legs she runs under pillars of the bank— great round pillars of the bank have on white stockings too. ”