Machine translation

“ Language enabled products will become an essential and integral part of everyday life."
MACHINE TRANSLATION = [Quote]
Tim McKenna is an author who thinks and writes about the complexity of truth in a world of flux. He wrote in October 2000: "When software gets good enough for people to chat or talk on the web in real time in different languages, then we will see a whole new world appear before us. Scientists, political activists, businesses and many more groups will be able to communicate immediately without having to go through mediators or translators." ”

“ When the object machine does have an operating system or executive program, the hardware/operating system combination will be interpreted as defining an abstract machine which acts as the object machine for the translator.
A language definition cannot dictate the architecture of existing object machines, whether defined entirely in hardware or in a hardware/software combination. It can provide a source language representation of all the needed capabilities and attempt to choose these so they have an obvious and efficient translation in the object machines. ”

“ Pierre Isabelle and Patrick Andries, two scientists from the RALI Laboratory (Laboratory for Applied Research in Computational Linguistics - Laboratoire de Recherche Appliquée en Linguistique Informatique) in Montreal, Quebec, explain the reasons for this failure in "La Traduction Automatique, 50 Ans Après" (Machine Translation, 50 Years Later) , an article published in 1998 by Multimédium, a French-language online magazine: "The ultimate goal of building a machine capable of competing with a human translator remains elusive due to slow progress in research. (...) ”

“ To the extent that it does not interfere with other requirements, the language shall facilitate the production of translators that are easy to implement and are efficient during translation. There shall be no language restrictions that are not enforceable by translators.
1G. Machine Independence. The design of the language should strive for machine independence. It shall not dictate the characteristics of object machines or operating systems except to the extent that such characteristics are implied by the semantics of control structures and built-in operations. ”

“ Its ASR, TTS and DSC technologies were licensed to companies in telecommunications, computers and multimedia, consumer electronics and automotive electronics. Its TTT translation services were provided to IT companies, and vertical and automation markets. The Machine Translation Group created by Lernout & Hauspie included L&H Language Technology, AppTek, AILogic, NeocorTech, and Globalink. Lernout & Hauspie was later bought by Nuance Communications. ”

“ Translators shall fail to compile correct programs only when the program exceeds the resources or capabilities of the intended object machine or when the program requires more resources during the translation than are unavailable on the host machine. Translators shall report an error when a program requires memory, devices, or special hardware that are unavailable in the object machine. ”

“ A new language or dialect, or at least an incompatible compiler, is often generated for each project and it is impossible to sustain the creation of a truly powerful production environment.
Facilities are often locked into one particular computer because of the great expense of transferring software to the new machine. There are several proposals and on-going work in the DoD concerning the facilities for the translation of software, just in a commercial-like environment. ”

“ The translator will not impose run-time costs for unused generalities.
Translator will evaluate constant expressions at compile time.
Translator (s) must be able to produce code for a variety of object machines. (Language features will be machine independent) .
Prevention of race conditions and deadlocks on shared data will be guaranteed.
II.B COMPILE-TIME CHECKS The types of all variables, expressions, and parameters will be checked for compatability at translation/binding time. ”

“ There shall be a machine independent interface to other programming languages including assembly languages. Any program element that is referenced in both the source language program and foreign code must be identified in the interface. The source language of the foreign code must also be identified.
11F. Optimization. Programs may advise translators on the optimization criteria to be used in a scope. It shall be possible in programs to specify whether minimum translation costs or minimum execution costs are more important, and whether execution time or memory space is to be given preference. ”

“ There will be at least one implementation of the translator in its own language which does all parsing and compile-time checking and procedures an output suitable for easy translation to specific object machines. If the language is well-defined and uniform in structure, a self-description will contribute to understanding of the language. ”

“ One of the very earliest pursuits in computer science, MT has proved to be an elusive goal, but today a number of systems are available which produce output which, if not perfect, is of sufficient quality to be useful for certain specific applications, usually in the domain of technical documentation. In addition, translation software packages which are designed primarily to assist the human translator in the production of translations are enjoying increasing popularity within professional translation organizations. ”

“ At this time there is little work in progress on the necessity or appropriateness of specialized hardware for natural language processing. Accepting the close relationship between human-grade natural language proficiency and general intelligence level, and the improbability of near-term attainment of humangrade general intelligence in machines, it is appropriate to focus instead on achieving usable natural language interfaces at a lower level of machine performance. ”

“ However, if no text containing the required word is found, the program acts as a search engine, sending the user to other web sources containing this word. In the case of certain words, you can even hear the pronunciation. If there is no translation currently available, the system calls on the public to contribute. Everyone can make suggestions, after which Logos translators check the suggested translations they receive. ”

“ Prior to this date, Google used a Systran based translator like Babel Fish in Yahoo! As an automatic translation tool, Google Translate can help the reader understand the general content of a foreign language text, but doesn’t deliver accurate translations. In 2009, the text could be read by a speech program, with new languages added over the months. Released in June 2009, Google Translator Toolkit is a web service allowing (human) translators to edit the translations automatically generated by Google Translate. ”

“ Thousands of years ago, in Egypt, China and elsewhere, people were more concerned about communicating their laws and thoughts not in just one language, but in several. In our modern world, most nation states have each adopted one language for their own use. I predict greater use of different languages and multilingual pages on the Internet, not a simple gravitation to American English, and also more creative use of multilingual computer translation. ”

“ When the communication environment is such that each linguistic transaction cannot have an immediate conclusion or effect in the object domain, then it is essential that the domain model be used to determine if a particular makes sense. Otherwise the machine will make any inferences about the information it and the dialogue may become a monologue the human. The efficiency will deteriorate, particularly will be accepting information later when it is handled in Individual user models. language is to accommodate of the transfer for naive users. ”

“ This follows from having an operational environment which includes many small machines which are unable to support the design, documentation, test, and debugging aids necessary for the development of timely, reliable or efficient software. It also follows from the need to avoid penalizing large machine users for the restrictions of small machines when a common language is used. It is desirable that the translator be able to run on a variety of machines, but this should not be used as an excuse to eliminate needed source language capabilities. ”

“ The fact that the language of the machine is a new language, and a strangely subtle one, does not prove that it is not a language, that its symbolism is not good, and that there is not poetry in machinery.
The inventor need not be troubled because in making his machine it does not seem to express. ”

“ No one in our sphere of studies would call himself a scholar who has not edited a text never edited before, or at least translated a text that never was translated before. There are some critics who think they have done their duty if they can discover a few flaws in a translation, though they cannot even appreciate the labours and the brilliant though silent discoveries of a first translator. The work that has to be done by a first translator of an ancient text is often the work of a real decipherer. ”

“ There is even less of a need to maintain between the human being and the machine a mediating literacy that is awkward, inefficient, stamped by ambiguity, and burdened by various uses (religious, political, ideological, etc.) . The new languages, whether interfaces between machines or between humans and machines, are of limited scope and duration. In the dynamics of work, these new languages are appropriately adapted to each other. Our entire activity becomes faster, more precise, more segmented, more distributed, more complex. ”

“ Among the new products in the $10 billion language translation business are instant translators for websites, chat rooms, email and corporate intranets. The leading translation firms are mobilizing to seize the opportunities. ”

“ From the beginning, the main language of the Internet has been English, and it still is today, but the use of other languages is steadily increasing. Sooner or later, the distribution of languages on the Internet will correspond to the language distribution on the planet, and free translation software in all languages will be available for an instantaneous translation of any website. But there is still a lot to do before multilingualism can be really effective. ”

“ It is clear that, for this intellectual gymnastic, the language must be read directly. By so much as one falls short of this, he cannot derive advantage from the reading. In the first exercises of translation, whether we pass from the phrase to the word by the way of reason, or from the word to the phrase by the way of routine, we can neither take in the full import of the text, nor enter into the spirit of the author. We should seek the promptest means to free ourselves from oral translation, which is best done by means of the translation on the opposite page. ”

“ I resolved to go a step further and build a typewriter that would translate my dictation automatically into several different languages. I dictated in English and the machine, at my dictation typewrote copies in English, French, German and whatever other language I desired."
"But," objected Pep, "that is impossible! You can't make a machine think! You can't translate without thinking and no steel springs or electric currents can ever be made to think!" ”

“ Launched in January 1999 by the European Commission, the website HLTCentral (HLT: Human Language Technologies) gave a short definition of language engineering: "Through language engineering we can find ways of living comfortably with technology. Our knowledge of language can be used to develop systems that recognize speech and writing, understand text well enough to select information, translate between different languages, and generate speech as well as the printed world. By applying such technologies we have the ability to extend the current limits of our use of language. ”

“ Popularization of information technology
Computer technology has traditionally been the sole domain of a 'techie' elite, fluent in both complex programming languages and in English — the universal language of science and technology. Computers were never designed to handle writing systems that couldn't be translated into ASCII. There wasn't much room for anything other than the 26 letters of the English alphabet in a coding system that originally couldn't even recognize acute accents and umlauts — not to mention nonalphabetic systems like Chinese. ”

“ With the advent of digital technology, a language of two letters-zero and one-and the grammar of Boolean logic, we have stepped into a new age of language, no longer the exclusive domain of the human being. Such a language introduces new levels of mediation, which allow for the use of machines by means of sentences, i.e., sequences of encoded commands triggered by a text written in a language other than natural language. ”

“ The internet can serve, first of all, as a repository of useful information on minority languages that might otherwise vanish without leaving a trace. Beyond that, I believe that it provides an incentive for people to learn languages associated with the cultures about which they are attempting to gather information. One soon realizes that the language of a people is an essential and inextricable part of its culture. (...)
From this standpoint, I have much less faith in mechanized tools of language translation, which render words and phrases but do a poor job of conveying the soul of a people. ”