Nasal bone

“ The cavities of the nose may be partly closed by polpi (tumors) on the upper and middle turbinate bone, a spur on the (septum) partition, deviation of the partition or enlarged turbinate bones, or adenoids in the upper part of the pharynx. These troubles almost close up the nose sometimes and the person is compelled to breathe through his mouth. He not only looks foolish, talks thick, but is laying up for himself future trouble. By correcting the trouble in the nose and removing the adenoids in the upper part of the pharynx the patient can breathe through the nasal passages. ”

“ Looked at in profile, the nasal bones we find to be remarkably short, the face being hollowed out, as it were, between the upper nasal cartilage and the very long and narrow maxillary and pre-maxillary bones; great vertical depth from the top of the nasal to the bottom of the maxillary bones; a very prominent bovine orbit, above and a little behind which the short tapering horns of a gazelle type are placed. The lower nasal cartilage is prolonged on to the fibrous cord of the nares, and the profile view of the animal in life is that of a grotesquely Roman-nosed antelope with swollen nostrils. ”

“ When arrest of development of the face takes place stigmata of the nasal bones always result. Under such conditions narrowing or arrest of development of the entire nasal cavity ensues.
Deformities of the nasal septum, deflection, hypertrophy and atrophy of the turbinate bones, deformities of the maxillary sinus, hypertrophy of the mucous membrane and polypi are common. Deflection of the external nose is a very common stigma of degeneracy. ”

“ A frontal flap is taken from the forehead and sutured to the freshened raw margins of the lateral flaps.
The bone plates are fastened to each side of the frontal flap by suture.
The nasal base is preferably made of the tissue remaining of the old nose, as depicted, to prevent closure of the nostrils, the only difficulty being to keep the poorly nourished tissue from dying. When used the raw surface is brought in contact with that of the frontal flap. ”

“ The sphenoidal sinus near F opens into the upper meatus. The frontal, Z, and maxillary sinuses open into the middle meatus, and the nasal duct opens into the inferior sinus beneath the anterior inferior angle of the lower spongy bone, W.
In the living body the very vascular fleshy and glandular Schneiderian membrane which lines all parts of the nasal fossa almost completely fills this cavity. When polypi or other growths occupy the nasal fossae, they must gain room at the expense of neighbouring parts. ”

“ They did not affect the orbital or nasal cavities, nor did they project into the mouth or affect the nasal ducts or the cartilages of the nose. They were attached to the nasal bones, the nasal process of the superior maxilla, and to the superior maxilla itself. They were smooth, but on the left side the tumor rose to a central ridge. The skin over the swellings was quite normal and was freely movable. In order to see clearly, the patient often had to bend his head somewhat. ”

“ The cranial nerves may be pressed upon at the base, especially at their points of exit, and this gives rise to symptoms of irritation or paralysis in the area of distribution of the nerves affected.
_In the septum of the nose, the nasal bones, and the hard palate_, gummatous disease causes ulceration, which, beginning in the mucous membrane, spreads to the bones, and being complicated with septic infection leads to caries and necrosis. ”

“ Again, as showing that our knowledge of the tactile field is precise, there is the well-known fact that when a piece of skin is transplanted from the forehead to the nose, in the operation for removing a deformity of the nose arising from lupus or other ulcerative disease, the patient feels the new nasal part as if it were his forehead, and he may have the curious sensation of a nasal instead of a frontal headache. ”

“ A constant supply of the purest air obtainable must be furnished to the lungs; otherwise the blood becomes so laden with poison that health, in its best and truest sense, is impossible.
The air should be inhaled through the nose. It does not matter much how it is exhaled. The nose is so constructed that it fits the air for the lungs. The inspired air is often too dry, dusty and cold. The normal nose remedies all these defects. The mucous membrane in the nasal passages contains cilia, which catch the dust. ”

“ It cannot be expected to cease till dead parts have separated, become loose, and fall out, or are removed by art. Portions of the bones, forming the floor of the nostril, can often be removed, when dead, through ulcerated apertures in the palate; whilst others are brought away through the nostrils, there being generally sufficient space allowed for their discharge—the nasal cavities being laid into one by destruction of the columna, and more or less of the septum. Occasionally the ossa nasi, or parts of them, escape through an opening in the superimposed integuments ”

“ The steel should be left in each nostril several minutes, and gently moved back and forth from time to time, for the tonic “penciling” or “ironing” effect. The curative influence of this on chronic nasal catarrh or other pathological conditions of the nose is sometimes quite remarkable. ”

“ To rebuild such a nasal defect without dissection, except in such instances where the skin is quite elastic, is not to be advised, since the injected mass would be flattened, more or less, antero-posteriorly, giving the nose a broad and ugly appearance after the connective-tissue formation has been attained. ”

“ The anterior end of the skull is formed by a pair of rather small bones, the premaxillaries, which carry the incisor teeth; they bound the sides of the nasal opening, or anterior nares, reaching to the nasals, when the latter are of ordinary length; they also form the front end of the hard or bony palate, which divides the nasal passage from the mouth. The maxillaries, or upper jaw-bones, make up nearly all of the facial region on each side and send inward to the median line from each side a bony plate which together constitute the greater part of the hard palate ”

“ The operations herein described apply particularly to the correction or reduction of an overprominent nasal tip due to an excessive growth of congenital malformation of that part of the nose, giving the organ undue prominence and a hooklike appearance, usually associated with a narrow, sharply upward inclined upper lip.
Pozzi Method.—The same operation, on a larger scale, can be readily employed for the correction of hyperplasia nasi and rhinophyma. ”

“ It may be caused by adenoids; disease of the bones or tissues in the nose; foreign bodies in the nose; or it may occur in children whose nutrition is bad. It may result from frequent acute attacks of "cold in the head." It also occurs in other less important conditions. The foreign bodies which usually cause a chronic nasal discharge are,—buttons, peas, beans, beads, paper balls, flies and bugs, cherry-stones, small pieces of coal, or stone, cork or other material. A child gets hold of a shoe-button for example and pushes it into its nostrils. ”

“ The upper or maxillary process grows inward more slowly, but at last joins with the fronto-nasal process, and in the adult the lines of union are seen on each side as ridges of skin which run down from the nostril to the margin of the lip, and enclose that slightly depressed vertical gutter to which the term philtrum is given. ”

“ The discharge from the nose adheres to the nostrils and upper lip, and the infiltrated nasal lining, impeding breathing, causes snuffling and frequent snorting. The lymphatic vessels of the face are often involved and appear as painful subcutaneous “cords” passing across the cheek. These vessels sometimes present nodules which break and discharge a glutinous pus. As the disease progresses, the ulcers on the nose increase in number, enlarge or become confluent, extend in depth and sometimes completely perforate the septum. ”

“ The nostrils should be dilated as much as possible, as a free, wide, open nose gives a free, well-rounded tone, while a contracted nostril induces the nasal tone so much dreaded. A proper training of the facial muscles makes this dilation possible. Lifting the upper lip and projecting it forward aids the action to a great degree.
There is a strong tendency to unity of action between the nostrils and the lips and the soft palate. ”

“ The interior is a large and complicated chamber divided into the right and left nares, or nostrils, by the partition called the septum. This, like the external part, consists of cartilage in front, attached to bone at the back.
The Nostrils, opening on the face in front, run backward for about two inches and open into the pharynx behind. But the single canal is divided into three separate passages some distance inward. This division is effected by the turbinated bones which jut out into the nostril and thus form the upper, middle, and lower air-channels. ”

“ This so-called third, upper or posterior conch is not a true conch, nor is that of the vestibulum; only the middle one forms a scroll, and this corresponds to the only one of reptiles and the lower of the mammals. The nasal cavity communicates with the mouth by the choanae or posterior nares, situated between the palatine process of the maxillary, the palatine and the vomer. The outer nares or nostrils are most variable in size and shape. ”

“ To me, a turned up nose, a long thin nose, a very small nose, a nose with small nostrils, or a nose that is flat between the eyes, are the ugly forms, and every one of these may result from nasal obstruction. A few words of description as to how these various deformities of the nose are produced will help you to guard against letting your daughters grow up with deformed noses.
The turned-up nose is very common and when well marked is exceedingly ugly. People who cannot breathe easily through the nose are very fond of sniffing, and this of itself tends to produce a "snub nose." ”

“ First, you must realize that so-called "talking through the nose" is not talking through the nose at all, but rather failure to do so—that is, instead of letting the tone flood into the nasal cavity, to be reinforced there by striking against the walls of the cavity, which act as sounding-boards for the tone confined within that cavity, we shut off the cavity, and refuse the tone its natural reinforcement. It takes on, as a result, a thin, unresonant quality which we call nasal, although it is thin and unpleasing because it lacks true nasal resonance. ”

“ The NASAL FOSSÆ, or nostrils, are two irregular, compressed cavities, extending from the nose to the pharynx. These cavities are bounded superiorly by the sphenoid and 390 ethmoid bones; inferiorly, by the hard palate. In the middle line they are separated from each other by a bony and fibro-cartilaginous septum; upon the outer wall of each fossa, in the dried skull, are three projecting processes, termed spongy bones. In the fresh fossa, these are covered by a mucous membrane. ”

“ Every child knows that the nasal fossæ are formed to receive sensations, as by their depth and extent a larger surface is given to the pituitary membrane, and these soft sinuses, or cavities, are enabled to retain a greater mass of air loaded with odoriferous matter. ”

“ If you are bothered with nasal tones caused by growths or swellings in the nasal passages, a slight, painless operation will remove the obstruction. This is quite important, aside from voice, for the general health will be much lowered if the lungs are continually starved for air. ”

“ Booting is controlled by a dominant inhibiting factor that varies greatly in potency, and nostril-height is controlled by an inhibiting factor that stops the over-growth of the nasal flap which produces the narrow nostril. ”

“ Those that have nasal obstruction would do well to have that condition seen to at once. For centuries this condition was neglected. It not only interfered with beauty, but it was and is the cause of many serious maladies.
A nose that is bent to one side almost invariably has its origin in a broken nose. Fortunately not every nose that is broken shows its misfortune on the surface. If you would examine the noses of five hundred people, I very much doubt if there would be more than three hundred in whom the nose was not broken. ”

“ It consists of two parts, the external nose and the internal or nasal fossæ, which open to the face by the anterior nares or nostrils and into the pharynx by the posterior nares. Externally it is covered with skin, internally with ciliated mucous membrane. The fossæ have the inferior turbinated bones along their outer walls and are divided into three parts known as the superior, the middle, and the inferior meatus, the middle one connecting with the antrum of Highmore, while into the inferior meatus the lachrymal canal empties. ”

“ In those who survive, the voice has a peculiar nasal twang, as in phonation the air is expelled through the nose instead of through the mouth, and the articulation, especially of certain consonants, is very indistinct. Taste and smell are deficient. The constant exposure of the nasal and pharyngeal mucous membrane renders it liable to catarrhal inflammation and granular pharyngitis. ”

“ Sometimes dried pus in the nostrils, resulting from a cold, will cause
nasal gleet.
SYMPTOMS: A white or yellowish discharge from one or both of the
nostrils, the quantity varying with the severity of the attack and the
length of time the disease has been established. If, when tapping over
the nose below the eye, a dull sound is produced, it is safe to conclude
that the cavities are filled with pus; to make certain, compare the sick
animal with a healthy one; in some cases you will notice that even the
bones of the nose below the eye are slightly elevated. ”