The term "sitter," primarily referring to the subject of a portrait, extends into both artistic and spiritual domains. From Wilkie Collins’ reflections on sitters as sources of narrative inspiration to E. F. Benson’s portrayal of mediums communicating with the deceased, the concept illustrates a complex relationship between observer and subject.
Authors such as Sir Leslie Ward observed the physical endurance of sitters, while Sir Oliver Lodge contrasted the passive role of sitters during spiritualist séances with the active involvement of artistic models. These differing depictions highlight the sitter’s dual identity as both muse and active participant, connecting art, psychology, and the supernatural.