Countersign

Definition and stakes

Henry Phelps Johnston,  The Campaign of 1776 around New York and Brooklyn

“ All officers are desired to be more careful of discovering the countersign to persons that have no right to know it.
Any soldier on guard that discovers the countersign to any of his fellow soldiers, that are not on guard, is to be immediately confined. Every one that gives the countersign, is to give it as softly as possible so that if any person is listening, he may not hear it.
The sentries are not to suffer any person to stand near them, while they are on their posts after retreat beating.
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Source: Gutenberg

William H. Waldron,  Terrain Exercises

“ They should be changed frequently, so that the enemy will never know what system is being used on any particular night.
“When the countersign is a word it should be spoken in a very low tone of voice for fear of betraying it to the enemy’s scouts who may be near by. History is replete with incidents of disaster to covering detachments arising from the enemy’s knowledge of the countersign.”
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Source: Gutenberg

Portrait of Erskine Childers Erskine Childers,  In the Ranks of the C.I.V

“ We walked home about 8.30, the streets all silent as death, till we were challenged by a sentry near the outskirts of the town, and asked for the countersign, which we didn't know. There were muttered objections, into which a bottle of whisky mysteriously entered, and we bluffed it out. I have never found ignorance of a countersign a serious obstacle.
August 16.—Grazing most of the morning, during which I have managed to get some letters written, but I have great arrears to make up.
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Source: Gutenberg

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