Transposition

“ This time, we are just as likely as not to find seven or eight vowels in one segment and none at all in the next, depending on just what we did to the old units, and still we have not actually mixed the units; we simply have our division marks in the wrong places. Imagine, then, how the vowel distribution can vary when a transposition is one so planned as to break up units and scramble their letters. ”

“ Although the regular order of words in a sentence is that just explained, yet it is not rigorously fixed. For the sake of emphasis or special effect words may be transposed, provided the sense be not obscured. The terminations often enable such transposition to take place without confusion. ”

“ Let there be given quantities
and form from them a product of quantities
where the first suffixes are the natural numbers taken in order, and is some permutation of these numbers. This permutation by a transposition of two numbers, say becomes and by successively transposing pairs of letters the permutation can be reduced to the form Let such transpositions be necessary; then the expression
the summation being for all permutations of the numbers, is called the determinant of the quantities. ”

“ Another example of obviously intentional transposition occurs in chap. xl. where two verses are introduced as one of Job's replies to God, so as to allow of the latter delivering a second speech and utilising therein a fine description of the hippopotamus and the crocodile. ”

“ A no less necessary requisite is variety. Each episode must have some feature which has not been seen in any of the preceding episodes. A mere transposition of one episode into a different key will be invariably weak and bad if no modification be made. On the other hand, some of the best episodes are made by repetition of an earlier episode with inversion of _parts. ”

“ The strictly geometrical type, sometimes called complete-unit transposition, is based on one comparatively small unit, or cycle, repeated over and over, every unit having exactly the same number of letters and exactly the same disarrangement as the rest. This type always demands an exact number of units, and when a plaintext message is not evenly divisible into units, it must either be cut down to fit, or lengthened by the addition of extra letters called nulls. ”

“ This is a German idiom and has nothing to recommend it in Volapük.
lf we examin the English sentence "the man loves the woman" we see that no transposition can take place without destroying the sense, because we can only distinguish the subiect from the object by position. If we had a different ending for the objectiv, like the kimifal, then we might transpose. ”

“ The use of mechanical transformers in the shape of a screen or grid.
3. The substitution of numbers or other symbols for the original characters.
4. The transposition of letters according to a constant formula.
"Obviously," I began, "the example before our eyes—long lines of letters without breaks or marks of punctuation—does not come under the first heading. It contains no recognizable words, or phonetic groups, which might correspond in the code book to actual [Pg 181] sentences. ”

“ He substitutes an order of words which, in respect of syntax, metre or rhythm is more familiar to him.
Transpositions of words, if not purely accidental, as in Chaucer, “Parson's Tale,” p. 689 (ed. Skeat) , “God yaf (gave) his benison to Laban by the service of Jacob and to Pharao by the service of Joseph,” where the MSS. transpose Laban and Pharao, are generally to a more usual order, as in Shelley's Witch of Atlas, 65, “She first was changed” to “she was first changed.” An instance of transposition of words in part is in Shelley's “Invocation to Misery,” l. ”

“ I have devoted much time and thought to the solution of geometric theorems and problems by dissections and transpositions: viz. in proving the equality of areas in equivalent rectangles, &c., and investigating how the figures could be best dissected, so that their component parts might be fitted together in either form; and I have often contemplated proving all the suitable Theorems and Problems in Euclid by such dissections and transpositions: so as to render them self-evident by ocular demonstration. ”

“ Transpose young animals, and make a short piece of timber used as a support. 11. Transpose money paid for a lease, and make an aquatic bird. 12. Transpose a part, and make learning. 13. Transpose sound, and make a short letter.
When these transpositions have been rightly made, and the words written one below another, take the first letter of the first word, the second letter of the second word, the first of the third, the second of the fourth, and so on. The zigzag thus formed will spell the name of a man who wrote some fine stories for St. ”

“ No farther alteration has been taken with that version, except a new division into sections, instead of the prolix and needlessly minute subdivision of the original translation into a multitude of chapters; which change was necessary to accommodate this interesting original document to our plan of arrangement; and except in a few rare instances, where uninteresting controversial argumentations have been somewhat abridged, and even these chiefly because the original translator left the sense obscure or unintelligible, from ignorance of the language or of the subject. ”

“ Hitherto, no rival hypothesis has been proposed as a substitute for the doctrine of transmutation; for 'independent creation,' as it is often termed, or the direct intervention of the Supreme Cause, must simply be considered as an avowal that we deem the question to lie beyond the domain of science. ”

“ Transmission supposes something which may be transmitted; if, then, the act of consciousness is transmitted, it must be something permanent in itself, in the midst of the succession of the substances; and this is a very strange conclusion to which the German philosopher is brought by his theory of transmission. All psychologists had said that the substance of the soul is permanent, and its phenomena transitory; now, on the contrary, we find that the transitory is the substance, and that which is permanent is the phenomenon, or the act of consciousness which is transmitted. ”

“ Do they constitute other kinds of movement than those already noticed, generation and destruction, growth and decrease, movement of displacement and alteration? Shall composition and decomposition be reduced to some one of these kinds of motion, or shall we look at this process inversely? If composition consist in approximating one thing to another, and in joining them together; and if, on the other hand, decomposition consist in separating the things which were joined, we have here only two movements of displacement, a uniting, and a separating one. ”

“ We shall now seek the signs of literary relativity, not in the comparison of different species ofliterature, nor in the different characters of men and women in various stages of social life, but in that effort to transfer the thoughts expressed in the language of one social group into that of another, which we call translation. How far is accuracy of translation possible? It is clear that both in prose and verse there are difficulties in the way of the translator sometimes insurmountable. ”

“ It may be well to have one word, as transmutation, to indicate chemical molecular change, and another, as transformation, to indicate mechanical molecular change; but, as industrialists, we must hesitate to marvel more at the one than the other. ”

“ Both the transmitter and the material transmitted are physical in their nature, but how can an idea or feeling such as our idea of eternity, or of infinity, or aesthetic, or moral sense be transmitted through a tube? How then can we apply the concept of transmission-function to consciousness and the physical world where the two are totally different in nature? ”

“ My dear Romanes,—I have read your two articles in 'Nature,' and nothing can be clearer or more interesting, though I had gathered your conclusions clearly from your other papers. It seems to me that unless you can show that your muslin (in your simile) is rather coarse, the transmission may be considered as passing in any direction from cell or unit of structure to cell or unit; and in this case the transmission would be as in Dionæa, but more easily effected in certain lines or directions than in others. It is splendid work, and I hope you are getting on well in all respects. ”

“ The transmutation theory insists that they owe their origin to gradual transformations, and are not, therefore, the result of distinct creative acts. All agree, however, that we arrive at a lower stratum where no trace of life is to be found. ”

“ Yet the evidence of the natural transmutation of species, is, in one respect, much stronger than that of the natural transmutation of languages—in respect, namely, of there being a vastly greater number of cases all bearing testimony to the fact of genetic relationship. ”

“ Further problems are connected with the possibility of repeated conversions of the same man, the necessity of a single strongly marked conversion completed in a single process, the significance of sudden conversion of persons in a highly emotional state, such as has been common in revivalist meetings, especially in Wales and the United States of America. Conversions of the last kind have followed frequently on striking physical phenomena, perceived in many cases only by the convert himself, such as a sudden bright light or a noise like a clap of thunder. ”

“ Each Language formed slowly in a single Geographical Area. May die out gradually or suddenly. Once lost can never be revived. Mode of Origin of Languages and Species a Mystery. Speculations as to the Number of original Languages or Species unprofitable. CHAP. 24. BEARING OF THE DOCTRINE OF TRANSMUTATION ON THE ORIGIN OF MAN, AND HIS PLACE IN THE CREATION. Whether Man can be regarded as an Exception to the Rule if the Doctrine of Transmutation be embraced for the rest of the Animal Kingdom. Zoological Relations of Man to other Mammalia. Systems of Classification. ”

“ The translation of one language into another is not a process of translating each proposition of the one into a proposition of the other, but only the constituent parts of propositions are translated. ”

“ Transmutation is a great natural Mystery, Metallick, and not contrary to the Course of Nature, nor repugnant to the Order of GOD, as many men of it do falsly judge. For imperfect Metals, are changed neither into Gold, nor into Silver, without this Stone of Philosophers. ”

“ When transpire is correctly used, it is not a synonym of happen. A thing that happened a year ago may transpire to-day, that is, it may "become known through unnoticed channels, exhale, as it were, through invisible pores like a vapor or a gas disengaging itself." Many things which happen in school, thus become known by being passed along in a semi-secret manner until nearly all know of them though few can tell just how the information was spread. Transpire may properly be applied to such a diffusion of knowledge. ”

“ But in these things Nature hath her singular Privilege granted by GOD, for the sake of Man. I speak this of Transmutation, that you may understand, that the foolish Philosopher Aristotle, was not well grounded in his Philosophy, but was meerly fatuate. Now I will give you the Receipt, that you may know how, in all places of Germany, to make Copper of Iron; whence we may easily gather, what the power of Transmutation is, and that many other Transmutations may be made ”

“ Professor Müller claims to have found in language an endowment which has no analogies, and no preparations in even the beings nearest to man, and of which, therefore, no process of transmutation could furnish an explanation. ”

“ But the translator is in all these respects bound by his foreign model; he, more than any other writer, must be possessed of an infinite resource of word and phrase,—because sometimes only a hair's breadth lies between humour and pathos, between the tragic and the grotesque; and that hair's breadth the translator is bound to preserve. ”

“ The transmutation of one sort of atom into another is therefore not a mere visionary fancy, but an established fact; and although our laboratory experiments in this direction may not as yet have gone very far, they have gone far enough to show that a Law of Transmutation does exist in Nature. ”

“ In conclusion, if it is necessary to say anything on the vexed question of translations in general, one might perhaps defend them against their traducers on the ground that, when, as now, the whole world is bent on being examined in every branch of knowledge, time becomes an object of vital importance, and, if only to save this, translations have a distinct value. ”

“ As the verb “have” is translated by tá and the preposition ag, so in a similar manner the verb “own” is translated by the verb IS and the preposition LE. Not only is the verb “to own,” but also all expressions conveying the idea of ownership, such as: The book belongs to me: the book is mine, &c.; are translated by the same idiom.
Notice the position of the words. In translating the verb “have” the verb tá is separated from the preposition ag by the noun or pronoun; but in the case of “own” the verb is and the preposition le come together. ”

“ Transvaal is utfualiy divided into three more or less distinct physical regions, which are determined mainly by the elevation of the land, taken in connection with the corresponding natural and economic conditions. ”

“ When a traveller finds a sudden transition from one language to another, or from one dialect to another, it is a proof that the manners of such people have been long different, and that they have had little communication with one another. ”