Energy efficiency

“ Definition- In this section, the term `carbon dioxide energy efficiency' means the quantity of electricity used to power equipment for carbon dioxide capture and storage or use. ` (c) Feasibility Study- The Architect of the Capitol shall conduct a feasibility study evaluating the available methods to capture, store, and use carbon dioxide emitted from the Capitol Power Plant as a result of burning fossil fuels. ”

“ The fourth bill will be a national energy efficiency program — including strict appliance and building standards and requiring utilities to use energy efficiency measures to meet a portion of their demand. ”

“ There are many examples of successful energy efficiency programmes in industrial countries. The many methods used successully to increase awareness include information campaigns in the media, technical press, and schools; demonstrations of successful practices and technologies; free energy audits; energy 'labelling' of appliances; and training in energy-saving techniques. ”

“ The cost-effectiveness of 'efficiency' as the most environmentally benign 'source' of energy is well established. The energy consumption per unit of output from the must efficient processes and technologies is one-third to less than one-half that of typically available equipment. ”

“ To develop a strategy and targeted measures to promote energy efficiency and foster sustainable energy systems based on all energy sources, in particular renewable energy sources, in small island developing States, such as wind, sustainable biomass, solar, hydroelectric, biofuel and geothermal energy ”

“ IN GENERAL— As part of the program, the Secretary shall establish energy efficiency partnerships between the Secretary and eligible entities to conduct research on, develop, and demonstrate new processes, technologies, and operating practices and techniques to significantly improve the energy efficiency of equipment and processes used by energy-intensive industries, including the conduct of activities to— (A) increase the energy efficiency of industrial processes and facilities ”

“ Energy Efficiency Improvement Goals. Through life-cycle cost-effective measures, each agency shall reduce energy consumption per gross square foot of its facilities, excluding facilities covered in section 203 of this order, by 30 percent by 2005 and 35 percent by 2010 relative to 1985. ”

“ The manufacture, import, or sale of equipment conforming to mandatory minimal energy consumption or efficiency standard is one of the most powerful and effective tools in promoting energy efficiency and producing predictable savings. International cooperation may be required when such equipment is traded from nation to nation. Countries and appropriate regional organizations should introduce and extend increasingly strict efficiency standards for equipment and mandatory labelling of appliances.
99. Many energy efficiency measures cost nothing to implement. ”

“ The minimum energy efficiency ratio of single package vertical heat pumps at or above 135,000 Btu per hour (cooling capacity) but less than 240,000 Btu per hour (cooling capacity) , shall be 8.6 and the minimum coefficient of performance in the heating mode shall be 2.9. ”

“ Given the above analysis, the Commission believes that energy efficiency should be the cutting edge of national energy policies for sustainable development. Impressive gains in energy efficiency have been made since the first oil price shock in the 1970s. During the past 13 years, many industrial countries saw the energy content of growth fall significantly as a result of increases in energy efficiency averaging 1.7 per cent annually between 1973 and 1983. [70] And this energy efficiency solution costs less, by savings made on the extra primary supplies required to run traditional equipment. ”

“ Each agency will prescribe policies under which its industrial facilities in the aggregate increase energy efficiency by at least 20 percent in fiscal year 2000 in comparison to fiscal year 1985, to the extent that these measures minimize life cycle costs and are cost-effective in accordance with 10 CFR Part 436. Each agency shall establish appropriate indicators of energy efficiency to comply with this section. ”

“ Given the large disproportion in per capita energy consumption between developed and developing countries in general, it is clear that the scope and need for energy saving is potentially much higher in industrial than in developing countries. Nonetheless, energy efficiency is important everywhere. The cement factory, automobile, or irrigation pump in a poor country is fundamentally no different from its equivalent in the rich world. ”

“ NET EXCESS POWER— The term `net excess power' means, for any facility, recoverable waste energy recovered in the form of electricity in quantities exceeding the total consumption of electricity at the specific time of generation on the site at which the facility is located. ` (4) PROJECT— The term `project' means a recoverable waste energy project or a combined heat and power system project. ”

“ Institution of Higher Education-Based Industrial Research and Assessment Centers— The Secretary shall provide funding to institution of higher education-based industrial research and assessment centers, whose purpose shall be— (1) to identify opportunities for optimizing energy efficiency and environmental performance; (2) to promote applications of emerging concepts and technologies in small- and medium-sized manufacturers; (3) to promote research and development for the use of alternative energy sources to supply heat, power, and new feedstocks for energy-intensive industries ”

“ IN GENERAL— In order to better coordinate efforts with the separate Industrial Assessment Centers and to ensure that the energy efficiency and, when applicable, the renewable nature of deploying mature clean energy technology is fully accounted for, the Secretary shall relocate the administration of the Clean Energy Application Centers to the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy within the Department of Energy. ”

“ The energy efficiency and productivity of most of our businesses remains shamefully low, but that is not the worst part. The trouble is that it seems that owners, directors, chief engineers and officials are not very worried about this. ”

“ Perhaps the most challenging task contemplated for the fuel cell is to bring about the consumption of raw or slightly processed coal, gas, and oil fuels with atmospheric oxygen. If fuel cells can be made to use these abundant fuels, then the high natural conversion efficiency of the fuel cells will make them economically superior to the lower efficiency steam-electric plants now in commercial service. ”

“ I have all along spoken of efficiency as a percentage of the total quantity of heat evolved by the fuel; and this is, in the eyes of a manufacturer, the essential question. Other things being equal, that engine is the most economical which requires the smallest quantity of coal or of gas. But men of science often employ the term efficiency in another sense, which I will explain. If I wind a clock, I have spent a certain amount of energy lifting the weight. ”

“ As we observe Energy Awareness Month, 1995, this year's theme, "Energy Fuels Our Future," is a powerful reminder of the need to build a strong foundation of sustainable energy policies that will benefit the generations to come. We can be proud of the United States' efforts toward this end. In every critical sector of society-commercial and residential development, transportation, industry, utility management, and government-we have improved efficiency and reduced the environmental impact of energy production and consumption. ”

“ When the problems are solved, probably within the next decade, MHD power plants should be able to provide reliable power with high efficiency. They may then serve in large space power plants, and, most important, they may provide cheaper electricity for general use through their higher temperatures and greater efficiencies. ”

“ RECOVERABLE WASTE ENERGY— The term `recoverable waste energy' means waste energy from which electricity or useful thermal energy may be recovered through modification of an existing facility or addition of a new facility. ”

“ Also in each of these methods the efficiency of transmission is the product of three factors or partial efficiencies, which correspond exactly--namely, first, the efficiency of the instrument which converts the actual energy of the prime mover into potential energy; second, the efficiency of the instrument which reconverts this potential energy into actual energy, that is, into motion, and delivers it up in this shape for the actual operations which accomplish industrial work ”

“ This leaves in the one case but nine per cent and in the other a little over eight per cent of the original energy at the disposal of the consumer. Some of this must inevitably be lost in the final heating operation, for, though the apparatus be designed never so well, it can not have an efficiency of a hundred per cent. The consumer, therefore, can have in an available form not more than ten per cent and probably not over seven per cent of the heat in the fuel with which the cycle of operations started. ”

“ At present, the energy to provide these services comes from fuels – oil, gas, coal, nuclear, wood, and other primary sources (solar, wind, or water power) – that are all useless until they are converted into the energy-services needed by machines or other kinds of end-use equipment, such as stoves, turbines, or motors. In many countries worldwide, a lot of primary energy is wasted because of the inefficient design or running of the equipment used to convert it into the services required; though there is an encouraging growth in awareness of energy conservation and efficiency. ”

“ In fact, as part of this effort, today I've signed a presidential memorandum requesting that the Department of Energy set new efficiency standards for common household appliances. This will save consumers money, this will spur innovation, and this will conserve tremendous amounts of energy. We'll save through these simple steps over the next 30 years the amount of energy produced over a two-year period by all the coal-fired power plants in America. ”

“ Each State energy conservation plan with respect to which assistance is made available under this part on or after the date of enactment of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 shall contain a goal, consisting of an improvement of 25 percent or more in the efficiency of use of energy in the State concerned in calendar year 2012 as compared to calendar year 1990, and may contain interim goals.". ”

“ ENERGY-INTENSIVE INDUSTRY— The term `energy-intensive industry' means an industry that uses significant quantities of energy as part of its primary economic activities, including— (A) information technology, including data centers containing electrical equipment used in processing, storing, and transmitting digital information ”

“ For instance, directing resources toward increases in efficiency of current energy expenditure might be more effective (at least in the short run) at making an impact. Innovations here can, like EMICs, take the form of highly specialized changes: the current work on piezoelectric pedestrian walkways (which harvest some of the kinetic energy of human foot impacting sidewalk or hallway and store it as electrical energy) is an excellent example [11] . ”

“ ENERGY-EFFICIENT APPLIANCES. In purchasing appliances, a public housing agency shall purchase energy-efficient appliances that are Energy Star products or FEMP-designated products, as such terms are defined in section 553 of the National Energy Conservation Policy Act, unless the purchase of energy-efficient appliances is not cost-effective to the agency. ”

“ The word efficiency, when applied to a prime mover or to any piece of apparatus that changes energy from one form to another, or which transmits or utilizes energy, has a well-defined meaning, and is used to represent the ratio of the energy of the useful effect produced by the apparatus, to the energy necessarily supplied to the apparatus to enable it to produce that effect. ”

“ Again, if the weight be very great, the energy thus gained will be very great; in fact, the energy will vary with the weight. In fine, the arrangement now described is a veritable heat engine, of which the chamber at 0° C. corresponds to the boiler, and the other chamber a trifle lower in temperature to the condenser, while the amount of work we get out of the engine—or, in other words, its efficiency—will depend upon the weight which is raised through the space of ths of a metre, so that, by increasing this weight without limit, we may increase the efficiency of our engine without limit. ”

“ The first is the man who is to show how, by the consumption of coal, we may directly produce electricity, and thus, perhaps, evade that now inevitable and enormous loss that comes of the utilization of energy in all heat-engines driven by substances of variable volume. ”

“ Various kinds of oil succeeded it as illuminants, until the discovery of petroleum set them all aside, and gave the world one of its most useful natural products. Then came the illuminating gas, and finally the wonderful electric light, whose brilliant glow lighted up the threshold of the twentieth century. Petroleum, gas and electricity are also beginning to replace coal for heating and cooking purposes,—as coal replaced wood,—and an outlook into the future seems to reveal to us the marvelous electric energy performing these and a thousand other services ”

“ We are a nation that is principally reliant for every flip of the switch, for every use of an air- conditioner, for every drive of a car -- almost every drive of a car -- on fossil fuels. That does represent the largest amount of energy use in America. ”

“ All these are evidently problems affecting vitally all progress in the future of energy-production in the field of mechanical engineering. When complete conversion of energy is effected by any mechanism employing our natural sources of energy, the task of the builder of the air-ship is rendered less difficult, the cost of light-production is made easier and the utilization of the latent energy of fuel through the heat-engine is made comparatively insignificant in cost. ”