Packaging

“ Fancy packaging designed by some of the most competent commercial artists and motivational research men in the country. Then you buy distribution. From the factory all the way to the retail ultra-market where your wife shops. ”

“ Article 17
⁠An enterprise manufacturing packaging for dangerous export goods must apply to the commodity inspection authorities for a test of the performance of such packaging. An enterprise producing dangerous export goods must apply to the same authorities for a test of the use of packaging. No permission shall be granted for the export of dangerous goods kept in the packaging that have not passed a test. ”

“ During the United States' participation in the World War, tin became practically unobtainable, and coffee packers turned to paper and fiber containers as substitutes in packaging nearly all grades. In this war period, commercial economy became a fetish in the business world; and coffee packers worked to save not only material, but shipping space, labor, and time. Paper and fiber containers proved to be not only practical but economical packages. ”

“ Packaging materials and containers in which a good is packaged for retail sale shall, if classified as one with the good, be disregarded in determining whether all the non- originating materials used in the production of the good undergo the applicable change in tariff classification described in Annex 401.1, and, if the good is subject to a regional value content requirement, the value of such packaging materials and containers shall be taken into account in calculating the regional value content of the good. ”

“ The packaging of the products covered by the sales promotion shall not be tampered, neither shall any change in the product's package be affected without the authority of the sponsoring agency or the owner or manufacturer of the product. ”

“ The price of cellophane is today an obstacle to its sales in competition with other flexible packaging materials.↑ See, e.g., R. 4846.↑ '140. Some users are sensitive to the cost of flexible packaging materials; others are not. Users to whom cost is important include substantial business: for example, General Foods, Armour, Curtiss Candy Co., and smaller users in the bread industry, cracker industry, and frozen food industry. ”

“ If packaging materials are to be made to withstand very high relative humidities and large variations in temperature, additional investigations are required, since such containers are not yet available. In packaging, serious consideration must be given to the ease with which the food may be reached and eaten. ”

“ The measurement of the quantity imported shall be based on the actual weight of the imported sugar and syrup goods, converted as appropriate to raw value, without regard to the packaging in which the goods are imported or their presentation. ”

“ The carton is popular, because it takes up less room in storage and in shipment to the packing plant, and also because the label can be printed directly on the package. Another economy feature is its adaptability to the automatic packaging machine, which transforms it from a flat sheet into a wrapped and sealed package of coffee. Moisture-proof and flavor-retaining inner liners and outside wrappers are generally used to prevent rapid deterioration of the coffee's strength and aroma.
Paper bags are the least expensive containers to be obtained ”

“ Manufacture, preparation, compounding, or processing.—The term ‘manufacture, preparation, compounding, or processing’ shall include repackaging or otherwise changing the container, wrapper, or labeling of any tobacco product package in furtherance of the distribution of the tobacco product from the original place of manufacture to the person who makes final delivery or sale to the ultimate consumer or user. ”

“ There were none to speak of and Grand continued briefly:
“Now what we want is one product which we can present in the two forms—good and evil, old and new, primitive and civilized—two items designed for the same use but presented as completely antithetical, both morally and philosophically—not aesthetically, however ... packaging will be high-tone69 and identical, let the departments concerned take note ... now do any of you—execs, staffers—know what that product might be?” ”

“ If every package, bottle or container does not bear the true net weight, the name of the real manufacturer or jobbers, and the true grade or class of the product, the same to be expressed on the face of the principal label in clear and distinct English words in black type on a white background, said type to be in size uniform with that used to name the brand or producer. ”

“ Practically all of the large and successful box-making concerns are specializing in some particular line. For example, one large company is specializing on druggists’ pill and powder boxes. Another firm is making fine candy boxes of all kinds. Still another concern is making nothing except folding boxes. The specialty line seems to be “the thing” in these days, and one can easily understand why it would not pay a manufacturer in attempting to make every variety of paper boxes and folding boxes. ”

“ Metal can, glass container and plastic container manufacturers were each seeking to enlarge their sales to the thousands of packers of hundreds of varieties of food, chemical, toiletry and industrial products, ranging from ripe olives to fruit juices to tuna fish to smoked tongue ”

“ Many box-makers are specializing in fancy candy boxes. Their plants are equipped to handle this one line of product to the best advantage. By making a specialty of this line, a great deal of the work can be standardized in such a way that the blanks, wrappers, neck-strips, trimming paper, covering paper, extension bottoms, etc., can be cut to standard sizes. The operators, through working continually on the same styles and sizes of boxes, soon become very efficient, and are [83] capable of producing a larger output than would be the case in a plant that is not specializing on candy boxes. ”

“ The drug trade alone uses great quantities of the smaller-size folding boxes for holding pills, tablets, medical goods, etc. Countless numbers of the larger size cartons are used for holding cereals, cake, tea, dozen lots of cigarette packages, dry goods, etc. ”

“ The consumer, for example, may begin to prefer one type of container over the other and the manufacturer of baby food cans may therefore find that his problem is the housewife rather than the packer or the price of his cans. [9] This may not be price competition but it is nevertheless meaningful competition between interchangeable containers.
We therefore conclude that the area of effective competition between the metal and glass container industry is far broader than that of containers for beer. ”

“ Another girl stood ready with my machine to label the corked bottles and hand them to the three packers, who slipped them into their outer papers and put them, with a pad of corrugated paper between each pair, into a little groove from which they could be made to slide neatly into position in our standard packing-case. It sounds wild, I know, but I believe I was the first man in the city of London to pack patent medicines through the side of the packing-case, to discover there was a better way in than by the lid. ”

“ When a force of operators start work at a table, or at a group of machines, there should be a steady flow of material to keep them constantly employed. This is the system now being followed in the leading box-making factories, and it is a system which should be adopted by every box manufacturer, no matter how small his shop may be. Keep your skilled help plentifully supplied with material. Do not allow your best operators to waste time in carrying stock from place to place when boys or girls, with the aid of light trucks, can do this class of work just as well. ”

“ The cartons are for the convenience of the trade in transporting the goods, and preserving them, and handling them, and counting them; and the cartons go with the goods in them, until they become empty through the sale of their contents in the United States to consumers who buy at retail for use. ”

“ Every intelligent person knows that Zenith manufactures more condensed milk and evaporated cream, more paper boxes, and more lighting-fixtures, than any other city in the United States, if not in the world. But it is not so universally known that we also stand second in the manufacture of package-butter, sixth in the giant realm of motors and automobiles, and somewhere about third in cheese, leather findings, tar roofing, breakfast food, and overalls! ”

“ In the other industries 'glass container, plastic container and metal container manufacturers are each seeking to promote their lines of containers at the expense of other lines, * * * all are attempting to improve their products or to develop new ones so as to have a wider customer appeal,' 217 F.Supp., at 804, the result being that 'manufacturers from time to time may shift a product from one type of container to another.' Id., at 805. ”

“ Round and oval paper boxes, especially the smaller sizes such as are used for face powders, pills, capsules, etc., are made by highly-skilled labor and this class of work is considered to be the most difficult in the paper box industry. Round work is far more intricate than square-box work of any kind. It requires years of practical experience for one to become a first class round or oval box maker. Round work is an art, and many of the fine pill and face powder boxes which are seen in drug stores are beautiful works of art. ”

“ It would be a mistake for anyone to be under the impression that box-makers’ printed matter is of the common-place variety, for many of the wrappers, box-tops and labels produced for fine candy boxes, rubber goods boxes, holiday boxes and other boxes are printed in the best style. The type forms and designs, in many instances, are works of art. This means that the compositor working in the box manufacturing factory should be a high grade craftsman, capable of producing first class display typography. ”

“ Inspection of the factory and of the material was provided for explicitly. Confiscation of the finished product was authorized upon a finding of its unsuitability for food through the use of unhealthful or unwholesome materials, a finding that might be based upon visual or delicate laboratory tests, or upon observation of the use of such materials in the process of manufacture. I.R.C. § 2325; 9 C.F.R. §§ 301.41-301.43. By the statutes and regulations, [22] the Department of Agriculture has authority to watch the consumer's interest throughout the process of manufacture and distribution. ”

“ Buying by the box or basket is antiquated and not satisfactory to either buyer or seller. Under the recent Federal net weight law, purchase by basket or crate must show on each container the exact weight or measure if there be interstate shipment, and the same is true for some of the states. It should not be necessary to give more than a general inspection at the factory. ”

“ It is urged that the carton is not incident to the transportation of the goods, but is part of their preparation for sale abroad; that it is an integral part of the value of the whole, carton and goods, as a unit; that, in valuing such unit, nothing more is done than valuing the goods, ready for sale; and that although, in one sense, the carton is a charge, it is a charge incurred in putting the merchandise into the condition in which it is sold abroad, and it becomes part of the goods, and its value is merged in the value of the filled carton. ”

“ Every brand issued shall be used upon the outside of the cheese and also upon the package containing the same, and shall bear a different number for each separate manufactory, and the commissioner shall keep a book in which shall be registered the name, location and number of each manufactory using the said brand, and the name or names of the persons at each manufactory authorised to use the same. ”

“ In packing for market, besides the directions already given as to prevent motion, it is very desirable to have the packages, of whatever form, whether boxes or barrels, of a neat appearance and uniform full size. The fruits should be well selected, and of a like average quality throughout, and not fixed up for market with the best only at the ends or sides that are to be first opened, while the inferior fruit is concealed within. Honesty is the best policy everywhere, and dealers soon learn to discriminate in favor of the brands of honest packers. ”

“ Where great quantities of tin-plate are required for a particular use, as, for example, the canning of salmon or lobsters, of biscuit, or of fruit and vegetables, the plates come direct from the manufactory to the manufacturer of cans or boxes, in such previously agreed upon sizes and shapes as will obviate any waste of material, and reduce to a minimum the time and labor necessary to adapt them to their respective uses. ”

“ Has it ever occurred to you the vast amount of waste going on in putting up goods in tin packages? It presents a great field for invention of the simple "lucky" kind. The person who hits the right thing will become vastly wealthy. Try to devise a shape of package that will answer and be useful after it is emptied. Now, simply to illustrate the idea, say we put tomatoes up in a tin cup with a lid that would serve as a cake cutter. Nice little buckets might answer. Smoking tobacco packages ought to answer for match boxes to hang on the wall. ”

“ A just and particular account of all the merchandise, so laden on board, whether in packages or stowed loose, of any kind or nature whatever, together with the marks and numbers as marked on each package, and the number or quantity and description of the packages in words at length, whether leaguer, pipe, butt, puncheon, {28} hogshead, barrel, keg, case, bale, pack, truss, chest, box, band-box, bundle, parcel, cask, or package, of any kind or sort, describing the same by its usual name or denomination. ”